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Most of the cellular tra c (voice and data) is generated indoors. Due to attenuation from walls, quality of service (QoS) of di erent applications degrades for indoor tra c. Thus in order to provide QoS for such users the Macro base station (MBS) has to transmit at high power. This increases recurring costs to the service provider and contributes to green house emissions. Hence, Femtocells (FC) are considered as an option. Femto Access Points (FAP) are low cost, low powered, small base stations deployed indoors by customers. A substantial part of indoor tra c is diverted from the Macrocell (MC) through the FAP. Since the FCs also use the same channels as the MC, deployment of FCs causes interference to not only its neighbouring FCs but also to the users in the MC. Thus, we need better interference management techniques for this system. In this thesis, we consider a system with multiple Femtocells operating in a Macrocell. FCs and MC use same set of multiple channels and support multiple users. Each user may have a minimum rate requirement. To limit interference to the MC, there is a peak power constraint on each channel. In the rst part of the thesis, we consider sparsely deployed FCs where the interference between the FCs is negligible. For this we formulate the problem of channel allocation and power control in each FC. We develop computationally e cient, suboptimal algorithms to satisfy QoS of each user in the FC. If QoS of each user is not satis ed, we provide solutions which are fair to all the users. In the second part of the thesis, we consider the case of densely deployed FCs where we formulate the problem of channel allocation and power control in each Femtocell as a noncooperative Game. We develop e cient decentralized algorithms to obtain a Nash equilibrium (NE) at which QoS of each user is satis ed. We also obtain e cient decentralized algorithms to obtain fair NE when it may not be feasible to satisfy the QoS of all the users in the FC. Finally, we extend our algorithms to the case where there may be voice and data users in the system. In the third part of the thesis, we continue to study the problem setup in the second part, where we develop algorithms which can simultaneously consider the cases where QoS of users can be satis ed or not. We provide algorithms to compute Coarse Correlated Equilibrium (CCE), Pareto optimal points and Nash bargaining solutions. In the nal part of the thesis, we consider interference limit at the MBS and model FCs as sel sh nodes. The MBS protects itself via pricing subchannels per usage. We obtain a Stackelberg equilibrium (SE) by considering MBS as a leader and FCs as followers.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, 2014. / Submitted by Ruthléa Nascimento (ruthleanascimento@bce.unb.br) on 2015-07-07T18:06:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_RudesLimaFreitas.pdf: 2584295 bytes, checksum: a3e8b45b132bcba8ea46c18f96d46ec9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana(raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2015-07-28T11:39:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_RudesLimaFreitas.pdf: 2584295 bytes, checksum: a3e8b45b132bcba8ea46c18f96d46ec9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-28T11:39:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_RudesLimaFreitas.pdf: 2584295 bytes, checksum: a3e8b45b132bcba8ea46c18f96d46ec9 (MD5) / O objetivo desta dissertação foi o de analisar e compreender como é realizado o processo de Acompanhamento e Avaliação das Transferências Voluntárias de Recursos da União, descentralizados por meio do CNPq às Fundações Estaduais de Amparo à Pesquisa (FAP). Buscamos identificar os mecanismos para incentivar o estabelecimento da pesquisa e desenvolvimento em regiões com maiores proporções de desigualdades e ainda sem a infraestrutura necessária para se utilizar da ciência e tecnologia, visando o alcance do desenvolvimento regional. Políticas federais de interiorização da ciência e tecnologia editadas de forma planejada e estruturada, entre outras, tiveram o seu início há mais de duas décadas no país. Em políticas mais recentes, foram introduzidos novos instrumentos, como a descentralização de recursos federais e de seus programas e projetos, que eram de execução prioritária do Estado-Nação e que foram descentralizadas para outros entes da Federação. Foram analisados os procedimentos e rotinas utilizados pelo CNPq para a transferência de recursos da União e os mecanismos de acompanhamento, monitoramento e avaliação dos recursos transferidos por meio de parcerias institucionais com as Fundações de Amparo à Pesquisa (FAP). Foram examinados processos de concessão internos ao CNPq, e os procedimentos frente às exigências legais, a efetividade desse procedimento. Foram realizadas entrevistas com técnicos e gestores do CNPq, comprometidos com a execução e gestão das transferências voluntárias e realizada uma pesquisa junto às FAP que recebem essas transferências. ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / The aim of this study was to analyze and understand how the Evaluation of Voluntary Transfer of Union Resources is carried out , decentralized by CNPq to the State Foundations for Research Support (FAP). We sought to identify mechanisms to promote the establishment of research and development in areas with higher proportions of inequalities and still without the necessary infrastructure to use science and technology, aimed at achieving regional development. Federal policies of internalization of science and technology edited in a planned and structured way, among others, were initiated in the country more than two decades ago. In more recent policies, new instruments were introduced, such as the decentralization of federal funds and its programs and projects, which were of priority implementation to the State-Nation and that were decentralized for other entities of the Federation. Procedures and routines used by CNPq for the transfer of federal funds and monitoring mechanisms were analyzed, as well as the monitoring and evaluation of the resources transferred through institutional partnerships with the State Foundations for Research Support (FAP). CNPq’s internal granting process were examined, and the procedures to face legal requirements, as well as the effectiveness of this procedure. Interviews were conducted with staff and managers from CNPq, committed to the implementation and management of the voluntary transfers and a survey to the FAP receiving such transfers.

Les travaux s'inscrivent dans le développement de catalyseurs conducteurs ioniques à base de zircone stabilisée à l'oxyde d'yttrium (YSZ) pour l'oxydation des suies dans les filtres à particules (FAP) qui équipent les véhicules Diesel. L'oxydation de la suie sur YSZ a été observée à l'échelle nanométrique par microscopie électronique en transmission environnementale. La réaction d'oxydation se déroule à l'interface (20-40 nm) entre le catalyseur et la suie, l'activité étant liée au nombre de points de contact. Nous avons associé un vecteur d'oxygène mobile, l'argent, à YSZ. Les résultats montrent une synergie entre YSZ et les nanoparticules d'argent qui promeut l'activité notamment en cas de contact grossier avec la suie. Des expériences isotopiques d'échanges et d'oxydation ont démontré que l'argent active l'intégration de l'oxygène gazeux dans le réseau de YSZ. La caractérisation des propriétés physicochimiques des nanoparticules d'argent dispersées sur différents oxydes (une autre zircone yttriée aux propriétés différentes : YSZb, ZrO2, CeZrO2, SiO2) a permis de relier les performances catalytiques avec la teneur d'argent métallique en surface. Des tests de vieillissement hydrothermal ont montré que la formulation supportée sur YSZb présente une activité maintenue en contact médiocre avec la suie et une faible perte en argent. Des mini-FAPs imprégnés de catalyseur ont ensuite été testés sur un banc de gaz synthétiques capable de produire des particules de suie en suspension. L'activité des formulations catalytiques une fois mises en forme ainsi que leur capacité de filtration ont été évaluées. Un mini-FAP contenant la formulation Ag/YSZb oxyde les suies dès 350°C et s'auto-régénère (oxydation des suies plus rapide que leur collecte) dès 450°C / This study deals with the development of ionic conductive catalysts based on yttria-stabilized zirconia for soot oxidation in Diesel Particle Filter (DPF). Soot oxidation was observed at the nanoscale using Environmental Transmission Electron Microscopy. Reaction was shown to occur at the interface between YSZ and soot, ranging from 20 to 40 nm, and activity was related to the number of contact points between soot and catalyst. In order to promote activity, we associated to YSZ an oxygen carrier: silver, under the form of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) scattered over YSZ surface. Results display a synergy between YSZ and AgNPs, allowing for the promotion of soot oxidation under poor contact conditions. Isotopic exchange and oxidation experiments demonstrated AgNPs promote oxygen integration into YSZ lattice. Characterizations of supported AgNPs over different oxides such as YSZb (displaying different properties than YSZ), ZrO2, SiO2, CeZrO2, indicate that the soot oxidation activity is related to the amount of metallic silver species on the oxide surface. Hydrothermal ageing tests indicate that Ag/YSZb formulation displays a stable activity in poor contact conditions and a low silver loss. Baby-DPF (1 inch diameter, 3 inches length) were impregnated with silver-supported catalysts and tested on a synthetic gas bench producing a gas stream containing suspended soot particles. Soot oxidation activity and filtration efficiency were measured. A baby-FAP containing the Ag/YSZb formulation was shown to oxide soot at a temperature as low as 350°C and to induce self-regeneration (soot oxidation overcoming the collection) at 450°C

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:27:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jean Carlo da Cunha.pdf: 16855564 bytes, checksum: 337fd862ee9c2affb80cdde33c7439e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho apresenta um esquema de controle de um Compensador Estático para rede de Distribuição (DSTATCOM), utilizado para regular a magnitude da tensão no ponto de acoplamento de carga (PAC) e também possui a função de eliminar harmônicas de tensão através da detecção da tensão no PAC. A regulação da magnitude da tensão é efetuada através da injeção de corrente em quadratura no PAC e a mitiga ção de harmônicas é efetuada através da leitura da tensão do PAC e geração de correntes harmônicas capazes de compensar as distorções na tensão do PAC, sem a necessidade da leitura de corrente da rede ou da carga. O regulador é implementado através de um conversor VSI trifásico à quatro os conectado em paralelo com a rede de distribuição. A potência ativa drenada pelo conversor é somente para suprir suas perdas e controlar a tensão do barramento CC. Este trabalho possui resultados de simulação para o sistema completo bem como resultados experimentais.

Devant des exigences universitaires, notamment méthodologiques, discursives, linguistiques et culturelles, étrangers et natifs sont concernés proportionnellement par ces exigences. Pour le natif, la question sera posée en termes d’adaptation méthodologique et discursive à une institution supérieure au lycée au sein du même système éducative. Tandis que pour l’étranger, il sera question d’acculturation au système, aux discours et à la culture, universitaires d’un système et d’une langue différents des siens. Faire des études supérieures en langue étrangère dépasse les jeux de simulation et faire semblant, puisque les travaux rendus feront l’objet d’une notation et d’évaluation qui conditionne la réussite ou qui causent l’échec. L’étudiant est amené à maitriser différents genres de discours par lesquels il apprend et il est évalué. Le but est de former les étudiants aux savoir-faire académiques que peuvent les aider à acquérir des savoirs spécialisés dans leurs disciplines. L’objectif est de créer chez les étudiants des habilités discursives qui leur permettront « d’intégrer différentes manières dont s’élabore et se transmet le savoir à l’université, et de déceler les spécificités des discours qu’ils fréquentent » (POLLET M-C., 2001, P : 32). Pour ce faire, des dispositifs ont été mis en œuvre comme le « tutorat » ou la « méthodologie du travail universitaire ». Mais, face aux flux des étudiants étrangers et la nécessité de répondre à leurs besoins universitaires, un nouveau concept est né, et petit à petit a commencé à gagner du terrain dans les milieux didactiques, c’est le FOU. Un programme de FOU consiste à explorer les pratiques langagières par lesquelles le savoir circule à l’université. Puis d’essayer d’établir une typologie de différents genres. Ensuite, de dégager des dimensions enseignables conçues sous le principe de la transversalité ou au contraire basée sur la spécificité des genres de chaque discipline / To academic requirements, including methodological, discursive, linguistic and cultural, foreign and native are affected proportionally by these requirements. For the native, the question will be asked in terms of methodological and discursive adaptation to a higher institution to school within the same educational system. Whereas abroad it will issue acculturation to the system, speech and culture, a university system and a different language of his own. Pursue higher education in a foreign language beyond the simulation games and pretend, as the work submitted will be subject to a rating and evaluation that determines the success or cause failure. The student must master different genres of speech by which he learns and is evaluated. The goal is to train students in academic skills that can help them acquire specialized knowledge in their disciplines. The aim is to create in students discursive skills that will enable them to "integrate different ways to develop and transmit knowledge to the university, and to identify specific speeches they attend" (MC POLLET . 2001, P: 32). To do this, devices have been implemented as "mentoring" or "methodology of academic work." But, facing the flow of foreign students and the need to meet their academic needs, a new concept was born, and gradually began to gain ground in educational circles, the frensh for academics purpose. A academic purpose program is to explore the language practices by which knowledge flows university. Then try to establish a typology of different genres. Then, to identify teachable dimensions designed under the principle of cross or otherwise based on the specific kinds of each discipline

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carla Trevisan Ranieri Mazarin.pdf: 930946 bytes, checksum: f4975212ff62ba3b4f4c00152f70e624 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-15 / The purpose of this paper aims to analyze if the Accident Prevention Factor (APF) institution has reached its effectiveness, which is the reduction of the labor accidents rates. However, to have this discussion is necessary to analyze the evolution of the legislation that protect the employee, who is a victim of a labor accident, and we will see the foundation of this protection, as well as the configuration of the risks that require such protection, and the concept of a labor accident and the reformulation that this concept has gone through, considering the changes caused by society. Then, we will look up the concepts of system, effectiveness, as well as principles and rules that will provide for us the necessary support for the inclusion of the labor accident protection in the list of the fundamental rights, and their relation to the social rights. We will analyze the protection of the working environment and the impact that the lack of security measures can lead to the Social Security System. From then on, we will introduce the concept of the Accident Prevention Factor and the respective calculation methodology, and the questionings that the implementation of this tool caused. Finally, we will check why the Accident Prevention Factor is framed as a social prevention tool, and the reason why its measurement was set by economic sector, and the results of its implementation through the labor accident statistics provided by the Social Security Ministry / A presente dissertação tem o objetivo de analisar se a instituição do Fator Acidentário de Prevenção FAP atingiu a sua função eficacial, qual seja, a redução dos índices de acidentalidade laboral. Contudo, para se chegar a essa discussão, faz-se necessária a análise da evolução legislativa da proteção acidentária, oportunidade em que será visto o fundamento dessa proteção, a configuração dos riscos que demandam essa tutela, bem como o conceito de acidente de trabalho e a reformulação pela qual esse conceito passou por meio das mudanças ocasionadas pela sociedade. Em seguida, serão analisados os conceitos de sistema, eficácia, além de princípios e regras, por meio dos quais serão fornecidos os subsídios necessários para a inserção da proteção acidentária no rol dos direitos fundamentais e a sua relação com os direitos sociais. Serão analisados a proteção do meio ambiente laboral e os impactos que a ausência de medidas de segurança pode ocasionar para o Sistema de Seguridade Social. A partir de então, serão introduzidos o conceito do Fator Acidentário de Prevenção e toda a sua metodologia de cálculo, assim como as irregularidades apontadas no momento da implementação dessa ferramenta. Ao final, serão verificados como o FAP é enquadrado como uma ferramenta de prevenção social, os motivos pelos quais a sua aferição se configura por setor econômico e os resultados de sua implementação por meio dos dados estatísticos acidentários disponibilizados pela Previdência Social

Un très grand nombre de problèmes combinatoires appartient à la famille des problèmes de satisfaction de contraintes (Constraint Satisfaction Problem ou CSP) : configuration, ordonnancement, affectation de ressources... Ces problèmes partagent une description commune qui autorise en général une modélisation claire et intuitive. Dans cette thèse, nous avons proposé et étudié une nouvelle méthode de résolution hybride pour les CSPs. Nous avons nommé cette méthode Tabu-NG pour Tabu Search based on NoGood. Le nom est un peu réducteur car il s'agit d'une hybridation d'algorithme de filtrage, de propagation de contraintes, de Recherche Tabou et de gestion de nogoods. La méthode a été appliquée sur deux types de problèmes. Le premier est l'affectation des fréquences (FAP) dans les réseaux de radiocommunications militaires, en particulier les problèmes proposés de 1993 (instances du projet européen CALMA) jusqu'à 2010 (instances d'un projet DGA). Le deuxième est le problème académique de k-coloration de graphes sur les instances DIMACS. La méthode a amélioré quelques meilleurs scores connus actuellement. Dans les deux problèmes nous avons traité des contraintes unaires et binaires, ainsi que des contraintes n-aires et de l'optimisation de fonction sous contraintes pour le FAP. Les principes de Tabu-NG sont généraux et elle peut s'appliquer sur d'autres CSP. Elle peut par ailleurs accueillir des heuristiques spécifiques aux problèmes, nous l'avons pratiqué sur les problèmes cités, et en ce sens nous pensons pouvoir qualifier la méthode de métaheuristique sans abuser de cette définition.

Epidemiological, experimental, and clinical observations provide support for a colorectal cancer chemopreventive role for aspirin. We have evaluated the effects of aspirin on proliferation biomarkers in normal-risk and high-risk human subjects for colorectal cancer. Colorectal biopsies were obtained at baseline and at 24h after 28 daily doses of 81mg of aspirin from 13 high-risk and 15 normal-risk subjects for colorectal cancer. We evaluated aspirin's effects on proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemistry and epithelial mucin histochemistry using the lectin, Amaranthus caudatus agglutinin (ACA) in crypt sections from rectal biopsies. The baseline whole crypt PCNA LIs differed significantly between normal-risk and high-risk subjects. PCNA LIs are not affected by 28 days of aspirin at 81mg daily. ACA LIs are decreased by 28 days of aspirin at 81mg daily in both normal-risk and high-risk subjects. Aspirin's effects on ACA LIs may have mechanistic and biological implications that deserve further attention. PCNA and ACA LIs are not useful as proliferation biomarkers for aspirin's chemopreventive activity in morphologically normal human colorectal mucosa.