No description available.

abstract: In the United States, seasonal influenza is responsible for enormous medical costs and lost earnings as well as thousands of deaths. Medical masks are effective non-pharmaceutical preventions for minimizing the spread of illness in the event of an influenza outbreak. However, people in the United States rarely wear face masks the way many people in Asian countries do. In a previous study of public response to the 2009 influenza A H1N1 pandemic, 71% of United States respondents supported the recommendation to wear a mask during the flu outbreak, while only 8% of respondents reported they wore a mask in public to protect themselves from getting sick. What are the factors that cause this gap? The purpose of this exploratory study is to identify barriers to the wearing of masks among adults in the United States. The research was conducted through an online survey of 84 American residents via the Survey Monkey Audience service to collect their opinions on influenza, mask-wearing, and the perceived barriers to wearing face masks for flu prevention. The results are presented in the descriptive analysis and the non-parametric analysis. The results showed a barrier against social interaction is a significant factor (p=0.003) regarding the impact between flu experience and the perceived barriers. The participants believed mask-wearing may lead other people difficult to perceiving their feelings. Regarding the relationship between mask-wearing experience and the perceived barriers, there were significant differences in perceived benefits (p=0.028), perceived risks (p= 0.003), and social value (p=0.021). Participants who have had worn masks had perceived higher benefits of mask-wearing, higher risks of catching the flu, and a higher agreement of importance to protect other people from getting the flu from them. The most common perceived barrier among the participants is product satisfaction. 85.71% of the participants agreed that wearing face masks is uncomfortable. 80.95% of the participants agreed with the importance to wear face masks as it protects other people from getting the flu from them, but only 37.5% of the participants with flu history had worn face masks. By examining barriers to the wearing of masks for influenza prevention, this study can assess public willingness to adopt personal prevention behaviors and provide information for related policies in the future. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Design 2018

During the advancement of COVID-19, safety protocols (including facial masks) were incorporated into public settings. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), due to safety regulations, recommend wearing face masks when in close contact with other people in public environments, such as in a classroom, where social distancing is difficult. Understanding these CDC recommendations is still critical when looking for effective and safe alternative forms of masking for particular industries. Many industries smoothly transitioned to daily use of traditional cloth masks, but other industries (such as education) serving clients with high communicational needs and communication-centered services sought masking alternatives. This study examines related research to explore the question of whether wearing masks may have any impacts on student engagement, particularly with regards to Early Childhood Education (ECE) or in the Education of Students with Exceptionalities (ESE). Research found that masks have a significant impact on factors of engagement (i.e., physical, behavioral, intellectual, social, emotional; The Glossary of Education Reform, 2016) and suggests transparent masks paired with Remote Microphones as a viable alternative to traditional masking. Future recommendations are provided in hopes of impacting the use of face masks with young students for both safety and for engagement. Future research should focus on ECE or ESE classrooms using observable language and literacy acquisition skills and visual cues related to the Categories of Engagement defined by The Glossary of Education Reform (2016).

Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-28T18:40:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Paula Zenóbia Balduino - 2016.pdf: 1728908 bytes, checksum: 9be0fded92c1a4fb663d04300deb1993 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-03-31T10:36:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Paula Zenóbia Balduino - 2016.pdf: 1728908 bytes, checksum: 9be0fded92c1a4fb663d04300deb1993 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-31T10:36:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Paula Zenóbia Balduino - 2016.pdf: 1728908 bytes, checksum: 9be0fded92c1a4fb663d04300deb1993 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In the present study aimed to analyze samples of cosmetic clays (white, red and green) used in facial treatments with regard to chemical composition, assessing the existence of potentially toxic metals to health, regulated by RDC Resolution nº 48 of ANVISA and their fluorescence concentrations of X-ray energy dispersive (EDXRF). For structural analysis, samples were characterized by diffraction techniques X-ray (XRD) and conventional, high-resolution laser spectroscopy in the infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR), for determining the clay forming and impurities for each sample. In addition, we evaluated the bioavailability of metals in samples by the method proposed by Rodriguez and Diaz the release test metals by acid treatment. The EDXRF analysis for the analyzed clays showed the presence of 5 (Ba, Cr, Pb, Nd and Zr) metals regulated by ANVISA Resolution RDC nº 48 as prohibited. XRD analysis of the fresh samples showed the presence of clays of the kaolinite, illite, halloysite, dickite, montmorillonite and mica muscovite the presence of mineral impurities. In assessing the availability of harmful metals present in samples by treating this acid pointed by XRD technique the progressive decline and the loss of crystallinity of the peaks relating to mineral impurities. In FTIR analysis for fresh samples stands out the band in the region 1382 cm-1 present as an impurity and its removal after acid treatment. It follows therefore that these clays have some undesirable metals in its composition, and to carry out an acid attack these species become available and may cause problems to health, requiring more rigorous quality control because it is a product of continuous use. / No presente estudo objetivou-se analisar amostras de argilas cosméticas (branca, vermelha e verde) usadas em tratamentos faciais com relação à composição química, avaliando a existência de metais potencialmente tóxicos para a saúde, regulados pela resolução RDC nº 48 da ANVISA e suas respectivas concentrações por fluorescência de raios-X com energia dispersiva (EDXRF). Para a análise estrutural, as amostras foram caracterizadas pelas técnicas de difração de raios-X (DRX) convencional e de alta resolução e espectroscopia de absorção na região do infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR), para a determinação dos argilominerais formadores e impurezas presentes para cada amostra. Além disso, avaliou-se a biodisponibilidade dos metais nas amostras pelo método proposto por Rodriguez e Diaz, pelo teste de liberação de metais por tratamento ácido. A análise de EDXRF para as argilas analisadas apontaram a presença de 5 (Ba, Cr, Pb, Nd e Zr) metais regulados pela resolução ANVISA RDC nº 48 como proibidos. A análise de DRX para as amostras in natura das argilas apontaram a presença dos argilominerais caulinita, ilita, haloisita, diquita, montmorilonita e mica muscovita e a presença de impurezas minerais. Ao avaliar a disponibilidade dos metais nocivos presentes nas amostras pelo tratamento ácido este apontou pela técnica de DRX a diminuição progressiva e a perca da cristalinidade dos picos referentes às impurezas minerais. Na análise de FTIR para as amostras in natura destaca-se a banda na região de 1382 cm-1 presente na forma de impureza, e sua remoção após tratamento ácido. Conclui-se, portanto que estas argilas possuem alguns metais indesejáveis em sua composição, e ao realizar um ataque ácido estas espécies se tornam disponíveis, podendo ocasionar problemas a saúde, sendo necessário um maior rigor no controle de qualidade por se tratar de um produto de uso contínuo.

No description available.

Yes / This study adopts a theory of reasoned action approach to understand consumers’ mask wearing when shopping in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated mask wearing while shopping as a prosocial consumption behaviour whereby self-oriented benefits and others-oriented benefits are added as proposed drivers of attitudes and perceived social norms. Empirical evidence from a survey in France and Germany confirms a strong effect of social norms on mask-wearing intentions. Moreover, altruistic benefits predict mask-wearing intentions, with attitude and subjective norms as mediators. In contrast, self-expression benefits of mask wearing only influence perceived social norms and not attitudes; this effect differs between the countries. Our findings guide scholars, policy makers and practitioners to steer consumers’ mask wearing as a prosocial behaviour. / Received support from central internationalization funds of Universität Hamburg.

Surgical face masks have been designed to protect health care professionals from the splashes of the patients’ blood or body fluids and also to minimise the transmission of oro- and nasopharyngeal bacteria from the surgical team to the patient’s wounds, thereby decreasing the likelihood of postoperative surgical site infections during a surgical procedure. However, there are several ways in which surgical face masks could potentially contribute to contamination of the wound during a surgical procedure in the operating room. The objectives of this study were to explore and describe the effectiveness of surgical face masks as a protective barrier during a surgical procedure in the operating room in the public hospitals in the North West Province, South Africa and to formulate recommendations regarding surgical face masks worn by health care professionals during a surgical procedure in the operating rooms. A systematic review was conducted, followed by a quantitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual approach. The motivation for a systematic review was to search evidence on surgical face mask efficiency. A search strategy was conducted in February and March 2012 and the total initial search was 9,933 research articles. Screening of articles on effectiveness of surgical face masks during a surgical procedure was done. After six months the search was updated and the final sample of six relevant articles (n=6) was obtained. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were critically appraised based on the scores using standardised critical appraisal tools. The findings of this research project were synthesised and evaluated in order to come to conclusions. Conclusions were integrated and synthesised as the basis of developing a clear overview of the best quality empirical evidence about effectiveness of surgical face masks during a surgical procedure in the operating room. Recommendations were formulated for the nursing practice, education and research focussing on wearing a surgical face mask during a surgical procedure in the operating room. Reviewer’s conclusion: From the limited results it is unclear whether wearing surgical face masks during a surgical procedure in the operating room serve as a protective device for both surgical team and the patient. There is a need for further research. / Thesis (MCur)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Surgical face masks have been designed to protect health care professionals from the splashes of the patients’ blood or body fluids and also to minimise the transmission of oro- and nasopharyngeal bacteria from the surgical team to the patient’s wounds, thereby decreasing the likelihood of postoperative surgical site infections during a surgical procedure. However, there are several ways in which surgical face masks could potentially contribute to contamination of the wound during a surgical procedure in the operating room. The objectives of this study were to explore and describe the effectiveness of surgical face masks as a protective barrier during a surgical procedure in the operating room in the public hospitals in the North West Province, South Africa and to formulate recommendations regarding surgical face masks worn by health care professionals during a surgical procedure in the operating rooms. A systematic review was conducted, followed by a quantitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual approach. The motivation for a systematic review was to search evidence on surgical face mask efficiency. A search strategy was conducted in February and March 2012 and the total initial search was 9,933 research articles. Screening of articles on effectiveness of surgical face masks during a surgical procedure was done. After six months the search was updated and the final sample of six relevant articles (n=6) was obtained. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were critically appraised based on the scores using standardised critical appraisal tools. The findings of this research project were synthesised and evaluated in order to come to conclusions. Conclusions were integrated and synthesised as the basis of developing a clear overview of the best quality empirical evidence about effectiveness of surgical face masks during a surgical procedure in the operating room. Recommendations were formulated for the nursing practice, education and research focussing on wearing a surgical face mask during a surgical procedure in the operating room. Reviewer’s conclusion: From the limited results it is unclear whether wearing surgical face masks during a surgical procedure in the operating room serve as a protective device for both surgical team and the patient. There is a need for further research. / Thesis (MCur)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

El presente proyecto trata del análisis de factibilidad para el establecimiento de una empresa de fabricación de indumentaria de seguridad e higiene de uso hospitalario, considerando una proyección de 5 años. Nuestra marca “HIDMED”, por sus siglas en inglés High Indumentary Design, expresa la alta calidad y el diseño que brindaremos con la indumentaria que produciremos. Los productos estarán dirigidos al sector salud, siendo nuestros clientes potenciales: Hospitales MINSA, ESSALUD, Centros Médicos y Clínicas Privadas de Lima y Callao, los cuales serán elaborados en tela no tejida de polipropileno con ligas en el borde para un buen ajuste y cobertura total que evita el contacto con el producto, su diseño impide la transferencia de agentes contaminantes físicos brindando seguridad, bienestar y comodidad al personal de salud. Estos son toca tipo tira y mascarilla plana. La oportunidad de negocio se basa luego de observar la escasez y barreras comerciales para estos productos en el país además del crecimiento de este mercado en los próximos años, otros factores a evaluar son el incremento de centros asistenciales tanto públicos como privados y varios factores micro y macro económicos los cuales nos indican que el crecimiento de la economía en el Perú nos brinda un entorno adecuado para la realización de este proyecto. Nuestra estrategia será de diferenciación al ofrecer ambos productos de mayor calidad acordes al mercado local que actualmente la competencia importa los productos en baja resistencia y calidad. / The present project deals with the feasibility analysis for the establishment of a company for the manufacture of safety and hygiene clothing for hospital use, considering a projection of 5 years. Our brand "HIDMED", for its acronym in English High Indumentary Design, expresses the high quality and design that we provide with the clothing that we will produce. The products will be directed to the health sector, being our potential clients: Hospitals MINSA, ESSALUD, Medical Centers and Private Clinics of Lima and Callao, which will be made of non-woven polypropylene fabric with garters on the edge for a good fit and full coverage that avoids contact with the product, its design prevents the transfer of physical contaminants providing safety, well-being and comfort to health personnel. These are Tap type strip and Flat mask. The business opportunity is based on observing the scarcity and trade barriers for these products in the country as well as the growth of this market in the coming years, other factors to be evaluated are the increase of both public and private assistance centers and several micro and economic macro which indicate that the growth of the economy in Perú gives us an adequate environment for the realization of this project. Our strategy will be of differentiation by offering both products of higher quality according to the local market that currently the competition imports the products in low resistance and quality. / Trabajo de investigación

Introduktion: Ett av röntgensjuksköterskans ansvarsområden är att förebygga spridning av vårdrelaterade infektioner, och inom interventionell radiologi innebär detta att arbeta med aseptisk teknik. Munskydd har varit standard inom kirurgi i ett århundrade men inom interventionell radiologi saknas nationella riktlinjer för dess användande, trots att den sterila tekniken i övrigt är densamma. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att klargöra huruvida kirurgiska munskydd kan förebygga infektion hos patienten vid interventionell radiologi. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en allmän litteraturöversikt enligt Friberg (2017) för att sammanställa kunskapsläget inom området. Tolv kvantitativa artiklar hittades genom systematisk litteratursökning i PubMed. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades, analyserades och resultatet presenterades i två huvudkategorier. Resultat: Munskydd har ingen påvisad effekt att förebygga postoperativa sårinfektioner vid kirurgi eller coronarangiografi men förhindrar till viss del spridning av bakterier. Slutsats: Forskningen på munskydd är begränsad vilket gör det svårt att dra några slutsatser. Fler studier som fokuserar på munskydds effektivitet inom interventionell radiologi behövs. Författarna anser att munskydd inom interventionell radiologi inte bör vara obligatoriskt utan upp till varje avdelning att från fall till fall bestämma huruvida det ska användas eller inte. / Introduction: One of the radiographer's responsibilities is to prevent the spread of healthcare-associated infections. In interventional radiology, this means working with aseptic technique. Surgical face mask protection has been the standard of surgery for a century, but in interventional radiology there are no national guidelines for its use, even though the sterile technique is the same. Aim: The aim of this study was to clarify whether surgical face masks prevent infection in patient in interventional radiology. Methodology: A literature review (Friberg, 2017) has been done to identify the current knowledge in the field. The study includes twelve quantitative articles collected through a systematic literature search in PubMed. After quality review the articles were analyzed and presented into two main categories. Result: Concerning postoperative wound infections, there is no strong evidence to prove that using surgical face masks prevents infections during surgery or coronary angiography. However, using such mask prevents the spread of bacteria to some extent. Conclusion: Research on oral protection is limited, making it difficult to draw any conclusions. A set of new tests are needed to identify the effect of using mask in today’s interventional radiology. Based on the results of the studies, it can be concluded that: generally, mouth protection within interventional radiology should not be mandatory. However, each radiology department need to consider the operating condition and status of the patient and decide if the personal should follow mouth protection process.