A linguagem constitui tema de grande interesse para um estudo compreensivo dos fenômenos subjetivos. Na psicologia e em outras ciências humanas, são várias as abordagens que historicamente se dirigiram aos fenômenos linguísticos como âmbito central no esforço de compreensão precisa daqueles. Na psicologia contemporânea, a linguagem permanece enquanto tema de estudo privilegiado pois abarca, ao mesmo tempo, a ordem da produção de sentidos individuais e intersubjetivos, além de se apresentar enquanto sistema cultural e historicamente instituído. Articula, desta forma, o individual e o social, fenômenos da ordem do particular que remontam a um contexto cultural de subjetivação. Como parte de um esforço para compreender o objeto de estudo da psicologia a partir da filosofia de Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908 1961), propusemos que um estudo aprofundado da noção de linguagem que suas reflexões subsidiam poderá representar um passo relevante. Veremos que, já no debate com as ciências do comportamento e com a fisiologia clássica, nA Estrutura do Comportamento (1942), Merleau-Ponty realiza uma leitura de que, sem recorrer ao âmbito da consciência, é possível identificar um protótipo da atividade significativa já na relação do organismo vivo com seu meio. Posteriormente, ao voltar-se para a Fenomenologia da Percepção (1945), ponto central do projeto filosófico do autor, veremos de que maneira ele apresenta, em sua descrição da consciência perceptiva e da subjetividade corpórea, suas primeiras teses a respeito da linguagem, que têm como conceitos centrais o sentido gestual da fala e o caráter fundante da atividade expressiva em relação ao significado. Trata-se de propor que as operações de sentido se realizam através da própria expressão, e não que a expressão meramente traduz um sentido que lhe precede em pensamento. Acompanharemos os desenvolvimentos desta temática nos anos 1950, onde o diálogo com a linguística de Saussure dá novos contornos ao projeto de compreensão da linguagem, que vai do sentido gestual para o caráter diacrítico da língua enquanto sistema sedimentado através da fala. / Language presents a theme of great importance to the comprehensive study of subjectivity phenomena. In psychology, as well as in other human sciences, there are several schools of thought that historically approached the linguistic phenomena as a central scope in the effort to comprehend the cultural processes of subjectivation. In contemporary psychology, language remains a privileged field of study as it encompasses, at the same time, the orders of production of individual and intersubjective meaning, as well as presenting itself as historically instituted. Therefore, it articulates the individual and social spheres, phenomena of the personal order that remounts to a cultural context of subjectivation. As part of a larger effort to comprehend the object of study of psychology from the point of view of Maurice Merleau-Pontys (1908 1961) philosophy, we proposed an in-depth study of the notion of language as made possible by his reflections. We will see that, already in the discussion with the behavioral sciences and with classical physiology, in The Structure of Behavior (1942), Merleau-Ponty points out that even without resorting to an account of consciousness it is already possible to identify a prototypic signification activity in the relation between the living organism and its environment. Subsequently, in turning to the Phenomenology of Perception (1945), a central point in the author\'s philosophical project, we will see how he presents, on his description of perceptual consciousness and of embodied subjectivity, his first thesis about language itself, that are organized around the gestural meaning of speech and on the founding character of expression in relation to meaning. He proposed that meaning operations are carried out through expression itself, opposing the idea that expression acts as a mere translation of a meaning that precedes it in thought. We accompany the development of this theme in the 1950s, where the dialogue with saussurean linguistics gives new outlines to the project of comprehending language, that develops from the gestural meaning to the diacritic character of language as a system sedimented through speech.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:37:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paola Vieitas Vergueiro.pdf: 10489033 bytes, checksum: 69dc83c502c15cca288f448f803f62ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This exploratory study describes a plastic expressive technique applied to expression aphasics, victims of ischemic stroke in the left hemisphere. Describes the data handling and analysis method used in the research. Investigates the intervention results through case studies based on the clinical method and qualitative analysis, with the theoretical focus on jungian psychology. It uses tests before and after the intervention, such as external criterion. The personality test HTP, House-Tree-Person, shows consonant results with the ones observed on expressive process; the emotional perception test IAPS, International Affective Picture System and its response record system SAM, Self-Assessment Manikin, enables to launch hypothesis on the emotional transformation of participants; the EBIQ - European Brain Injury Questionnaire, offers substracts to discuss the transformation of the subjects own vision of their problems. Through the Collective Subject Discourse method, identifies stages of the expressive process with contents common to the group. The observed results signal the therapeutic worth of the proposed technique, and suggest that this mode of intervention can be useful in the aphasics rehabilitation process / Este estudo exploratório descreve uma técnica expressiva plástica aplicada a afásicos de expressão, vítimas de AVCI no hemisfério esquerdo. Descreve o método de tratamento e análise de dados utilizados na pesquisa. Investiga os resultados da intervenção realizando estudos de caso com base no método clínico e análise qualitativa, com enfoque teórico da psicologia junguiana. Utiliza testes antes e depois da intervenção, como critério externo. O teste de personalidade HTP, House-Tree-Person, aponta mudanças condizentes com as observadas no processo; o teste de percepção emocional IAPS, International Affective Picture System e seu sistema de registro de respostas SAM, Self-Assessment Manikin, auxilia a lançar hipóteses sobre a transformação emocional dos participantes; o EBIQ - European Brain Injury Questionnaire fornece substratos para discutir a transformação da visão dos sujeitos sobre seus próprios problemas. Mediante o método do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo identifica etapas do processo expressivo com conteúdos comuns ao grupo atendido. Os resultados observados assinalam o valor terapêutico da técnica proposta, e sugerem que esta forma de intervenção pode ser útil no processo de reabilitação de afásicos

Esta pesquisa objetiva verificar de que maneira os processos de derivação prefixal e sufixal são abordados por materiais didáticos utilizados atualmente no Ensino Funda-mental II e propor atividades que desenvolvem a competência lexical e a competência comunicativa do aluno aprendiz. Primeiramente, analisamos e descrevemos como os processos de formação de palavras são abordados em três materiais didáticos - Por-tuguês: linguagens, 6º ao 9º ano; Projeto Teláris: português: ensino fundamental, 6º ao 9º ano; Para viver juntos: português, 6º ao 9º ano -, obras sugeridas pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD) 2016, destinadas ao Ensino Fundamental II. Além disso, questionamos tanto as razões desse conteúdo estar presente majoritariamente no 9º ano, quanto o porquê de não explorarem satisfatoriamente a expressividade das criações lexicais. Percebemos que para se trabalhar com expressividade e com as-pectos semânticos, é necessário repensar as aulas de Língua Portuguesa, principal-mente no que diz respeito ao Ensino do Léxico, uma vez que esse estudo ainda parece estar marginalizado na sala de aula. A fim de mostrar ao professor a importância das discussões sobre processos de formação de palavras, em especial da prefixação e da sufixação, propusemos algumas atividades, por meio da análise de poemas de Ma-noel de Barros, que mostram que os elementos presentes na construção de unidades lexicais vão além das meras descrições normativas encontradas em livros didáticos e em gramáticas. O estudo dos afixos em neologismos presentes na poesia permite que se notem as questões de expressividade na formação de novas palavras. Na busca para se comprovar a importância desse aspecto dos estudos do Léxico, elaboramos e aplicamos exercícios para turmas do 6º ano, visto que consideramos indispensável abordar essa temática logo na série inicial do Ensino Fundamental II. O objetivo das atividades foi o de estimular a reflexão a respeito da importância e do significado das palavras formadas por prefixação e sufixação. Para tanto, voltamos nosso olhar para as construções inesperadas presentes na poética de Manoel de Barros, poeta que une prefixos e sufixos a bases de forma inesperada. Os alunos foram convidados a analisar o sentido desses prefixos e desses sufixos, bem como o significado da nova palavra para que pudessem constatar a questão da expressividade e perceber que as criações lexicais surgem tanto por necessidade quanto por questões estilísticas. Dessa forma, levando a poesia para a sala de aula, pretendemos mostrar aos alunos a importância de se compreender como as palavras são formadas e quais os signifi-cados das criações lexicais poéticas no contexto em que se inserem. / This research aims to verify how the prefixal and suffixal derivation processes are addressed by teaching materials currently used in junior high school and propose activities that develop lexical competence and communicative competence of the student. First, we analyze and describe how the word formation processes are addressed in three teaching materials - Portuguese: languages, 6th to 9th grade; Teláris project: Portuguese: high school, 6th to 9th grade; To live together: Portuguese, 6th to 9th grade - works suggested by the National Textbook Program (PNLD) in 2016, aimed at junior high school. Moreover, we question both the reasons why this content is present mainly in the 9th grade, and why not explore satisfactorily the expressiveness of lexical creations. We realize that to work with expressiveness and semantic aspects, it is necessary to rethink the Portuguese classes, especially with regard to the Lexicon of Education, since this study still seems to be marginalized in the classroom. In order to show the teacher the importance of discussions on formation processes of words, especially prefixing and suffixing, we proposed some activities through the analysis of Manoel de Barros poems, which show that the elements present in the construction of lexical units go beyond mere normative descriptions found in textbooks and grammars. The study of affixes in neologisms present in poetry allows one to notice the expression issues in the formation of new words. In the quest to prove the importance of this aspect of the Lexicon studies, we elaborated and applied exercises for classes of 6th year, as we consider necessary to address this issue at an early grade of high school. The aim of the activities was to encourage reflection about the importance and meaning of words formed by prefixing and suffixing. For that, we turn our gaze to the unexpected constructions in the poetics of Manoel de Barros, a poet who joins prefixes and suffixes to bases unexpectedly. The students were asked to analyze the meaning of these prefixes and suffixes, as well as the meaning of the new word so they could find the question of expressiveness and realize that the lexical creations arise both by necessity and stylistic issues. Thus, taking poetry to the classroom, we aim to show students the importance of understanding how words are formed and the meanings of lexical poetic creations in the context in which they operate.

A canção conta com o colorido das qualidades vocais de seus intérpretes, que através de diferentes sonoridades desempenham papel na expressividade e na construção de seu sentido. Dentre estas sonoridades estão as vozes-ruído, entendidas nesta pesquisa como qualidades vocais que apresentam ruído sonoro junto ao tom vocal. O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar os aspectos intrínsecos do som proveniente de tais vozes - características fisiológicas, acústicas, psicoacústicas e psicodinâmicas -, e propor um levantamento de categoria, investigando sua relação com a expressividade da voz cantada através de uma escuta analítica. O recorte desta pesquisa compreende o modelo de canto popular brasileiro, no repertório do samba-canção da década de 1950, nas vozes de Dalva de Oliveira, Ângela Maria, Dolores Duran e Maysa. Os resultados apontam para o papel das qualidades vocais das intérpretes na construção do sentido da canção, onde a voz-ruído e sua sonoridade antagônica ajudam a delinear um estado emotivo expresso pela letra, assim como sugerem a identificação das cantoras às vertentes estéticas do samba-canção vigentes no período estudado. / The song counts on the color of the voice qualities of its performers, who through different sonorities play a role in expressiveness and in the construction of its meaning. Among these sonorities are the noise voices, understood in this research as voice qualities that present sonorous noise next to the vocal tone. The present study aims to investigate the intrinsic aspects of the sound coming from such voices - physiological, acoustic, psychoacoustic and psychodynamic characteristics - and to propose a category survey, investigating its relation with the expressiveness of the singing voice through an analytic listening. This research includes the popular Brazilian singing model, in the repertoire of the samba-canção of the 1950s, in the voices of Dalva de Oliveira, Ângela Maria, Dolores Duran and Maysa. The results point to the role of the voice qualities of the performers in the construction of the meaning of the song, where the noise voice and its antagonistic sonority help to delineate an emotional state expressed by the lyrics, as well as suggest the identification of the singers to the aesthetic aspects of the samba-canção during the study period.

A canção conta com o colorido das qualidades vocais de seus intérpretes, que através de diferentes sonoridades desempenham papel na expressividade e na construção de seu sentido. Dentre estas sonoridades estão as vozes-ruído, entendidas nesta pesquisa como qualidades vocais que apresentam ruído sonoro junto ao tom vocal. O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar os aspectos intrínsecos do som proveniente de tais vozes - características fisiológicas, acústicas, psicoacústicas e psicodinâmicas -, e propor um levantamento de categoria, investigando sua relação com a expressividade da voz cantada através de uma escuta analítica. O recorte desta pesquisa compreende o modelo de canto popular brasileiro, no repertório do samba-canção da década de 1950, nas vozes de Dalva de Oliveira, Ângela Maria, Dolores Duran e Maysa. Os resultados apontam para o papel das qualidades vocais das intérpretes na construção do sentido da canção, onde a voz-ruído e sua sonoridade antagônica ajudam a delinear um estado emotivo expresso pela letra, assim como sugerem a identificação das cantoras às vertentes estéticas do samba-canção vigentes no período estudado. / The song counts on the color of the voice qualities of its performers, who through different sonorities play a role in expressiveness and in the construction of its meaning. Among these sonorities are the noise voices, understood in this research as voice qualities that present sonorous noise next to the vocal tone. The present study aims to investigate the intrinsic aspects of the sound coming from such voices - physiological, acoustic, psychoacoustic and psychodynamic characteristics - and to propose a category survey, investigating its relation with the expressiveness of the singing voice through an analytic listening. This research includes the popular Brazilian singing model, in the repertoire of the samba-canção of the 1950s, in the voices of Dalva de Oliveira, Ângela Maria, Dolores Duran and Maysa. The results point to the role of the voice qualities of the performers in the construction of the meaning of the song, where the noise voice and its antagonistic sonority help to delineate an emotional state expressed by the lyrics, as well as suggest the identification of the singers to the aesthetic aspects of the samba-canção during the study period.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:22:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Isaias Santos.pdf: 2870235 bytes, checksum: 967d62fb4678a813f7c66159db6f279f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work is situated in Acoustic Phonetics, Experimental, and a multidisciplinary work addresses issues related to the expressivity of speech through the speech of a poem and the emotions expressed by this phrase. For such uses the Acoustic Phonetics and the philosophy of Spinoza. We seek, therefore, quantitatively describe the lengths of units V-Vs, the minimum of f0, the maximum of f0, f0 and the extent of the breaks to investigate whether the expression of a poem by a professional actor would show gains in meaning to the poem. And qualitatively, the interaction between prosody and affections (emotions) described by Spinoza. The aim of this study is to verify through the expression of affections (emotions) acoustic parameters such as duration and f0 and pauses, which interact in the pursuit of linguistic and paralinguistic meanings. By hypothesis we have that the phrase of the poem gives it gains meaning. Thus, it is necessary to a wider range of analysis and prosodic patterns for analysis of the emotions expressed in speech. The parameters studied here, the expression of certain emotions, since diseases such as sadness are evidenced by the acoustic analysis and statistics. The dynamics of f0 suggests drama and meaning to the phrase gains of the poem.Thus, further studies are needed to confirm the evidence found in this work / Esta dissertação de mestrado se situa na Fonética Acústica Experimental, sendo um trabalho multidisciplinar aborda questões referentes à Expressividade da fala por meio da locução de um poema e das emoções expressas por meio desta locução. Para tanto recorre ao instrumental de laboratório da Fonética Acústica e da filosofia de Spinoza. Buscamos, portanto, descrever quantitativamente as durações de unidades V-Vs, o minimum de f0, o maximum de f0, a extensão de f0 e as pausas para investigar se a locução de um poema por um ator profissional mostraria ganhos de sentido ao poema. E qualitativamente, a interação prosódia e afecções (emoções) descritas por Spinoza. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar por meio da expressão de afecções (emoções) os parâmetros acústicos, como duração e f0 e as pausas, que interagiriam na busca dos sentidos linguísticos e paralinguísticos. Por hipótese temos que a locução do poema lhe confere ganhos de sentido. Desse modo, faz-se necessário uma gama maior de análises e de padrões prosódicos para análise das emoções expressas na fala. Os parâmetros aqui estudados privilegiam a expressão de certas emoções, uma vez que afecções como tristeza são evidenciadas pela análise acústica e estatística. A dinâmica do f0 indicia dramaticidade e ganhos de sentido à locução do poema. Desse modo, novos estudos são necessários para confirmar os indícios encontrados neste trabalho

Les environnements virtuels permettent de représenter des personnes par des humains virtuels ou avatars. Le sentiment de présence virtuelle entre utilisateurs est renforcé lorsque l’avatar ressemble à la personne qu’il représente. L’avatar est alors classiquement un clone de l’utilisateur qui reproduit son apparence et sa voix. Toutefois, la possibilité de cloner l’expressivité des gestes d’une personne a reçu peu d’attention jusqu’ici. Expressivité gestuelle combine le style et l’humeur d’une personne. Des paramètres décrivant l’expressivité ont été proposés dans des travaux antérieurs pour animer les agents conversationnels. Dans ce travail, nous nous intéressons à l’expressivité des mouvements du poignet. Tout d’abord, nous proposons des algorithmes pour estimer trois paramètres d’expressivité à partir des trajectoires dans l’espace du poignet : la répétition, l’étendue spatiale et l’étendue temporelle. Puis, nous avons mené une étude perceptive sur la pertinence de l’expressivité des gestes pour reconnaître des personnes. Nous avons animé un agent virtuel en utilisant l’expressivité estimée de personnes réelles, et évalué si des utilisateurs peuvent reconnaître ces personnes à partir des animations. Nous avons constaté que des gestes répétitifs dans l’animation constituent une caractéristique discriminante pour reconnaître les personnes, tandis que l’absence de répétition est associée à des personnes qui répètent des gestes ou non. Plus important, nous avons trouvé que 75% ou plus des utilisateurs peuvent reconnaître une personne (parmi deux proposée) à partir d’animations virtuelles qui ne diffèrent que par leurs étendues spatiales et temporelles. L’expressivité gestuelle apparaît donc comme un nouvel indice pertinent pour le clonage d’une personne / Virtual environments allow human beings to be represented by virtual humans or avatars. Users can share a sense of virtual presence is the avatar looks like the real human it represents. This classically involves turning the avatar into a clone with the real human’s appearance and voice. However, the possibility of cloning the gesture expressivity of a real person has received little attention so far. Gesture expressivity combines the style and mood of a person. Expressivity parameters have been defined in earlier works for animating embodied conversational agents.In this work, we focus on expressivity in wrist motion. First, we propose algorithms to estimate three expressivity parameters from captured wrist 3D trajectories: repetition, spatial extent and temporal extent. Then, we conducted perceptual study through a user survey the relevance of expressivity for recognizing individual human. We have animated a virtual agent using the expressivity estimated from individual humans, and users have been asked whether they can recognize the individual human behind each animation. We found that, in case gestures are repeated in the animation, this is perceived by users as a discriminative feature to recognize humans, while the absence of repetition would be matched with any human, regardless whether they repeat gesture or not. More importantly, we found that 75 % or more of users could recognize the real human (out of two proposed) from an animated virtual avatar based only on the spatial and temporal extents. Consequently, gesture expressivity is a relevant clue for cloning. It can be used as another element in the development of a virtual clone that represents a person

This study examined the association of the experience of emotion and somatic changes. The study compared reported somatic changes generally experienced when anxious with the actual association of the experience of emotion and somatic changes as measured during a specific event. Emotions were measured as both general negative emotion as well as specific emotions: anger, disgust, fear, sadness and shame. Participants were volunteers from a Victorian university who agreed to watch a video depicting the dramatisation of child abuse. Throughout the video, participants indicated their experience of emotion. Measures were also taken throughout the procedure of facial expression and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR). In order to examine emotional-congruence, subjects were divided into three groups. These groups were divided according to the congruence of subjects’ experienced emotion with autonomic changes and facial expressivity. Groups were divided separately for each of the emotion types. Where there was little difference between the reported experience of emotion and that, which would have been expected from the observed somatic changes, the subject was deemed to be in the Congruent Group. Subjects whose reported experience of emotion was greater or less than would be expected from observed somatic changes were allocated to the Over-reporter and Under-Reporter Groups respectively. This data was then compared to participants’ reports of the number of somatic symptoms usually experienced when anxious. It was found that participants who under-report the experience of general negative-emotion compared with their observed somatic changes (both GSR and facial expressivity) had lower trait-somatic-anxiety (reported fewer somatic symptoms usually experienced when anxious). There was no significant difference between the Congruent Group and Over-Reporter Group. The Under-Reporter Groups had significantly lower trait-somatic-anxiety than the Congruent Group when emotional-congruence was defined by fear and GSR, anger and GSR and sadness and facial expressivity. The actual association of shame and disgust with either somatic change, sadness with autonomic change and anger and fear with facial expressivity was unrelated to the number of somatic symptoms reported to be usually experienced when anxious. The results supported the idea that subjective reports of the number of somatic symptoms reported to be usually experienced when anxious reflect the actual association of somatic change and experience, but with limitations. The actual association of experience of fear with autonomic change seems to reflect the number of somatic symptoms reported to be usually experienced when anxious more than other emotions. Further for those for whom the experience of anger and negative-emotion has a greater association with somatic change, there was a greater number of somatic symptoms reported to be usually experienced when anxious. This would suggest that some people have a greater association of some experiences of emotion and somatic change. Furthermore, while there is an association between reported somatic changes generally experienced when anxious with the actual association of the experience of emotion and somatic changes as measured during a specific event, this was dependant on the association of the emotion types rather than being generalised for all emotions.

Variability of transgene expression levels resulting from gene silencing is considered as ahindrance to the successful application of plant genetic engineering. Towards alleviatinggene silencing, I decided to screen for novel genes involved in transgene silencing and toinvestigate how these genes regulate plant development. Genes encoding putative chromatinremodeling factors, especially those including a SET domain, were selected as candidatetargets. A bioinformatic analysis of the Arabidopsis SET genes (AtSET) was performed andthese genes were classified into 6 groups based on the domain architecture. RNA interference (RNAi) vectors were constructed for ~ 20 AtSET genes and wereintroduced into both wild type lines and transgenic lines silenced for a GFP reporter gene.Surprisingly, altered developmental phenotypes were only observed for three constructs,raising questions as to the effectiveness of the RNAi approach for the chosen Arabidopsissystem. To assess this situation, I targeted a phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene using the sameRNAi approach. Inactivation of PDS renders plant a readily identifiable phenotype. Whereasthe RNAi penetrance in Arabidopsis can be very high, the expressivity of RNAi in varioustissues and among different plants can vary dramatically. Contradictory to previous reports,I found that there is correlation between transcript level and silencing phenotype. Possiblereasons for this discrepancy are discussed. No apparent correlation between transgene copynumber and RNAi phenotypes was observed. Among the three RNAi constructs that caused an abnormal development inArabidopsis, K-23 which targets SuvR3 has the highest expressivity and could reactivate asilenced GFP locus. SuvR3 RNAi lines were selfed for six generations and were screenedfor morphological phenotypes. Abnormal number of flower organs, loss of viability of malegametophytes, and decreased seedling germination percentage were found in SuvR3 RNAilines. A progressive increase in both severity and frequency of abnormal phenotypes wereseen in subsequent generations, suggesting an epigenetic regulatory mechanism involvedwith SuvR3. Alternative splicing of SuvR3 was also observed in most of Arabidopsis tissues.One of the protein isoforms, SuvR3, lacks 16 amino acids within the highly conserved SETdomain. Possible effects of isoform interaction are proposed.

Desktop-based Windows, Icons, Menus and Pointers (WIMP) interfaces have changed very little in the last 30 years, and are still limited by a lack of powerful and expressive input devices and interactions. In order to make desktop interactions more expressive and controllable, expressive input mechanisms like pressure input must be made available to desktop users. One way to provide pressure input to these users is through a pressure-augmented computer mouse; however, before pressure-augmented mice can be developed, design information must be provided to mouse developers. The problem we address in this thesis is that there is a lack of ergonomics and performance information for the design of pressure-augmented mice. Our solution was to provide empirical performance and ergonomics information for pressure-augmented mice by performing five experiments. With the results of our experiments we were able to identify the optimal design parameters for pressure-augmented mice and provide a set of recommendations for future pressure-augmented mouse designs.