House construction today is largely project-based, where the buildings are tailored tounique conditions and locations that are rarely the same as another build on anotherbuilding site. In addition to the building itself and the building site, involved actorsusually also change from project to project. As a result of today's project-basedconstruction, there is a lack of a standardized and systematic work process forconstruction work. A systematic work process could contribute to all the players' pursuitof profit. To explore the possibilities of creating an improved work process, this study focusedon balconies of wooden houses. The purpose and objectives of the work were therefore designed to evaluate today'sconstruction work for the design of balconies in wooden houses, where possible areasof improvement were evaluated to create a systematic work process for constructorsin designing and dimensioning balconies in wooden houses.In order to achieve the purpose and objectives of the work, four questions have beendeveloped that focus on the production of systematic work processes, the current workprocess of the construction work, design methods and balconies in wooden houses.Existing research and published material were found through a literature and contextstudy to further develop the study’s work. Theory regarding systematisation and process development, balconies,dimensioning of supporting structures, etc. was the basis for how the work would becarried out. The systematized work process for balcony design was, however, createdusing information from the qualitative interview study with a total of eight (8)respondents in different roles I house building. The work process was then partiallytested in a quantitative verification. The work resulted in a systematic work process in the form of a checklist that includesgeneral tips as well as a chronological workflow that describes how, when, with whomand what should and can be done at the balcony design to get the best possible results.A description of the existing balcony types has also been developed to simplify workand to clarify important points and tasks in the design of a particular type of balcony. The workflow is divided into the activities of the design and dimensioning, such asstart-up, design and dimensioning of the balcony's main components, detail designand dimensioning of fastening components, drawing up drawings and assemblydescriptions, and follow-up and development of the work process. Based on the results of the study, the questions were answered with a description ofthe four (4) types of balcony, which were based on theory and were strengthened bymeans of empirical data from the respondents. Two (2) of the balcony types are viiiconsidered more common, balconies with pillars to land and rods above the balconyplate, where the latter is considered the most common in wooden houses at present.Today's construction work for designing and dimensioning balconies in woodenhouses is similar in large part, but due to the use of prefabrication and standardizationdegree the work differs from each other. The verification of a part of the work process resulted in a balcony solution with crosslaminated timber as a balcony slab and in a comparison between results from aproposed software and hand calculations. The comparison showed that the softwarecan be used for dimensioning balconies with cross laminated timber, with the exceptionthat the dimensioning for fire must be done by hand because of deficiencies in thesoftware's settings. The study has shown that systematisation is often based on LEAN Production, whichwas created by the Japanese automotive industry, which focuses on creating efficientwork processes by circularly examining, testing, evaluating and developing workprocesses. The conclusion of the work is that it is possible to systematise construction work, butunlike the manufacturing industry, the work process must have adjustment possibilitiesduring the work to meet the commonly occurring changes in house construction.However, in order for the systematisation work to be carried out, increasedunderstanding and involvement from and by other actors than constructors arerequired. A systematic work process together with type solutions and standardized calculationmethods can shorten the design time, improve and secure the solutions, and allowmore time for creative thinking to further improve the balcony solutions and the workprocess.

Dans les pays en voie de développement, le rythme croissant de l’urbanisation entraîne un rapprochement rapide des habitations aux infrastructures des transports (aéroports, aérogares). En plus de ces constats, les conditions difficiles d’accès aux ressources énergétiques et l’inadéquation des techniques de construction avec le climat et l’environnement, les pays tropicaux doivent s’orienter vers les techniques favorisant l’utilisation du potentiel de construction durable (concepts passifs et bioclimatiques) afin de garantir les conforts (aspects acoustique et thermique) des habitants au sein des bâtiments. Le potentiel de construction durable, actuellement faiblement exploré, est très important dans ces pays. Face à ces défis, le concept de bâtiment durable est l’une des meilleures alternatives pour tisser l’harmonie entre le bâtiment et son environnement. Les techniques de construction durable passent par la connaissance parfaite du site, du climat local, les besoins de conforts (aspects acoustique et thermique) des habitants. Dans le cadre de notre contribution à ces problématiques, une étude d’évaluation de risques affectant les performances des bâtiments a été initiée. Toutefois, la majeure partie des travaux qu'on retrouve dans la littérature se focalise sur l’utilisation des approches analytiques qui s’avèrent parfois insuffisantes, en l’absence de la prise en compte des réalités pratiques. Une méthodologie d’analyse et d’évaluation des risques affectant la performance dans les bâtiments basée sur l’approche de capitalisation et d’exploitation des connaissances issues des processus de retour d’expérience est développée. Deux bâtiments tests (un bâtiment aéroportuaire et un bâtiment résidentiel du type F3B) sont choisis à Bamako afin d’appliquer la méthode d’évaluation avec le concours des experts, des techniciens du secteur du bâtiment et des usagers. Pour le premier bâtiment, l’évaluation est relative aux risques affectant la performance acoustique dans le contexte aéroportuaire tandis pour le second, elle est relative aux risques affectant la performance énergétique dans le contexte bioclimatique. L’effort se concentre sur l'identification des non qualités et des facteurs d’inconfort dont la résolution contribue à améliorer la performance acoustique, énergétique et environnementale des bâtiments. Pour ce faire, des visites de terrain (enquêtes auprès des usagers des bâtiments et interviews auprès des acteurs de la construction) ont été réalisées pour identifier d’une part les besoins et le comportement des habitants et d’autre part les techniques et les connaissances pratiques des acteurs de construction. Des fiches de questionnaires ainsi que des capteurs de mesures in situ (thermomètres, hygromètres et sonomètres) et des logiciels de traitements de données sont utilisés comme outils pour l’évaluation de risques affectant les performances sur les bâtiments tests. Des investigations sous forme de mesures in situ des paramètres (de températures, d’humidité et de niveaux de pression acoustique) respectivement à l’intérieur et à l’extérieur du bâtiment aéroportuaire et du bâtiment résidentiel du type F3B sont menées à l’aide de ces capteurs. Ces données sont ensuite traitées à l’aide des logiciels de traitements de données pour intégrer les connaissances et stratégies de construction durable. La capitalisation des informations issues de ces études sert de retour d’expérience à travers des propositions de solutions correctives et de bonnes pratiques pour la résolution des problèmes de performance (les pathologies, les dommages, et les autres dysfonctionnements) observés sur les bâtiments. / In developing countries, the growing importance of urbanization is bringing housing closer to transport infrastructure (airports, air terminals). Beside these observations, the difficult conditions of access to energy resources and the construction techniques inadequacy with the climate and the environment must enable tropical countries to move towards lasting potential construction techniques and use (passive, bioclimatic concepts) in order to guarantee the comfort (acoustic, thermal) of the inhabitants within the buildings. The sustainable construction potential, poorly explored, is very important in these countries. In the face of these challenges, the lasting buildings concept is one of the best alternatives for weaving harmony between the building and its environment. Lasting construction techniques go through a perfect knowledge of the site, the local climate and the inhabitants needs of comfort (acoustic, thermal). As part of our contribution to these issues, a risk assessment study and risk factors for building performance are initiated. However, most of the literature works focuses on the analytical approaches use that are sometimes insufficient, in the absence of taking into account practical realities. An analysis and assessment of risk performance methodology in buildings based on the capitalization and knowledge exploitation approach from return experience processes is developed. Two test buildings (an airport building and a F3B type residential building) are chosen in Bamako in order to apply the evaluation method with experts’ assistance, building technicians and users. For the first building, the assessment is relative to acoustic performance risks in the airport context while for the second; it relative to energy performance risks in the bioclimatic context. The effort focuses on the identification of non-qualities and the discomfort factors whose resolution contributes to improving the building acoustic, energy and environmental performance. To do this, field visits (surveys with building users and interviews with construction stakeholders) were conducted to identify on the one hand the residents’ needs and behavior and on the other hand, the construction actors’ techniques and practical knowledge. Questionnaire forms as well as measuring sensors in-situ (thermometers, hygrometers and sound level meter) and data processing software are used as tools for the performance risks assessment on test buildings. Investigations in the form of in-situ measurements, parameters (temperature, humidity and sound pressure levels) respectively inside and outside the airport and residential building type F3B are carried out with these sensors. These data are then treated with data processing software to integrate lasting construction knowledge and strategies. The capitalization of the information from these studies serves as experience feedback through corrective solutions propositions and good practices for the performance problems resolution (pathologies, damages, and others dysfunctions) observed on buildings.

Les organisations d’aujourd’hui ont besoin d’être plus agiles afin de survivre dans des marchés fluctuants et instables. C’est le cas particulier des processus de résolution de problèmes. La résolution de problèmes est une activité clé que les entreprises réalisent quotidiennement afin d’améliorer leur qualité et de réussir l’amélioration continue globale. Ces processus sont construits à partir des standards cadrés tels que le Plan, Do, Check, Act (PDCA), Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve, Control (DMAIC), ou le 8 Disciplines (8D)/ 9 Steps (9S). Dans ces méthodes, la généralisation et la réutilisation des connaissances sont facilitées par la standardisation. Cependant, les standards ayant tendance à contraindre fortement les processus, il est parfois difficile de réagir face à des évènements imprévus ou même de s’écarter pour mieux répondre aux besoins. Ainsi, le besoin de processus de résolution de problèmes suffisamment structurés mais pas sur-contraints par des standards apparaît. Un tel processus doit pouvoir être reconfiguré et adapté à des situations inattendues et se baser sur des méthodes de retour d’expérience. Cette thèse décrit la proposition d’un processus agile de résolution de problèmes guidé par le retour d’expériences et les connaissances. A cet effet, le cycle de vie d’un processus agile de résolution de problèmes, basé sur les principes du Case-Based Reasoning (CBR), est proposé. Au travers des cinq étapes d’un cycle de vie agile, le processus peut être défini, réalisé et stocké dans des bases d’expériences et de connaissances spécifiques à des fins de réutilisation. L’application du modèle à un processus de résolution de problèmes dans une entreprise de traitement de surface est présentée. Le processus est analysé en déployant le cycle de vie agile. Il est montré comment la méthode standard de résolution de problèmes utilisée au sein de l’entreprise peut devenir plus agile grâce à l’application de notre méthode. / In order to survive to the unstable and highly changing market-place, modern organisations need to adapt their business processes to be more agile. Such is, particularly, the case of problem solving processes. Problem solving is a key activity that companies perform on a daily basis to improve quality and to obtain sustainable and continuous improvement. Such processes are built following standard rigid frameworks as Plan, Do, Check, Act (PDCA), Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve, Control (DMAIC), or 8 Disciplines (8D)/ 9 Steps (9S). In these methods, the generalization and reuse of knowledge is facilitated by standardization. However, it is sometimes difficult to react to unexpected events due to over-constrained standards. Then, a need arises to define a problem solving process sufficiently structured but not over constrained by standards, which can be reconfigured and adapted to unexpected situations, and that is based on experience feedback principles. This thesis work describes a proposition of an agile problem solving process driven by the reuse of experiences and knowledge. For this purpose, based on Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) principles, the complete lifecycle of an agile problem solving process is proposed. Following the five steps that compose the agile lifecycle, the agile process can be defined, executed and stored in a dedicated knowledge and experience base. An application of the model to a specific problem solving process of a surface treatment company is presented. The process is analysed, deploying the complete agile lifecycle. It is shown how the standard problem solving method used within the company could become more agile through the application of our method.

La Résolution de Problèmes est l'un des piliers des stratégies d'amélioration continue des entreprises. Dans ce cadre, un certain nombre des méthodes ont réussi à démontrer son efficacité pour adresser des problèmes particulièrement complexes. Parmi ces méthodes, on peut distinguer le PDCA, le DMAICS, le 7Steps et le 8D/9S. Pourtant, l'apparition des réseaux distribuées de partenaires, ainsi que le positionnement du concept d'entreprise étendue, ont obligé les entreprises à aller au-delà de ses frontières pour travailler en synergie avec tous les partenaires en amont et en aval de sa chaîne. Dans ce contexte, l'efficacité de ces méthodes de résolution des problèmes a été fortement impactée. Ceci car non seulement les problèmes, mais aussi les produits, les partenaires, les ressources et l'information nécessaires pour sa résolution sont extrêmement fragmentés et décentralisés. Cette thèse s'intéresse donc à la résolution collaborative de problèmes au sein des chaînes distribuées de partenaires et son objectif est de proposer un processus et une méthodologie adaptés à ces contextes. Les propositions faites prennent en compte les aspects techniques (e.g. la modélisation des flux et la configuration de la chaîne) ainsi que les aspects collaboratifs (e.g. le niveau de confiance et/ou le rapport de pouvoir entre les partenaires) que conditionnent l'opération et l'efficacité du réseau. Finalement, cette thèse s'intéresse à l'articulation d'un système de retour d'expérience dans la résolution de problèmes distribués afin d'améliorer son efficacité. / The Problem Solving Process is a central element of the firms' continuous improvement strategies. In this framework, a number of approaches have succeeded to demonstrate their effectiveness to tackle industrial problems. The list includes, but is not limited to PDCA, DMAICS, 7Steps and 8D/9S. However, the emergence and increasing emphasis in the supply chains have impacted the effectiveness of those methods to solve problems that go beyond the boundaries of a single firm and, in consequence, their ability to provide solutions when the contexts on which firms operate are distributed. This can be explained because not only the problems, but also the products, partners, skills, resources and pieces of evidence required to solve those problems are distributed, fragmented and decentralized across the network. This PhD thesis deals with the solving of industrial problems in supply chains based in collaboration. It develops a general framework for studying this paradigm, as well as both a generic process and a collaborative methodology able to deal with the process in practice. The proposal considers all the technical aspects (e.g. products modeling and network structure) and the collaborative aspects (e.g. the trust decisions and/or the power gaps between partners) that simultaneously impact the supply chain operation and the jointly solving of problems. Finally, this research work positions the experiential knowledge as a central lever of the problem solving process to contribute to the continuous improvement strategies at a more global level.

Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le champ de la sécurité des organisations. Son objet concerne le développement d’une culture de sécurité, avec comme postulat le fait que la sécurité se fait avec la participation des travailleurs de tous niveaux hiérarchiques de l’organisation. Une recherche fondée sur ce principe a été conduite au sein de deux entreprises de distribution d’énergie en France. Comme beaucoup d’autres, ces entreprises sont axées sur une culture managériale de la sécurité où la sur-procéduralisation, le contrôle des « mauvais comportements » et les sanctions prennent le pas sur le travail réel. Comme conséquence, on constate le développement du « silence organisationnel », les travailleurs étant conduits à ne plus remonter les difficultés ou contradictions vécues sur le terrain, ou à remonter des situations à faible impact. Le retour d’expérience se trouve donc affaibli, voire inefficace. Pour gérer le silence organisationnel et ses conséquences, cette recherche a expérimenté des espaces de débat sur le travail réel entre salariés relevant de différents échelons de l’entreprise. Dès que certaines conditions sont respectées, ces espaces peuvent apporter de nombreuses contributions pour les personnes concernées et pour l’organisation locale. Pour qu’ils soient durables, il faut que ses membres disposent d’un certain pouvoir d’agir pour régler certaines des situations débattues localement, et qu’ils puissent communiquer avec d’autres espaces lorsque les ressources locales s’avèrent insuffisantes. Ainsi, les espaces de débat ne doivent pas être isolés au sein des échelons hiérarchiques, mais doivent être interconnectés en vue de définir le pouvoir d’agir et l’autonomie de chacun d’entre eux. Cette réflexion met en lumière le principe de subsidiarité, qui nous enseigne que chaque situation doit être traitée au niveau pertinent le plus bas de l’organisation. Cette thèse défend donc l’idée que pour traiter le silence organisationnel et développer une culture de sécurité, il est nécessaire de développer le « débat structuré sur le travail » – ou des espaces de débat organisés par le principe de subsidiarité – dans différents échelons de l’entreprise. Quelles sont les contributions réelles du débat structuré sur le travail ? Et ses conditions de mise en place ? Autant de questions auxquelles cette thèse tente de répondre par la construction de dispositifs de débat au sein de l’organisation et par une analyse fine du contenu des ces débats. Les résultats remettent en cause la vision classique de la sécurité basée sur des analyses centrées uniquement sur les situations conflictuelles passées, pour mettre en lumière l’articulation entre l’expérience passée, le débat actuel et les situations futures probables. L’approche mise en oeuvre au cours de ces 3 années a permis de développer une organisation plus résiliente, c’est-à-dire une organisation capable de maintenir un état stable en dépit des perturbations inhérentes à tout système de travail. Cette recherche nous invite à repenser la manière de manager les organisations actuelles. Même si le point de départ de la recherche concernait des questions de sécurité, le développement du débat structuré sur le travail a permis dans le même temps de traiter des questions de santé des travailleurs, de qualité du travail et de performance du système. / This thesis concerns the safety of work organizations. Its purpose is the development of a safety culture, with the postulate that safety must be done with the participation of workers of all levels of the organization. A research based on this principle was conducted in two companies of energy distribution in France. Like many others, these companies are focused on a managerial safety culture where over-proceduralization, control of "bad behavior" and sanctions prevail over the real work. As a consequence, we notice the development of the "organizational silence", workers being led not to report difficulties or contradictions experienced on the field, or to report low-impact situations. Experience feedback is thus weakened or ineffective.To manage this organizational silence and its consequences, this research experimented work debate spaces between workers belonging to different levels of the company. When certain conditions are met, these spaces may have many benefits for the concerned persons and for the local organization. In order to be sustainable, it is necessary that its members have some power to act to manage some of the situations discussed locally, and that they can communicate with other spaces when local resources are insufficient. Thus, work debate spaces should not be isolated in hierarchical levels, but must be interconnected to define the power to act and autonomy of each. This highlights the principle of subsidiarity, which teaches us that each situation should be managed at the lowest appropriate level of the organization. This thesis argues that to manage organizational silence and develop a safety culture, it is necessary to develop a "structured work debate" - or debate spaces organized according to the principle of subsidiarity - in different levels of the company. What are the effective contributions of structured work debate? And its conditions of implementation? These are questions that this thesis attempts to answer by the construction of debate devices within the organization and the detailed analysis of the content of the discussions. The results question the classic view of safety based on analyzes focused only on past situations of conflict, to highlight the link between past experience, the current debate and the likely future situations. The approach implemented during these three years led to develop a more resilient organization, i.e. an organization able of maintaining a stable functioning despite the disturbances inherent to any system of work. This research invites us to rethink the way of managing current organizations. Although the starting point of the research concerned safety issues, the development of a structured work debate allowed at the same time to deal with issues of workers' health, quality of work and performance of the system.

Byggbranschen står inför ett generationsskifte och en industrialisering. Produktivitetsutvecklingen har varit låg i jämförelse med tillverkningsindustrin vilket är ett tecken på att nya arbetssätt och metoder behöver utvecklas. VeidekkeMAX är ett koncept som riktar sig att bemöta detta problem. I och med ett mer industrialiserat arbetssätt öppnas möjligheten att utarbeta en struktur för en fungerande erfarenhetsåterföring. Målet med det här examensarbetet är att utvärdera arbetet med och hanteringen av den tekniska erfarenhetsåterföringen inom konceptet VeidekkeMAX. Analysen av insamlad data visade att det genomförs en erfarenhetsåterföring på de projekt som undersökts i detta arbete. Erfarenheterna skickas därefter in och behandlas centralt där de sammanställs och en lösning arbetas fram. Problematiken idag är att de dokumenterade erfarenheterna inte används. Vidare framkom flera problemområden som påverkar erfarenhetsåterföringen där avsaknaden av en tydlig struktur och tydliga rutiner anses som det mest avgörande. Ytterligare påverkande faktorer är den bristfälliga feedbacken tillbaka till projekten och avsaknaden av resurser i den centrala organisationen. Viktiga framgångsfaktorer för en fungerande erfarenhetsåterföring är att det finns en tydlig struktur och tydliga rutiner som samtliga är väl införstådda med. Det är även viktigt att inom företaget ha en kultur som uppmanar och uppmuntrar medarbetarna att prioritera erfarenhetsåterföringsarbetet. Veidekke bör prioritera arbetet med bland annat rutiner och struktur, ta fram personliga- och gruppincitament samt utarbeta en metod för spridning av positiva erfarenheter då erfarenhetsåterföring är starkt förknippat med problem och negativa upplevelser. / The construction industry is facing a change-of-generation and an industrialisation. At the same time the productiondevelopment has been very low compared to the manufacturing industry over the past years. This indicates that new methods of work is needed. This is something the concept VeidekkeMAX is trying to address. With a more industrialized method of work the possibility of a functional experiance feedback is created. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to evaluate how VeidekkeMAX is managing and working with the technical experiences. The analysis done by collected data shows that expericne feedback is being done by the reviewed projects. This is then being processed by the headquarter and a final solution is assessed. The major problem today is the fact that the collected experineces is not used in coming projects. The lack of a clear framework and rutines regarding the working method of experience feedback is a major problem area. Other factors affecting this matter is the low amount of feedback to the ongoing projects and the inadequate amount of resources  within the headquarter. It is important to have a clear framework and rutines to achieve a succussfull expericence feedback. The company needs to have an organizational culture that encourage the employees to practis and prioritate the work with experience feedback. Veidekke should create a clear framework and rutines, find personal- and groupincentives and develope a method to spread positive experiences since experiense feedback is strongly conected with negative experienes and problems.

Detta examensarbete har gjorts i samarbete med JM Entreprenad som är ett helägt dotterbolag till JM AB. JM AB är ett av Sveriges största byggföretag. Arbetet har gått ut på att hjälpa JM Entreprenad Region Hus med att undersöka hur erfarenhetsåterföringen mellan Kalkylavdelningen och produktion ser ut samt att komma med förslag till förbättringar. Erfarenhetsåterföring handlar om att samla in och återanvända de erfarenheter och kunskaper som kommer från olika delar av organisationen för att sedan ha dessa som utgångspunkt för förbättringar av det framtida arbetet. Det finns i nuläget inga fastslagna rutiner för hur denna erfarenhetsåterföring skall genomföras vilket är en stor brist i organisationen. För att förändra detta bör företaget sträva efter att bli en lärande organisation och skapa tydliga rutiner för hur detta arbete skall läggas upp. / This thesis has been done in collaboration with JM Entreprenad, a wholly owned subsidiary of JM AB. JM AB is one of Sweden's largest construction companies. The task has been to assist JM Entreprenad Region Hus with an investigation concerning how the experience feedback between Calculus Department and Production is working and to make suggestions for improvements. Experience feedback comprises collecting and reusing the experience and knowledge which comes from different parts of the organization and to use this knowledge as a basis for improvement of future work. There is currently no established procedures for how this experience feedback shall be carried out which is a shortcoming in the organization. To change this, the company should strive to become a learning organization and establish clear procedures for how this work shall be organized.

Byggbranschen har blivit kritiserad för att vara en bransch där tidspress och underprioriterad syn på lärande varit ett hinder för erfarenhetsåterföring. Rapportens syfte är att objektivt studera erfarenhetsåterföring inom Midroc Entreprenad för att om möjligt utläsa huruvida önskad, kontra faktisk erfarenhetsåterföring sker idag samt ge förbättringsförlag. För att göra detta har en teoretisk grund lagts med utgångspunkt i litterära studier inom kunskapsöverföring, lärande och erfarenhetsåterföring. Analys är underbyggd i intervjuer och enkätundersökning utförda på Midroc Entreprenad. Det finns få direktiv för hur erfarenhetsåterföring bör genomföras bara att det ska göras efter avslutat projekt, vilket efterföljs. De lärdomar som diskuteras vid avslut förmedlas till stor del muntligt, därav har förslag till dokumentation och annan distribuering lagts fram. Eftersom byggprojekt fortlöper under långa tidsperioder bör mindre utvärderingar äga rum under entreprenaden för att tillvarata lärdomar som annars glöms bort. Denna feedback bör ges när den är aktuell, därav orimligt att ge korrekt sådan i senare skede. En vilja att påverka erfarenhetsåterföringen finns, men hinns inte riktigt med. Merparten av de anställda upplever en öppenhet inom organisationen och känner samhörighet med sina medarbetare. Detta stämmer väl överens med det som organisationen eftersträvar och är en förutsättning för lyckad erfarenhetsåterföring. / The construction industry has been criticised of being a trade where time pressure and a deprioritised view of learning is an obstacle for experience feedback. The purpose of this thesis is to present an objective survey of the experience feedback within Midroc Entreprenad to verify whether the experience feedback wanted is equal to the actual and to provide suggestion for improvement. To enable this, a theoretical study has been done on knowledge forwarding, learning and experience feedback. Interviews and questionnaire on Midroc Entreprenad have been used for the analysis of this thesis. There are few directives for the process of experience feedback on the company, only that it is to be done at the end of a project, which is fulfilled. The lessons learned that are discussed are mainly orally transferred, therefore a proposition for documenting and distributing these has been presented. There should be several evaluations during a building project due to its severe duration in time, to reduce the risk of lessons learned being forgotten. This feedback should be given instantaneously and proper feedback is therefore unreasonable to give at a later stage. There is a will to influence to the experience feedback, but time is not enough. A majority of the employees experience openness and belonging within the organisation. This concurs with what the organisation aims at and is a prerequisite to sustain successful experience feedback.

Ett flertal studier har under åren gjorts kopplade till ämnet erfarenhetsåterföring vilket belyserbetydelsen för ett sådan arbete i branschen. Företag besitter en mängd kunskaper ocherfarenheter som är viktiga att utnyttja för att förebygga återkommande kvalitetsbrister ochmisstag. Problemet är att bygg- och anläggningsarbeten är levande arbetsplatser därförutsättningar hela tiden förändras. Detta medför en problematik vad gäller tillvaratagande ochanvändning av erfarenheter i ett projekt som sedan kan användas i ett annat. Om etttillfredställande erfarenhetsåterföringsarbete tillämpas medför det kostnadsbesparingar ochföretaget ökar sin konkurrenskraft.Rapporten syftar till att undersöka hur ett anläggningsföretag arbetar med erfarenhetsåterföring.För att kunna frambringa förbättringsförslag krävs en uppfattning för vad som fungerar brarespektive mindre bra. Genom intervjuer med tjänstepersoner på företaget möjliggjordes enförståelse kring arbetet i dagsläget. Utöver det skickades en enkätundersökning ut för attkomplettera med ytterligare information. Vidare fortlöpte litteraturstudier under hela arbetetsgång.Undersökningen visar att erfarenhetsåterföring är något som företaget prioriterar högt, menfrämst av ledande roller. Vetskapen om outnyttjade erfarenheter som kan tas tillvara på finnsoch det är ett arbete vars betydelse behöver få större spridning. Arbetet är komplicerat ochtidskrävande men medarbetare visar intresse för ett sådant arbete så länge förutsättningar ges.För att erfarenhetsåterföring ska fungera krävs ett rutinmässigt arbete. Erfarenheter behöverdokumenteras oftare än vad som görs i dagsläget. Förutsättningar i form av tid är en nyckelfaktorför ett väl fungerande erfarenhetsåterföringssystem. Därutöver behöver alla erfarenheter lagrasi någon form av databas. Erfarenheterna i databasen behöver vara tydligt kategoriserad, ensökfunktion bör med fördel finnas som gör det enkelt att hitta information och databasen skavara tillgänglig för alla. / Over the years, several studies have been related to the subject of experience feedback, whichhighlights how important such work is in the industry. Companies possess a wealth ofknowledge and experience that is important to utilize which prevent recurring qualitydeficiencies and mistakes. The problem is that construction sites are workplaces whereconditions are constantly changing. This entails a problem in terms of utilization and use ofexperience in one project which can then be used in another. If satisfactory work with experiencefeedback is applied, it leads to cost savings and the company increases its competitiveness.This essay aims to study how a construction company works with experience feedback. Toproduce improvements, an idea of what works and what doesn't, is required. Through interviewswith employees at the company, an understanding of the current situation was made possible.In addition, a survey was sent to supplement with additional information. Furthermore, literaturestudies continued throughout the project.The survey shows that experience feedback is something that the company gives high priorityto, but mainly by the senior management. The knowledge of unused experience that can beutilized exists and its significance needs to be more widely disseminated. The work iscomplicated and time-consuming, but if the right conditions are provided to the organization'semployees chances are they will show interest in such work.For experience feedback to operate, routine work is required. Experiences need to bedocumented more frequently than in the current situation. Conditions in the form of time are akey factor for a well-functioning experience feedback system. In addition, all experiences needto be stored in some form of database. The experiences in the database need to be clearlycategorized, there should be a search function that makes it easy to find information and thedatabase should be accessible to everyone.

The function of safety reviews (here understood as expert judgements on proposals for design modifications and redesign of technical systems in commercial Nuclear Power Plants, supported by formalised safety review processes) plays a fundamental role for safety in nuclear installations. The primary aims of the presented case studies includes: critically examining and identifying the main areas for improvement of the existing technical safety review process as it is conducted at a Swedish nuclear power plant, developing a new process, and evaluating whether any improvements were accomplished. By using qualitative methods, observation/participation and interviews, data has been gathered on how the safety review process is perceived and conducted by experts involved in the safety review process, and ways to improve this process have been developed. This area is neglected in the larger safety literature. The novel approach here is to gather data directly from those involved in the safety review process, analysis of safety review reports as well as from inspection reports by the regulatory authority. The study presented in paper I shows that the partition between primary and independent review is positive, having supplementary roles with different focus and staff with different skills and perspectives making the reviews. The study identifies a number of areas for improvement, such as: - a tendency to put too much resource on minor assignments - a clearer prioritization would improve focus on the most critical projects - there is a need for improved guidance and direction for how to structure the work It is argued that future applications of safety review processes should focus more on communicating and clarifying the process and its adherent requirements, and improve the feedback system within the process. It is also recommended that the NPPs create introductory training for new reviewers The study presented in paper II concluded that grading of the primary safety review reports facilitates improved experience feedback by providing easier access to good examples for reviewers. Improvements identified by implementing the revised process are primarily linked to the independent safety review function, including better planning and means for resource allocation as well as clearer and more unambiguous supporting instructions. Introduction of formalized independent review meetings provides increased exchange of knowledge and strengthened the independent safety review function in the organization. / <p>QC 20130305</p>