This dissertation examines the intersection of the prosecution of criminal justice, sexual morality and the family at the parlement of Paris, which was the highest court of appeal in France, during the height of its power and influence in the kingdom from 1564-1655. This dissertation argues that in its adjudication of the crimes of seduction, infanticide, adultery, and bigamy the parlement of Paris interpreted the law according to a paternal theory of state by prioritizing family integrity and patriarchal honour in its decisions. In so doing, it presents a unique synthesis of statute and published legal opinion with a systematic survey of judicial decisions, based on archival findings, relating to these sex crimes in early modern France. It concludes that these judicial decisions were ensconced in the concepts of family, the king’s justice, and sovereignty, which were foundational to the interconnected theories of state and society in early modern France. The parlement tended to separate elite and modest appellants according to the socio-economic priorities of lignage and ménage, or the protection of the integrity of elite lineages and the stability of artisanal households within broader networks of family and community. Ultimately, this study exposes the expectations and values that gendered authority placed on men and women in early modern French society, reveals the ways that the most powerful judges in France interpreted the law according to these values, and unveils the narratives that women and men crafted when they confronted these expectations before these powerful judges. In so doing, this dissertation sheds new light on the relationships between gender and the law, gender relations in state and society, and the lived experience of marriage in early modern France. / Graduate / 2022-08-09

Background: A younger age at onset of use of a specific substance is a well-documented risk-factor for a substance use disorder (SUD) related to that specific substance. However, the cross-substance relationship between a younger age at onset of alcohol use (AU) and nicotine use (NU) and the risk of cannabis use disorders (CUD) in adolescence and early adulthood remains unclear. Aims: To identify the sequence of and latency between initial AU/NU and initial cannabis use (CU). To investigate whether younger age at AU- and NU-onset is associated with any and earlier CU-onset and a higher risk of transition from first CU to CUD, taking into account externalizing disorders (ED) and parental substance use disorders as putative influential factors. Methods: Prospective-longitudinal community study with N = 3021 subjects (baseline age 14–24) and up to four assessment waves over up to ten years with additional direct parental and family history information. Substance use and CUD were assessed with the DSM-IV/M-CIDI. Results: Most subjects with CU reported AU (99%) and NU (94%). Among users of both substances, 93% reported AU prior to CU (87% for NU). After adjustment for ED and parental substance use disorders younger age at AU-onset was associated with any CU. Younger age at NU-onset was associated with earlier CU initiation. Younger age at AU- and NU-onset was not associated with a higher risk of CUD. Conclusions: The cross-substance relevance of younger age at first AU and NU for the risk of CUD is limited to early CU involvement.

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Работа посвящена изучению контекста и гипертекста в рассказах о свадьбах. В рамках данной работы исследуются нарративы о свадьбе участников обряда, а также материалы по семейной истории, где свадьба предстает как рассказ в памяти второго и третьего поколений, что является актуальным направлением исследования на сегодняшний день анализ нарративов позволяет увидеть «внутренние» стороны обряда, познакомиться с рефлексией информанта по поводу событий на свадьбе и своих чувств, попытаться понять и проанализировать механизмы обрядовой памяти, а также отрефлексировать заданные самим исследователем контексты. / The work is devoted to the study of context and hypertext in stories about weddings. Within the framework of this work, narratives about the wedding of the participants of the ceremony are studied, as well as materials on family history, where the wedding appears as a story in the memory of the second and third generations, which is an actual direction of research today, the analysis of narratives allows you to see the "inner" sides of the ceremony, to get acquainted with the reflection of the informant about the events at the wedding and their feelings, to try to understand and analyze the mechanisms of ritual memory, as well as to reflect on the contexts set by the researcher himself.

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essay deals with Josef Jedlička’s family chronicle Krev není voda (‘Blood is no water’), regarding the genealogical figures of thought which structure the text and organize the narration of family history. It examines how the Czech author adapts and redefines the traditional genre of the family chronicle for his writing purposes, as well as to what extent the reconstruction of one’s own family history and the narrative about social origin interlock. The thesis is that Krev není voda is an interesting example of a Central European family chronicle that works with a deterministic concept of origin and distinguishes itself from nostalgic, mythologizing, representations of one’s own family history.

Duwamish people are “the People of the Inside,” “the Salmon People”—Coast Salish people who occupied a large territory inside the Olympic Mountains and the Cascade range. Ninety Longhouses were situated where Seattle and several neighbouring cities now stand. Today, over six hundred Duwamish are urban Indigenous people without legal recognition as an American Indian tribe, still battling for rights promised by the Point Elliott Treaty of 1855. Portrayals of Duwamish history since the time of colonization are often incomplete or incorrect. A tribe member myself, I set out to record and present family stories concerning the period 1850 to the present from participants from six Duwamish families. I gathered histories told in the words of the people whose family experiences they are. It is history from a Duwamish perspective, in Duwamish voices. Collected family stories are recorded in the appendices to my dissertation. In my ethnographic study, I inquire as to what strengths have carried Duwamish people through their experiences since colonization. The stories reveal beliefs and practices which have supported the Duwamish people, and hopes for the future. Data was gathered using multiple methods, including fieldwork—visiting a master weaver; attending tribal meetings; and visiting historic sites—reading existing documents by Duwamish authors and by settlers, and interviewing, including looking at photos to elicit information. Five themes emerged from the data: Finding a True History; What Made Them Strong; Intermarriage; Working for the People; and Working with the Youth. These themes together constitute what I term the Indigenous Star of Resilience (see Figure One in Chapter Six). For me, this study has truly been swit ulis uyayus—“work that the Creator has wrapped around me” (Vi Hilbert, quoted in Yoder, 2004); work that is a gift. / Graduate / 0727 / 0452 / 0740 / juliemorgana@yahoo.ca

Contexte  Le cancer colorectal, deuxième par ordre de fréquence chez les femmes françaises, se développe principalement à partir de lésions précancéreuses, des adénomes. Les facteurs associés à l’obésité sont multiples, incluant des événements de début de vie, le niveau socio-économique et le comportement alimentaire ; l’obésité a aussi été associée de façon assez constante au risque de cancer colorectal. Cependant les associations entre des facteurs anthropométriques spécifiques ou au cours de la vie et le risque de tumeurs colorectales selon la filiation adénome-cancer ou selon le site sont moins claires. La ménopause est un événement de vie majeur et est associée à des modifications anthropométriques, tandis que le traitement hormonal de la ménopause (THM) est susceptible d’interagir avec les aspects anthropométriques mais aussi directement avec le risque de tumeur. De plus, la prescription du THM dépend de plusieurs paramètres, dont l’importance du suivi médical. Enfin, si le dépistage des tumeurs colorectales est conseillé à partir de 50 ans (soit aux environs de la ménopause) les attitudes vis-à-vis du dépistage varient selon de nombreux paramètres incluant les antécédents familiaux de cancer, le niveau socio-économique et les comportements de santé. Objectif  Le risque de tumeurs colorectales dépend ainsi de nombreux facteurs étroitement liés, parmi lesquels nous avons choisi d’étudier les relations complexes entre facteurs anthropométriques au cours de la vie, utilisation de THM et antécédents personnels de coloscopie, et le risque d’adénomes et de cancers colorectaux. Population  Les analyses ont été effectuées sur les données de la cohorte de femmes françaises E3N, comportant environ 1400 cas d’adénomes diagnostiqués parmi 17000 femmes ayant passé une coloscopie au cours du suivi (1993-2002) et 690 cas de cancers diagnostiqués parmi 92000 femmes au cours du suivi (1990-2008). Résultats  Notre étude a mis en évidence plusieurs aspects originaux. Tout d’abord, nous avons mis en évidence que les trois facteurs d’exposition principaux étudiés étaient associés au risque de tumeurs colorectales de façon significativement hétérogène en fonction du site, renforçant l’hypothèse selon laquelle il existe trois entités bien distinctes le long du cadre colorectal. Les caractéristiques anthropométriques typiquement occidentales (IMC et tour de taille élevés) étaient associées à un risque accru de tumeurs du côlon gauche, tandis que les associations originales que nous avons décrites entre taille assise et risque d’adénomes du côlon droit, et entre corpulence dans l’enfance et plus faible risque d’adénomes du rectum suggèrent de nouvelles pistes de recherche pour ces sites à l’étiologie mal connue. La mise en évidence d’une association positive entre prise de THM de type estrogènes seul (habituellement prescrit aux femmes hystérectomisées) et risque d’adénomes, en particulier du côlon gauche, et d’une association inverse entre le même type de THM et le risque de cancer, en particulier du côlon gauche, n’étant pas cohérentes avec les associations décrites dans la littérature, nous a conduit a explorer un éventuel biais de dépistage. La pratique de coloscopie était effectivement plus fréquente chez les femmes utilisant des estrogènes seuls (et donc aux antécédents d’hystérectomie), tandis que les antécédents de fibrome utérin étaient associés à un risque accru d’adénomes. De leur côté, les antécédents personnels de coloscopie étaient associés à une diminution de risque de cancer, surtout du côlon gauche, tandis que la réduction de risque des cancers du rectum devenait semblable à celle observée pour le côlon gauche dans la période la plus récente. Conclusion  En conclusion, nos résultats suggèrent qu’il existe des moyens efficaces de prévention des tumeurs distales, mais que la prévention des tumeurs du côlon droit demande des études spécifiques et peut-être de nouveaux paradigmes. / Background  Colorectal cancer, the second most common cancer in French women, mostly develops from precancerous lesions, the adenomas. Factors associated with adult obesity are multiple, including early life events, the socio-economic level, and eating habits; obesity has also been, in turn, quite consistently associated with colorectal cancer risk. However, associations between specific anthropometric components or lifetime anthropometry and colorectal tumours according to the adenoma-carcinoma sequence or to tumour site are less clear. Menopause is a major event in women, and is associated with changes in anthropometric features, while menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) may interact with post-menopausal anthropometry but also with tumour risk per se. In addition, prescription of this MHT depends on various parameters including quality of medical follow-up. Finally, while screening for colorectal tumours is advocated after the age of 50 (thus around menopausal age), attitudes towards colorectal screening differ according to many factors including family history of cancer, the socio-economic level, and attitudes towards a healthy behaviour. Objective  Thus colorectal tumour risk depends on many interrelated factors, among which we chose to investigate the complex relationship between lifetime anthropometric features, MHT use and personal history of colonoscopy, and colorectal adenoma and cancer risk. Population  This study was based on data from the French E3N cohort, including approximately 1400 adenoma cases diagnosed among 17000 women who underwent a colonoscopy during follow-up (1993-2002), and 690 cancer cases diagnosed among 92000 women (1990-2008).Results  Our study brought out several original findings. First our findings regarding all three major studied exposures displayed significant heterogeneity between sites, thus enforcing the hypothesis of separate entities according to site along the large bowel. Typical Western anthropometric features (high BMI and high waist circumference) were associated with left colon tumours, while the original findings of sitting height associated with risk of right colon tumours and of a large silhouette in childhood inversely associated with rectal tumours may bring out new hypotheses regarding these less understood sites. The findings of a positive association between estrogens only MHT use (usually prescribed in hysterectomised women) and adenoma risk, especially left colon adenomas, and an inverse association between the same MHT and cancer risk, especially left colon cancer, which are not consistent with associations generally described in the literature, led us to explore potential screening biases. Indeed, colonoscopy screening was more common in women who used estrogens alone (so with a history of hysterectomy), while colorectal adenomas were more common in women with uterine leiomyoma. Colonoscopy screening in turn was associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer, especially left colon cancer, while the risk reduction for rectal cancers became similar to that of left colon cancer in the most recent years. Conclusion  Altogether, our findings suggest efficient ways to prevent distal tumours, while prevention of right colon tumours requires further specific investigations and new paradigms.