Objectif : Établir si des impacts sur la qualité de vie des aînés peuvent être identifiés, secondairement à une fracture mineure incidente, selon leur degré de fragilité au moment de leur évaluation dans les urgences. Méthodes : Cette étude s'inscrit dans le programme du Canadian Emergency Team Initiative (2010-2016). Les éléments de santé physique reliés à la qualité de vie ont été mesurés 3 et 6 mois après la fracture par le « Short Form 12-item Health survey » (SF-12). L'indice du « Canadian Study of Health and Aging - Clinical Frailty Scale » fut utilisé pour qualifier le statut de fragilité des personnes selon qu'elles soient Robustes, Pré-Fragiles ou Fragiles au moment de la visite à l'urgence pour le traitement de leur fracture. Les analyses principales portent sur la comparaison des scores moyens aux composantes physiques du SF-12, en fonction du statut fragile. Résultats : Cette sous-cohorte d'aînés de 345 participants dont 263 femmes, présentait un âge moyen de 76,2 ± 7,4 ans. Au total 56% des sujets étaient Robustes, 33% Pré-Fragiles et 11% étaient Fragiles. Plus de 70% des fractures subies étaient aux membres inférieurs ou supérieurs, et étaient survenues lors de chutes (88%). L'ensemble des analyses révèlent des associations statistiquement significatives (p ≤ 0,005) entre l'augmentation du niveau de fragilité et la diminution de tous les scores ajustés au SF-12 (composante physique globale, fonctionnement physique, capacité d'exercer ses rôles de nature physique), et ce à 3 ou 6 mois post-fracture. Conclusion : Nos résultats suggèrent que l'évaluation systématique des aînés, quant à leur degré de fragilité contribuerait ultimement à leur offrir une prise en charge spécifique, incluant traitement et suivi, mieux adaptée à leurs besoins.

Identifying and locating permeable zones in geothermal fields is a critical step in determining reservoir potential and realizing energy production. Despite a general association with active faults, geothermal systems typically display heterogeneously distributed permeability that makes locating successful wells difficult. Faults are associated with complex distributions of secondary fractures, with variable attitude, fracture density, and connectivity – all of which can influence permeability. Simulations of the local stress state due to slip on a detailed model of the fault system at Brady Geothermal Field, NV, supported by models of key idealized fault geometries, are used to test the relationship between both productive wells or hydrothermal features and failed wells with stress states that promote or suppress fracture. These simulations show that hydrothermal features are generally associated with portions of faults best oriented to slip in the stress state measured at Brady. Critically, regions of enhanced coulomb stress (S_c^((max))) and reduced least compressive principal stress (σ3) that promote fractures occur at narrow, extensional relays and at intersections between faults; at Brady such locations correlate with the locations of production wells and hydrothermal surface manifestations. Despite this positive correlation, several of these structures do not host evidence of hydrothermal flow due to a lack of persistence along the dip of the fault necessary to connect to the heat source at depth. In contrast, regions of reduced S_c^((max)) and enhanced σ3 correspond to volumes that lie near the interior of faults, including at bends and at contractional relays. These locations are generally associated with failed wells; however, major production wells occur at a clear bend in a large fault at Brady. This may reflect the origin of the bend as breached relay and warrants further investigation. / Geology

Fractures, one of the most common findings in paleopathology, can reveal information about behaviour and social identity in the past. A new methodology for assessing the healing stages of fractures has recently been proposed, which could allow for additional data to be gathered from the study of fractures. Trauma, post-traumatic time interval, and injury recidivism were studied in five late Roman (c. 3rd – 4th centuries AD) British and Spanish skeletal samples. The aims of this thesis are: 1) record fractures and their healing stage using new post-traumatic time interval estimation methods; 2) determine how trauma profiles vary in the Romano-British and Spanish samples; 3) employ biocultural and life course approaches in the analysis of the results to reveal information about the culture, social identities, and environmental circumstances in the two Roman provinces under study. The remains of 214 adults from two Romano-British and three Romano-Spanish sites were examined for the presence of long bone and rib fractures. Fracture data was analyzed by age, sex, site, bone element, and fracture type to build a profile of trauma at each of the sites. In addition, cases of multiple injury were assessed using new post-traumatic time interval methods in order to discern cases of injury recidivism. A total of 44 individuals were identified as having 89 fractures across all the skeletal samples. Sixteen individuals had multiple fractures, eight of which were determined to have fractures of different ages using methods for determining post-traumatic time interval. Males and females had similar rates of fractures and multiple injuries. Fractures peaked among economically active young and middle-aged adults. A number of differences between the Romano-British and Spanish sample were observed with regards to trauma patterns and fracture prevalence. The results of this research contribute to our understandings of trauma profiles and injury recidivism in Roman populations, and provide the first comprehensive trauma study of a Romano-Spanish skeletal sample. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

Background: Tibial fractures are associated with prolonged recovery. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of long-term physical functioning after tibial shaft fracture. Methods: We used data from the Trial to Re-evaluate Ultrasound in the Treatment of Tibial Fractures (TRUST) to determine, in patients with unilateral, open or closed tibial shaft fracture, the association between baseline factors and physical functioning at 1-year. All fractures were fixed using intramedullary nails. Physical functioning was measured using the 100-point Short Form-36 (SF-36) Physical Component Summary (PCS) score; higher is better; minimally important difference is 2 to 5 points. Results: There were 299 tibial fracture patients with complete data available for analysis. In an adjusted analysis, the factors associated with lower physical functioning at 1-year were: (1) current smokers (mean difference [MD] -2.55, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] -4.63 to -0.46, p=0.017), (2) body mass index >30 kg/m² (MD -2.57, 95% CI -4.86, -0.27, p = 0.029), and (3) patients who were receiving disability benefits or involved in litigation, or planned to be (MD -2.65, 95% CI -4.58 to -0.72, p = 0.007). Patients who were employed at the time of their fracture reported significantly higher physical functioning at 1-year (MD 4.56, 95% CI 2.32 to 6.80, p= <0.001) and those who were allowed to partial or full weight-bear post-operatively (MD 1.98, 95% CI 0.13 to 3.82, p=0.036). Neither age, sex, fracture severity or receipt of physical therapy were associated with long-term physical functioning. Conclusions: Among patients undergoing surgical repair of tibial fractures, partial or full weight-bearing post-operatively and employment at the time of injury predict better long-term functioning, whereas smoking, obesity, and receipt of disability benefits or involvement in litigation (or plans to be) predict worse long-term functioning. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Hip fractures are serious injuries that are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality in older adults. While much of the increased risk of hip fracture with age can be explained by age-related decreases in bone mineral density, muscles and motor control are altered by aging as well. Muscles forces in vivo are thought to have a prophylactic effect that can reduce shear and bending in the femur. This is beneficial because bone is stronger in compression than in shear or tension, and shear plays an important role in fatiguing bone. Understanding how aging and muscular loads affect strains in the proximal femur could lead to improvements in clinical screening and preventative measures for hip fracture. Three studies were performed to investigate age-related changes in neuromuscular function during gait and how these changes affect strains in the proximal femur. Study 1 examined age differences in peak lower extremity joint torques during walking with controlled speed and step length. Studies 2 and 3 applied muscle forces estimated during gait to finite element models of the femur. Study 2 examined age differences in femoral strains, and Study 3 examined the sensitivity of strains to individual muscle forces. The results support the idea that older adults walk with reduced contributions from the ankle plantar flexors and increased contributions from the hip extensors. Interactions between age and speed indicate that older adults utilized a different neuromuscular strategy than young adults to vary the speed of their gait. No age differences were found for the largest magnitude strains in the proximal femur. However, young adults were able to apply larger loads to the femur without corresponding increases in femoral strains. Strains in the femoral neck were found to be sensitive to muscle forces, particularly hip abductor forces. Strains in the sub-trochanteric region tended to be larger than those in the femoral neck, and less sensitive to muscle forces. These results increase our understanding of neuromuscular changes that occur with age, and the effects of these changes on the femur. / Ph. D.

Yes / The suspected scaphoid fracture remains a diagnostic conundrum with over-treatment a common risk-averse strategy. Cross-sectional imaging remains the gold standard with MRI recommended but CT used by some because of easier access or limited MRI availability. The aim of this feasibility study was to evaluate whether cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) could support early diagnosis, or exclusion, of scaphoid fractures. Patients with a suspected scaphoid were recruited fracture between March and July 2020. All underwent a 4-view X-ray. If this examination was normal, they were immediately referred for a CBCT scan of the wrist. Those with a normal scan were discharged to research follow-up at 2 and 6-weeks. 68 participants were recruited, 55 had a normal or equivocal X-ray and underwent CBCT. Nine additional radiocarpal fractures (16.2%) were demonstrated on CBCT, the remainder were discharged to research follow-up. Based on the 2-week and 6-week follow up three patients (4.4%) were referred for MRI to investigate persistent symptoms with no bony injuries identified. CBCT scans enabled a rapid pathway for the diagnosis or exclusion of scaphoid fractures, identifying other fractures and facilitating early treatment. The rapid pathway also enabled those with no bony injury to start rehabilitation, suggesting that patients can be safely discharged with safety-net advice following a CBCT scan.

Ceci est une étude de cohorte prospective, avec un suivi d’un an, s’intéressant à la trajectoire postopératoire des patients gériatriques admis pour une fracture de la hanche. Un total de 254 patients étaient inclus dans cette cohorte. Cinq groupes de patients avec des trajectoires similaires ont été formés; 1-retour à domicile (n=63), 2-retour à la résidence (n=22), 3-réadaptation avant retour au milieu de vie original (n=36), 4- changement de milieu de vie (n=28) et 5-décès (n=37). Les patients évoluant dans la trajectoire 1 (évolution favorable) étaient plus jeunes. Les patients évoluant dans la trajectoire 5 (évolution défavorable) étaient plus âgés, étaient malnutris selon l’outil Mini Nutritional Assessement (MNA) et présentaient des troubles neurocognitifs selon leurs pointages du Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Un délai chirurgical allongé était associé avec une mortalité à un an plus élevée, mais ces patients présentaient plus de comorbidités selon l’index de comorbidité de Charlson (CCI). Le délai entre le congé du patient et son départ réel de l’hôpital était associé avec le besoin d’un transfert dans un centre de réadaptation. Il y a donc un besoin de milieux intermédiaires pouvant accueillir les patients gériatriques ayant subi une chirurgie pour fracture de la hanche, afin qu’ils puissent quitter l’hôpital. Les efforts pour améliorer les soins aux patients gériatriques avec fracture de la hanche devraient être déployés pour résoudre ces enjeux. / This is a prospective observational cohort study of patients admitted for a hip fracture between 2011 and 2017, with a one-year follow-up. A total of 254 patients were enrolled in this cohort. Most patients evolved in one of the following trajectories at one year; (1) 30% went back at home (2) 11% went back to their senior residence (3) 16% needed readaptation (4) 13% were discharged to a different location than prior to admission (5) 18% were deceased at one year. Patients evolving in trajectory 1 (favorable outcome) were younger. Patients evolving in trajectory 5 (poor outcome) were older, had lower Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) scores and had lower Mini-Mental State Examination scores (MMSE). Longer surgical delay was associated with higher mortality and comorbidities. The delay between discharge from the attending staff and real departure from the hospital was associated with the need for a readaptation. There is a need for intermediate residences such as readaptation centers to facilitate discharge from the hospital. Efforts to improve the postoperative care for elderly patients with a hip fracture should focus on those issues.

Les fractures associées à l'ostéoporose constituent un problème de santé publique majeur, affectant chaque année un nombre croissant d'individus. Le fardeau de ces fractures est non seulement important en raison de la mortalité et de la morbidité associées à ces fractures, mais aussi à cause des coûts de soins de santé qui y sont reliés. Dans ce contexte, le développement d'outils en matière de surveillance de ces fractures s'est révélé essentiel. Les travaux de cette thèse de doctorat ont pour but d'évaluer la faisabilité de l'utilisation des données recueillies dans le fichier des services rémunérés à l'acte de la Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec (RAMQ) pour l'identification des cas incidents de fracture, d'établir un portrait populationnel des fractures chez les femmes de 50 ans et plus et de quantifier leurs impacts en termes de mortalité et d'utilisation des ressources des soins de santé. Pour atteindre cet objectif, une première étude rétrospective utilisant le fichier des services rémunérés à l'acte de la RAMQ nous a permis de vérifier et de comparer l'exactitude de plusieurs algorithmes utilisés pour l'identification des cas incidents de fracture. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que l'utilisation de ce fichier pour identifier les cas incidents de fracture est réalisable. De plus, l'excellente validité de l'algorithme sélectionné permet d'obtenir des estimateurs précis et valides de l'occurrence des fractures dans la population. À l'aide de l'algorithme validé et le jumelage des données provenant des fichiers médico-administratifs, deux autres études ont été réalisées afin de quantifier les taux d'incidence des fractures, d'évaluer leurs impacts sur la survie des patientes de 50 ans et plus, et d'estimer l'utilisation des ressources médicales dans l'année suivant la fracture. Selon les résultats de ces études, les fractures de fragilisation sont fréquentes chez les femmes de 50 ans et plus. Les fractures de la hanche, du fémur et du bassin sont plutôt rares avant l'âge de 70 ans, mais augmentent substantiellement après cet âge. Tel que prévisible, ces fractures ont un impact important sur la survie des patientes, lequel peut persister plusieurs années après la fracture. De plus, ces fractures nécessitent le recours à de nombreuses ressources médicales puisqu'une grande proportion des femmes présentant ce type de fracture sont hospitalisées. Finalement, nous avons également observé que les autres fractures périphériques surviennent fréquemment après l'âge de 50 ans et que certaines de ces fractures ont aussi un impact sur la survie des patientes. De plus, l'utilisation des ressources médicales associées aux traitements des fractures périphériques est non négligeable tant sur le plan des soins cliniques liés aux traitements chirurgicaux et aux consultations médicales, que sur le plan des hospitalisations. En conclusion, les résultats de nos travaux montrent qu'il est possible d'utiliser le fichier des services rémunérés à l'acte de la RAMQ pour effectuer le repérage des cas incidents de fracture dans la population. L'algorithme développé permet d'élargir la surveillance des fractures pour englober non seulement les fractures de la hanche, mais aussi l'ensemble des sites de fractures associées à l'ostéoporose. De plus, la méthodologie utilisée, qui repose sur l'utilisation de l'algorithme validé et le jumelage des données médico-administratives, permet non seulement d'obtenir des indicateurs sur la prévalence, l'incidence et la mortalité, mais offre également l'opportunité d'élargir la surveillance à d'autres indicateurs tels que ceux qui concernent l'utilisation des services de santé. Par conséquent, nous pouvons conclure que cette méthode permet d'obtenir, de manière efficace et peu coûteuse, des indicateurs d'une grande qualité, tout en offrant l'opportunité d'effectuer de façon continue une surveillance populationnelle des fractures au Québec.

Aim. The overall aims of this study were to develop a tailor-made educational intervention and to examine its effectiveness on short- and longer-term outcomes among Chinese patients with traumatic limb fractures who had undergone surgery. / Background. Fracture limb and undergoing surgery is the common problem after injury. It is the most common source of pain and anxiety and research continues to demonstrate a high prevalence of unrelieved pain in injured patients who have undergone surgery. Patient's belief in pain is the major barrier in pain management. Strategies directed to have appropriate educational interventions are urgently needed to improve patient outcomes for those suffering acute pain after surgery for traumatic limb fracture. / Conclusion. The C-BEI was effective in terms of reducing the pain barrier, providing post-operative pain relief, reducing anxiety, and improving sleep satisfaction in patients with fractured limbs during their first week of hospitalization after surgery. This study has generated evidence supporting the use of a C-BEI in acute pain management. / Method. The study was conducted in the orthopaedic wards of two regional hospitals in Hong Kong and comprised two phases. In phase one, qualitative interviews were conducted with twenty-six Chinese patients who had traumatic limb fractures and were undergoing surgery regarding their experiences of and beliefs about pain management. Ten orthopaedic nurses were also interviewed about their perceived pain management practices and the barriers that prevented better pain control among patients. The findings from these qualitative interviews were used to develop a cognitive behavioural approach educational intervention (C-BEI). C-BEI was used to enhance knowledge of pain, modify their beliefs about pain management and promote positive coping thoughts and behaviour. The C-BEI consisted of two sessions. The first was a 30-minute session comprised a combination of patient education and breathing relaxation exercise and conducted at T0 (1 day before surgery). A 30-minute reinforcement session was conducted at day 7 after surgery (T3). / Results. A total of 125 participants completed the study, with 62 in the experimental group and 63 in the control group. The participants were homogenous in terms of demographic data (P > 0.05) and baseline clinical characteristics (p > 0.05). The short-term outcomes (from T0 to T3) for the participants in the experimental group were a statistically significant with lower pain barrier (p = .003), lower level of pain (p = .003), lower level of anxiety (p &lt; .001), and better sleep satisfaction (p = .001) than the control group. The experimental group had a significantly higher frequency of analgesic use at T2 (p &lt; .001) and better self-efficacy in pain management at T3 (p = .011) than the control group. There were no statistically significant differences in the total length of stay in hospital, although the mean length of stay was shorter in the experimental group than in the control group (8.1 day VS 10.1 days). For longer-term effects, the C-BEI was effective at the post-operative stage in anxiety reduction ( p = .002) and sleep satisfaction improvement (p = .002). There were no statistically significant differences for the VAS pain level, GSE scores, physical health summary component (PCS) and mental health summary component (MCS) of the SF36 between two groups over three months, although the experimental group had better scores in the mental health dimension. Findings of the process evaluation showed that most participants perceived the C-BEI as effective in enhancing their knowledge on pain management and the use of analgesics, and helping them to cope with pain, the could sleep better and regain self-control. / The main study was conducted in phase II which consisted of outcomes and process evaluation. A quasi-experimental design of two groups' pre-test and post-test between subjects was employed for the outcomes evaluation. All participants in the experimental group received the C-BEI and usual care, whereas those in the control group received usual care only. The short-term outcomes were treated as primary outcomes and evaluated in terms of the participants' pain barrier score, pain level (Visual Analogue Pain Scale: VAS, anxiety level (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory:STAI), sleep satisfaction, self-efficacy in pain management (General Self Efficacy Scale: GSE), and frequency of analgesic use. All of which were measured at T0, T1 (day 2), T2 (day 4), and T3 (day 7) after surgery. The total length of stay in hospital of the two groups was also compared. Longer-term outcomes were further evaluated over three months at T4 (1 month) and T5 (3 months), and included the VAS pain level, STAI, sleep satisfaction, GSE and health-related quality of life (SF36).The intention-to-treat method was adopted. The process evaluation involved a qualitative study using telephone interviews. / Wong, Mi Ling, Eliza. / Adviser: Sally Chan. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 71-01, Section: B, page: 0231. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 256-278). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Modélisation des usages des dispositifs TICE dans l'éducation spécialisée des enfants et des adolescents ainsi que dans l'insertion des adultes victimes d'exclusion.<br />Notre approche clinique de l'informatique met l'ordinateur au service de la pédagogie et du transfert et donc, dans sa finalité, au service du sujet. Il s'agit de rompre avec les pratiques traditionnelles d'aide et d'éducation qui dérivent trop souvent sur des logiques de domination et d'assistance donc d'aliénation. Nous avons tenté de créer un environnement humain et technologique offrant à des personnes en difficulté un cadre favorisant l'autonomie et l'émancipation, ce qui nous paraissait la seule voie d'insertion véritablement stable.