Dans le secteur aéronautique, la performance des alliages d’aluminium connait une amélioration continue, grâce notamment à l’optimisation des procédés d’élaboration. Dans ce cadre, le travail de recherche vise à prédire le comportement des inclusions dans un bain d’aluminium brassé par induction afin d’améliorer la propreté inclusionnaire des alliages coulés. Un modèle numérique a été développé pour simuler le comportement magnétohydrodynamique du bain d’aluminium dans le creuset suivi par la modélisation du comportement d’une population d’inclusions non-métalliques. Le modèle 2D axisymétrique en régime transitoire s’appuie sur le code de CFD commercial ANSYS Fluent, bien que de nombreuses fonctions utilisateurs aient été introduites pour simuler les phénomènes spécifiques comme l’induction électromagnétique et la résolution des bilans de population. Le modèle MHD résout dans un unique maillage les phénomènes d’induction électromagnétiques, l’écoulement turbulent du bain d’Al, la déformation de la surface libre et les effets de la présence d’une couche de métal oxydée en surface du bain. Une méthode dite de vitesse de glissement (entre les particules et le fluide) a été choisie pour simuler à la fois le transport macroscopique des inclusions dans le bain d’Al et les interactions mésoscopique entre les inclusions (c.à.d. les mécanismes d’agrégation et de fragmentation). Des campagnes expérimentales à l’échelle d’un four de laboratoire et d’une installation industrielle accompagnent le travail numérique pour le valider. Les résultats de modélisation MHD exprimés sous la forme du profil de déformation du bain sont en accord raisonnable avec les mesures faites au laboratoire. Les résultats numériques démontrent également l'effet du frottement induit par la couche d'oxyde sur le profil du bain, ainsi que sur l'écoulement à proximité de la surface du dôme. Pour des conditions opératoires du four industriel en mode de maintien, l’évolution temporelle de la population au sein du bain est calculée. Il apparaît que la séparation magnétique est très intense, particulièrement dans la peau électromagnétique, et est ainsi responsable du transport et de la capture d’une grande fraction de la population d’inclusions à la paroi du four. / With an objective of improving processing and development of aerospace aluminum alloys, the current dissertation presents experimental and numerical tools which help comprehend the behavior of a non-metallic inclusion population in an Al bath stirred by induction. The mechanisms occurring in the metallurgical reactor were separated into two interlinked issues – (i) Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) of the induction furnace, and (ii) Inclusion population dynamics in the Al bath, which were modeled using the ANSYS Fluent software and in-house User Defined Functions. For a 2D axisymmetric geometry, numerical simulations were performed in a single framework and calculated: (i) the electromagnetic forces using the A-V formulation, (ii) the free surface deformation using the Volume Of Fluid method, (iii) the turbulent stirring of the bath using a RANS-based k-omega model and (iv) the friction force due to the oxide layer by imposing a pseudo-wall condition on the bath free surface. The steady state MHD results and the physical properties of the inclusion population were used as input data for the transient inclusion behavior modeling. A combination of the Drift Concentration Method and the Population Balance Method was developed to respectively model the mean transport of inclusions within the bath at the macroscopic scale and the inclusion interactions (turbulent aggregation and fragmentation) at the mesoscopic scale. The performance of the MHD numerical tool was evaluated by comparing the model results with experimental results at laboratory and industrial scales. The simulation results in the form of the average bath surface profile were found to be consistent with the laboratory measurements. The results also illustrated the impact of the friction due to the oxide layer on the bath surface deformation as well as on the flow near the dome interface. The inclusion behavior simulations were performed for the holding mode operation of an industrial IMF. The deduced removal frequency compared the relative importance of each phenomenon. It was found that the electromagnetic migration, especially in the electromagnetic skin, dominates the inclusion dynamics and is responsible for the capture of a large fraction of the inclusion population.

The aim of this thesis is examination and verification of numeric model for solving acoustics and vibration problems. Specifically, we are speaking about cast iron plate machined from gearbox. Main objectives of this work is set of experimental and numerical analysis at this simplified part with follow-up numerical model, where same analyses examining not only structure, but especially acoustic space around were performed. Due to this we were able to compare data between experimental and numerical analyses and to be able to prove or disprove functionality and limitation of numerical model.

Master´s thesis deals with some problems associated with utilisation of lightweight concrete from the porous aggregates in the load – carrying structures. The thesis focuses on the possibilities of the increase of the cement composites toughness using dispersed reinforcement. Lightweight concretes were reinforced with a combination of different lengths of polypropylene fibers Forta Ferro. There were used polypropylene fibers of three lengths 19, 38, 54 mm. The thesis is divided into theoretical, experimental and static part.

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a debilitating personality disorder that impacts anywhere between 1% to 5% of Americans. Studies claim that women are significantly more at risk than men to suffer from this disorder and may experience stronger symptoms. Previous research has found that victims of childhood abuse such as sexual abuse, physical abuse, and neglect are more at risk for developing Borderline Personality Disorder as adults, particularly when abuse is paired with genetic susceptibility. Some researchers claim that there are no detectable racial differences in Borderline Personality Disorder, but previous studies often have very small sample sizes taken from clinical patients. To examine the sociological patterns of BPD diagnosis with a representative population sample, data was analyzed from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions to examine gender, race, and childhood abuse as predictors. Results show that racial minority status is actually a stronger predictor than gender. Examining intersectional effects shows that black women and Native American men have significantly elevated risks for BPD in adulthood. Overall, a history of sexual and emotional abuse are the most significant driving factors of BPD, regardless of race and gender.

Several alternative ways of producing energy came up as the world took conscience of the finite availability of fossil fuels and the environmental consequences of its use and processing. Wave and tidal energy are among the so called green energies. Wave energy converters have been under research for the past two decades and yet there hasn’t been one technology that gathered everyone’s acceptance as being the most suitable one. The present work is focused on a self-rectifying turbine for wave energy harnessing. It’s a self-rectifying biplane Wells with an intermediate stator. The main goal is to evaluate the performance of such a turbine. Two different analyses were performed: experimental and computational. The experimental tests were made so that efficiency, velocity profiles and loss coefficients could be calculated. To do so scaled-down prototypes were built from scratch and tested experimentally. The 3D numerical analysis was possible by using a CFD commercial code: Fluent 6.3. Several simulations were performed for different flow coefficients. Three different degrees of mesh refinement were applied and k-ε turbulence model was the one chosen to simulate the viscous behavior of the flow through the turbine. A steady-state analysis is due and two mixing planes were used at the interfaces between the rotors and the stator. In the end comparisons are made between the experimental and numerical results

<p>U ovoj disertaciji, izvršena su teorijska i eksperimentalna istraživanja dinamičkog onašanja jezgra visokih zgrada. Model je zasnovan na Vlasovoj teoriji tankozidnih nosača, kao i na metodi prenosnih matrica. Jezgro se tretira kao tankozidni nosač otvorenog poprečnog preseka, koji je na dnu uklješten u temeljnu ploču, dok je na vrhu&nbsp; slobodan.&nbsp; Duž&nbsp; ose&nbsp; smicanja,&nbsp; jezgro&nbsp; je&nbsp; podeljeno&nbsp; na&nbsp; čvorove&nbsp; u&nbsp; nivoima spratova&nbsp; u&nbsp; kojima&nbsp; su&nbsp; redukovane&nbsp; mase.&nbsp; Poseban&nbsp; naglasak&nbsp; je&nbsp; stavljen&nbsp; na&nbsp; analizu uticaja poprečnih greda, međuspratnih ploča, kao i načinu oslanjanja međuspratnih ploča po spoljašnjoj konturi na dinamičke karakteristike jezgra. Razvijeni&nbsp; numerički&nbsp; postupak&nbsp; je&nbsp; primenjen&nbsp; na&nbsp; armiranobetonskom&nbsp; jezgru petnaestospratne zgrade, koja je analizirana ranijeu radovima mnogih autora. U tu svrhu korišćen je računarski program TWBEIG, napisan primenom Visual Fortran programskog jezika. Analize su urađene i MKE, a dobijeni rezultati su upoređeni. Vrednosti sopstvenih frekvencija pokazuju dobro slaganje.<br />Ovaj rad daje detalje i o eksperimentalnoj studiji&nbsp; u kojoj se primenjuje pleksiglas model u cilju pružanja eksperimentalnih podataka zaproveru tačnosti i pouzdanosti numeričkih&nbsp; rezultata.&nbsp; Dobijeni&nbsp; rezultati&nbsp; su&nbsp; takođe&nbsp; upoređeni&nbsp; sa&nbsp; rezultatima dobijenim TWBEIG računarskim programom, kao i MKE.<br />Predstavljeni&nbsp; numerički&nbsp; metod&nbsp; nudi&nbsp; solidnu&nbsp; osnovu&nbsp; za&nbsp; formiranje&nbsp; jednostavnog modela&nbsp; proračuna,&nbsp; a&nbsp; ipak&nbsp; obezbeđuje&nbsp; odgovarajući&nbsp; nivo&nbsp; preciznosti.&nbsp; Predloženi postupak&nbsp; može&nbsp; biti&nbsp; korišćen&nbsp; i&nbsp; u&nbsp; fazi&nbsp; prethodne&nbsp; analize&nbsp; zgrade,&nbsp; kao&nbsp; i&nbsp; u&nbsp; fazi konačnog projektovanja.</p> / <p>In this dissertation, a theoretical and experimental study of the dynamic behaviour<br />of&nbsp; the&nbsp; tall&nbsp; buildings&nbsp; core&nbsp; was&nbsp; carried&nbsp; out.&nbsp; The&nbsp; model&nbsp; is&nbsp; based&nbsp; on&nbsp; the&nbsp; Vlasov&#39;s<br />theory of thin-walled beams and the transfer matrixmethod. The core is treated as<br />a thin&nbsp; wall-walled, open cross section cantilever beam. Along the shear axis the<br />core&nbsp; is&nbsp; divided&nbsp; into&nbsp; nodes,&nbsp; in&nbsp; the&nbsp; level&nbsp; of&nbsp; the&nbsp; floors,&nbsp; in&nbsp; which&nbsp; the&nbsp; masses&nbsp; are<br />reduced.&nbsp; Special&nbsp; emphasis&nbsp; was&nbsp; given&nbsp; to&nbsp; the&nbsp; analysis of&nbsp; the&nbsp; influence,&nbsp; of&nbsp; lintel<br />beams,&nbsp; floor&nbsp; slabs,&nbsp; as&nbsp; well&nbsp; as&nbsp; the&nbsp; type&nbsp; of&nbsp; restraints&nbsp; along&nbsp; the&nbsp; outer&nbsp; edge&nbsp; of&nbsp; the<br />floor slabs, on the dynamic characteristics of the core.<br />The&nbsp; developed&nbsp; numerical&nbsp; procedure&nbsp; was&nbsp; applied&nbsp; to&nbsp; the&nbsp; fifteen-storey&nbsp; reinforced<br />concrete core tall building, analyzed previously inthe papers of many authors. For<br />this&nbsp; purpose,&nbsp; the&nbsp; computer&nbsp; program&nbsp; TWBEIG&nbsp; was&nbsp; used, written&nbsp; using&nbsp; Visual<br />Fortran programming language. The analyses were also performed with FEM and<br />subsequently the results were compared. The values&nbsp; of natural frequencies show<br />significant agreement. This&nbsp; paper&nbsp; presents&nbsp; details&nbsp; about&nbsp; the&nbsp; experimental&nbsp; study&nbsp; which&nbsp; applies&nbsp; the plexiglas model in order to provide experimental data to verify the accuracy and reliability of the numerical results. The results are also compared with the results obtained with the TWBEIG computer program, as well&nbsp; as with FEM. The values of frequencies show reasonable agreement.<br />The proposed numerical&nbsp; method offers a solid base&nbsp; for the creation of a&nbsp; simple<br />calculation model, yet provides the appropriate level of precision. It can be either<br />used for preliminary analysis or for the final design.</p>

The World Health Organization (WHO, 2016) reports that 3.2 million deaths per year are attributable to physical inactivity, making it the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality. Physical inactivity is also a key risk factor for noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes (WHO, 2018). Globally, 1 in 4 adults is not active enough and, therefore, foregoes a myriad of health benefits associated with Physical Activity (PA; WHO, 2018). In the United States, only about 1 in 5 (21%) adults meet the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines set by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2018). The CDC currently recommends adults engage in 150 min of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week (CDC, 2018). Translated to steps, the recommendation can be met by taking 3,000 steps in 30 min, 5 days per week (Marshall et al., 2009). Physical inactivity is also a major contributor to obesity (WHO, 2018). According to the WHO (2018), worldwide prevalence of obesity almost tripled since 1975. In the United States, the medical costs of obesity were estimated to be $147 billion, or 10% of all medical spending (Finkelstein, Trogdon, Cohen, & Dietz, 2009). To combat the many problems associated with physical inactivity, the CDC (2015), the WHO (2018), and the American Heart Association (2018) prescribe increased PA. Furthermore, increased PA contributes to a variety of other health benefits, including a decreased risk for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, some cancers, as well as improved mental health, and increased life expectancy (CDC, 2018).

The main objective of this thesis is the verification of the buckling strength of the composite compression members which were made from high-strength materials. This thesis is divided into four main chapters which are interconnected. The first chapter summarizes the current state of the problem of the compression members. The basis of this part is the elementary theories and researches, the task of this text is attempted to understand and obtain normative procedures which are important for practical use. The second part deals with the theoretical analysis of composite column, mainly with the examination of the individual effects on the buckling strength. The result of the first and the second parts is analytical algebraic equations which determine the buckling strength of the member. The third part contains the numerical analysis, which leads to create a numerical model of the compression column. The numerical model is used for the verification of the theoretical analysis and for the investigation of the behaviour of the column loaded by axial force. The last part deals with the experimental verification of the previous analyses. There are tested various types of the composite columns, which were made of steel with a yield strength up to 455 MPa and of the concrete with a cube compression strength up to 102 MPa. Experimental results confirmed the high reliability of centrally loaded column and every tested columns failed by flexural buckling. The final step is evaluation and comparison of the results obtained from previous four parts. It was founded that design criteria for centrally loaded steel-concrete column are too conservative and design relationships doesn´t use the positive properties of high-strength materials for economic design.

Transparent and subtle structures are features of modern architecture. Structural glass is constructional material that provides to realize architect's visions and ideas. Glass as a constructional material is more often used as a material for primary load-bearing structures. Realization of safe, reliable and economic glass structure is real challenge for structural engineers because of absence of standards for designing of glass members and elements. Compressed members (columns), bended members (beams) and members loaded by compression and bending (beam-columns) were analysed in the frame of the doctoral thesis whereby the emphasis is being placed on the lack of stability – flexural buckling, lateral-torsional buckling and flexural-lateral-torsional buckling. Measuring of shape and amplitude of initial geometrical imperfections is a part of doctoral thesis. The theoretical analysis describes the behaviour of the member by means of solving the differential equations. The solution according to the second order theory developed for metal members is applied on structural laminated glass members with use of effective cross-sectional characteristics. Numerical analysis is focused on the use of commonly available software based on finite element method in order to predict the load-bearing resistance of laminated glass members. Actual behaviour of laminated and monolithic structural glass members was found within experimental program. The correctness of FEM model and analytical solutions were evaluated by comparing with test results. The goal of the doctoral thesis was determine of buckling curves for calculation of flexural buckling and lateral-torsional buckling resistances by the same calculation procedure as for metal members. Because of small number of experimentally tested specimens the Monte Carlo simulation was performed.

[pt] Atualmente a utilização do aço inoxidável em elementos estruturais ainda é considerada por muitos engenheiros e arquitetos uma solução extravagante para os problemas da engenharia. Todavia, mudanças de atitude na construção civil e uma transição global para um desenvolvimento sustentável, e redução em impactos ambientais tem seguramente provocado um aumento no uso do aço inoxidável. A maioria das normas de projeto de aço inoxidável atuais ainda são baseadas em analogias assumidas com o comportamento de estruturas de aço carbono. Entretanto, o aço inoxidável apresenta quatro curvas tensão versus deformação específicas não lineares sem patamar de escoamento e região de encruamento claramente definidos (tração e compressão, paralela e perpendicular a direção de laminação), modificando assim seu comportamento global. Na presente investigação foram utilizados o aço inoxidável austenítico 304, duplex 2205, ferrítico 430 e o aço carbono USI 300, com tensões últimas e ductilidades distintas. Em elementos estruturais submetidos a esforços de tração usualmente a ruptura da seção líquida representa um dos estados limites últimos a serem verificados. Com o objetivo de se avaliar a resistência a tração de elementos estruturais aparafusados em aço inoxidável, esse trabalho apresenta resultados de um programa experimental envolvendo ligações aparafusadas com furos defasados sob tração. Esse estudo foi realizado em peças de aço carbono e aços inoxidáveis de forma a comparar as principais características mecânicas entre esses dois tipos de aços estruturais. Dessa forma foi possível apresentar novos resultados a respeito do comportamento a tração dessas ligações. Dentre outras variáveis que controlam os estados limites últimos foi verificada a influência significativa da espessura da placa de aplicação da carga, direção da laminação, configuração de parafusos da ligação e propriedades do aço inoxidável, como ductilidade e razão entre suas tensões de escoamento e de ruptura. / [en] The use of stainless steel in structural engineering applications is still seen by many architects and engineers as na extravagant solution. However, modifications of designers paradigms and changes in the construction market and the natural transition to a sustainable development reducing environment impacts have boosted the use of stainless steel structures. A substantial majority of stainless steel structural design codes is still based on carbon steel analogies. Despite this fact, the stainless steel presents foun non-linear stress versus strain curves (tension and compression, parallel and perpendicular to the rolling direction) without a defined yield plateau and strain hardening zones, substantially altering its global structural response. The present investigation adopted the austenitic stainless steel grade 304, duplex stainless steel grade 2205, ferritic stainless steel grade 430 and the carbon steel USI300, all with similar yield stresses but with different yield strength stresses and ductility capacities. Structural elements subjected to tension axial forces usually presents the net section rupture as one of its controlling ultimate limit states. The present study performed an experimental programme to evaluate and investigate the tension capacity of staggered bolted members. The tests were made with carbon and stainless steels to compare and access their similarities and differences in terms of structural performance. Thus it was possible to observe significant findings in the behavior of these bolted staggered members under tension forces. The controlling ultimate limit states were significantly influenced by various parameters like: the loading plate thickness, the rolling direction, adopted bolt configuration, and stainless steel properties like: ductility capacity and the ratio between the yield and ultimate rupture stresses.