A well-crafted, locally adapted customer value proposition (CVP) can aid businesses in attaining loyal customers. The main purpose of this research is to determine the key value components that should be considered for the development of a CVP, for free-floating car sharing services in the Nordic region. This is done by establishing the relationship between deductively identified value components, perceived value, satisfaction, trust, and loyalty.  A research framework is proposed, where the relationships between the different constructs are hypothesised. Quantitative data is collected from existing car sharing users in the Nordic countries, through a self-administered online questionnaire, distributed through a non-probability sampling method. The empirical data is analysed through multiple regression analysis using the software SPSS, and the extension “PROCESS”, as well as additional analysis techniques to ensure data quality. The research findings indicate that perceived convenience, need fit, and a low service price positively impact both perceived value, as well as satisfaction. Satisfaction shows a stronger, positive effect on loyalty than that of perceived value, yet, loyalty is better explained when both constructs are accounted for. Additionally, trust shows to carry a mediating effect between both satisfaction and loyalty, as well as between perceived value and loyalty. Therefore, firms operating within this context should emphasise the customer needs to provide a service which is perceived as affordable and convenient. Finally, efforts should be taken to reduce uncertainty, and promote trust between the service providers, and their users.

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The Swedish Government announced on June 15, 2022 that electric scooters will no longer be allowed to park on pedestrian and bicycle lanes starting from September 1, 2022, except at designated bicycle racks or other designated parking areas. This measure has been taken to improve accessibility and safety for pedestrians and cyclists. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the effects and opinions regarding the parking ban in Stockholms stad, with a focus on users, municipalities, and operators. The report combines quantitative and qualitative methods, including surveys, interviews, and data analysis, to analyze various effects and opinions regarding the parking ban. The results show that users, municipalities, and operators perceive the implementation of parking zones as positive for the urban environment bypromoting increased orderliness and cleanliness. However, there is a downside in terms of longer walking distances to destinations and reduced convenience, as door-to-door travel is no longer as feasible. Complaints about illegal parking have decreased among the general public, but there have been other requests from users and operators regarding the placement of parking zones.  The municipalities Stockholms stad and Göteborgs Stad agree that a well-developed infrastructure for privately owned bicycles and shared electric scooters is crucial for implementing the parking ban. This study ultimately demonstrates that the introduction of the parking ban has had a negative impact on the usage of electric scooters in Stockholm's inner city.

By shaping a project inspired by the way water excavates, erodes, and forms land masses, the project seeks to connect people with and give them a new relationship to the river through architecture. My methodology has consisted of exploring form and texture through castings, along with studying the geometries in nature that have re­sulted from the way water shapes landmasses. This project explores the meeting and contrast between linear geometries and geometries shaped by water. Some key words when talking about the way water affects masses are: ero­sion, excavation, and buoyancy.

Hammarby Sjöstadsverk is a pilot plant operated by IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute and Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) which treats municipal wastewater. Different processes are used of which one is a Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) with activated sludge process. The activated sludge process is an effective biological municipal wastewater treatment process. Foaming and floating sludge is a significant problem for municipal wastewater treatment plants globally, that appears from time to time and a full understanding of the process causing this phenomenon is still not available. The problem can have multiple causes such as imbalance of microorganisms, nutrients, toxicity, pH, DO, temperature, denitrification, nitrification etc. The scope of this thesis project is to find out which microorganism’s cause foaming and bulking and how to control it. For this investigation, the Hammarby Sjöstadsverk pilot wastewater treatment plant in Stockholm was utilized. The laboratory facilities at KTH were used during thesis work. Laboratory methods were used to cultivate and isolate filamentous organisms from foam, sludge and inlet wastewater samples to investigate by microscopy and see which microorganisms exist in the activated sludge process were performed. General cultivation media for bacteria and fungi were used for culturing microorganisms. Isolation of some filamentous forms was based on colony morphology on an agar plate and microscopy. Microscopic observation of foam and isolates were performed, comparing cell morphology with literature studies. The sludge showed very few types of protozoa. The isolated and cultivated samples were fungi, yeast-like fungi and bacteria. The organisms are most likely the reason for foaming and bulking. Other reasons were also investigated by comparing retrieved data from IVL with literature studies; the process levels such as pH, DO, temperature and nutrients proved to be low or varying. The reason to why fungi and yeast-like microorganisms habitate in the basin depend on a low pH level average of 6.7. A method for effective settling is to withstand a cutting-pump to the container. This was tested during this project and resulted in increased levels of floating sludge during a period of time. Hence this is not a recommended treatment solution. Suggested treatment methods for further studies are to introduce protozoa to treat foaming and bulking, or by raising the pH and DO. This has not been covered within this project. / Hammarby Sjöstadsverk är en testanläggning som drivs av IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet och KTH som består av ett avloppsreningsverk i pilotskala. Verket behandlar kommunalt avloppsvatten i en Sekvenserad Batch Reaktor (SBR) med aktiv slam processen. Den aktiva slamprocessen är en effektiv biologisk reningsmetod av avloppsvatten. Skumning och flytslam är ett stort problem för avloppsreningsverk globalt sett. Orsaken till dessa problem kan vara många, som t.ex. obalans av mikroorganismer, näringsämnen, toxicitet, pH, löst syre, temperatur, denitrifikation, nitrifikation osv. Målet med projektet är att ta reda på vilka organismer orsakar skumning och flytslam hos Hammarby Sjöstadsverk i Stockholm. Vad som orsakar dessa samt vilka kontrollmetoder som fungerar mot skumning och flytslam. Under projektet användes laboratoriet på KTH campus för att kultivera och isolera filamentösa organismer för att undersöka dessa under mikroskop och även se vilka mikroorganismer faktiskt existerar i skummet och flytslammet. Ympning av bakterier och fungi användes med hjälp av media. Isolering av vissa filamentösa organismer baserades på dess morfologi på agar plattor. Mikroskopiska observationer av skummet och isoleringar utvärderades och jämfördes med relevant litteratur om cellmorfologi. Resultaten av isolaten var fungi, jäst-liknande fungi och bakterier. Organismerna är mest sannolikt anledningen till skumning och flytslam. Andra anledningar så som datajämförelser med litteraturstudier visade att processens parametrar så som pH, löst syre, temperatur och näringsämnen visades vara låga eller varierande. Anledningen till att exempelvis fungi och jäst-liknande organismer trivdes berodde på låga pH nivåer som i snitt var 6.7. En föreslagen metod för att gynna sedimentering är att inte använda en skärpump till bassängen. Detta testades under projektets gång och resulterade under en period i ökade nivåer av flytslam. Därmed är denna metod inte att föredra. Ett förslag till en biologisk metod introduceras med att tillföra protozoer för att behandla skumning och flytslam, eller att höja pH och löst syre i bassängen. Detta har dock inte undersökts inom ramen för detta projekt.

Many space applications, such as vision-based systems, synthetic aperture radar, and radar altimetry rely increasingly on high data rate DSP algorithms. These algorithms use double precision floating point arithmetic operations. While most DSP applications can be executed on DSP processors, the DSP numerical requirements of these new space applications surpass by far the numerical capabilities of many current DSP processors. Since the tradition in DSP processing has been to use fixed point number representation, only recently have DSP processors begun to incorporate floating point arithmetic units, even though most of these units handle only single precision floating point addition/subtraction, multiplication, and occasionally division. While DSP processors are slowly evolving to meet the numerical requirements of newer space applications, FPGA densities have rapidly increased to parallel and surpass even the gate densities of many DSP processors and commodity CPUs. This makes them attractive platforms to implement compute-intensive DSP computations. Even in the presence of this clear advantage on the side of FPGAs, few attempts have been made to examine how wide precision floating point arithmetic, particularly division and square root operations, can perform on FPGAs to support these compute-intensive DSP applications. In this context, this thesis presents the sequential and pipelined designs of IEEE-754 compliant double floating point division and square root operations based on low radix digit recurrence algorithms. FPGA implementations of these algorithms have the advantage of being easily testable. In particular, the pipelined designs are synthesized based on careful partial and full unrolling of the iterations in the digit recurrence algorithms. In the overall, the implementations of the sequential and pipelined designs are common-denominator implementations which do not use any performance-enhancing embedded components such as multipliers and block memory. As these implementations exploit exclusively the fine-grain reconfigurable resources of Virtex FPGAs, they are easily portable to other FPGAs with similar reconfigurable fabrics without any major modifications. The pipelined designs of these two operations are evaluated in terms of area, throughput, and dynamic power consumption as a function of pipeline depth. Pipelining experiments reveal that the area overhead tends to remain constant regardless of the degree of pipelining to which the design is submitted, while the throughput increases with pipeline depth. In addition, these experiments reveal that pipelining reduces power considerably in shallow pipelines. Pipelining further these designs does not necessarily lead to significant power reduction. By partitioning these designs into deeper pipelines, these designs can reach throughputs close to the 100 MFLOPS mark by consuming a modest 1% to 8% of the reconfigurable fabric within a Virtex-II XC2VX000 (e.g., XC2V1000 or XC2V6000) FPGA.

Over the past century, sea level has risen nearly eight inches along the California coast and climate scientists suggest substantial increases in sea level as a significant impact of climate change over the coming century. This project explores the concept of creating a sustainable living environment for seaside residents in Redwood City as an alternative to permanent construction on land in the event of a substantial rise in sea level. This project will generate a flood-resilient design solution that is capable of rising and falling with the water. In order to ensure the well-being of the inhabitants, I will analyze a number of case studies, notably the Netherland’s water dwellings, New Orleans’s amphibious residences and Sausalito’s floating communities, for the purpose of identifying key themes that will facilitate the construction of a single-family amphibious residence in Redwood City. This project is a response to environmental design challenges raised by ongoing atmospheric events such as the gradual rise in sea level and disastrous events such as Hurricane Katrina in 2005 where extreme flooding due to failed coastal defenses exhibited catastrophic effects on coastal residences, its inhabitants, and the surrounding ecosystem.