Several studies have been reviewed to get an understanding of where the real estate industry, and more specifically within facility management, stand in regards to digitalization. Implementing digitalization of the Real Estate industry has been researched as a possibility for some time now. Furthermore, the industry needs to make better use of the data in hand created by these digitalized solutions. This thesis uses a quantitative approach through a data analysis, studying underlying factors that affect fault reports, with data on this matter from three Swedish real estate housing companies. Studying this in regards to fault reports in general, non-digitalized fault reports, and digitalized fault reports. The result of the data analysis implies that there are several variables that are statistically proven to affect the amount of fault reports made. This result is then discussed arguing for reasons of this outcome, as well as the literature study related to this subject. / Flertalet studier har undersökts för att få en förståelse över vart fastighetsindustrin, och mer specifikt inom fastighetsförvaltning, står i utvecklingen gällande digitalisering. Implementeringen av digitalisering inom fastighetsindustrin har undersökts som en möjlighet över en längre tid nu. Dessutom måste industrin göra bättre användning av den data som finns tillgänglig av dessa digitala lösningar. Denna avhandling använder en kvantitativ metod genom en dataanalys och studerar underliggande faktorer som påverkar felanmälningar, med data från tre svenska bostads fastighetsföretag. Detta studeras genom att titta generellt på alla felanmälningar, icke-digitaliserade felanmälningar, och digitaliserade felanmälningar. Resultatet av dataanalysen säger att det finns flera variabler som är statistiskt bevisat att de påverkat antalet felanmälningar som gjorts. Resultatet är sedan diskuterat genom att argumentera för anledningar till utfallet, såväl som litteraturstudien relaterat till ämnet i sig.

No description available.

Flera studier har visat att vädret har en inverkan på både vad vi konsumerar och när vi väljer att konsumera. Därför undersöktes antagandet att vädret kan påverka fler aspekter av våra liv, så som rörelsemönster. Idén att relatera det till FM kom på grund av att många fastighetsbolag går igenom en digitaliseringsfas för tillfället och därmed uppkommer behovet av att implementera nya typer av lösningar. Fastigheter har tidigare legat efter i digitaliseringsarbetet i kombination med att de inte har kunnat påverka sin inkomst förutom att höja sina årshyror. Därför har de potential att dra mest nytta av ny digitalisering, både när de kommer till effektivitet och ekonomisk vinning. Studien bygger på fastigheten Skrapan i Stockholm, där ett företag som heter Optiqo arbetar med att optimera fastighetens facility management. En del av deras jobb har varit att samla in data om användning av hygienutrymmen och optimera det städschemat. Optiqo har redan visat stor intjäningspotential samt implementerat en första version av detta, där en sensor mäter hur många personer som besökte toaletterna och sedan skickar en arbetsorder för städning när ett visst antal uppnås. Syftet med studien är att undersöka om fler parametrar skulle kunna implementeras in i detta system för att ännu bättre förutsäga och optimera städschemat. I denna rapport undersöks väder och andra potentiella användningsområden diskuteras. Väderdata har samlats in från SMHI och sedan jämförts med aktivitetsdata från Optiqo för att försöka fastställa mönster och trender. Testerna gjordes genom manuell jämförelse i Excel tillsammans med statistikprogrammet SPSS. Resultaten visar en tydlig korrelation mellan temperatur och aktivitet, som var statistiskt resonabel, medan de andra parametrarna inte kunde förklaras till fullo statistiskt. Korrelationen skulle kunna användas för ytterligare studier eller till och med implementeras i mindre skalor redan idag. Användningsområdena kan sträcka sig från att erbjuda extra försäljning i en anläggning när fler människor förväntas besöka den, till att skapa en dynamisk gräns för när en anläggning behöver städas, beroende på hur nedsmutsad en yta blir under ett specifikt väderscenario. / Multiple studies have shown that weather has an impact on both what we consume and when we choose to consume. Therefore, the assumption that weather might affect more aspects of our life, like movement patterns, was investigated. The idea to relate it to facility management came due to many real estate companies going through a digitalization phase and thus the need to implement new types of solutions. Real estates are also known for not being too involved in the digitalization in the past, as well as not being able to affect their income in many ways except raising their annual rents. Hence, they have the potential to benefit the most from new digital solutions, both in effectiveness and financial gain. The study is based on the property Skrapan in Stockholm, where a company called Optiqo works with optimizing the facility management. One part of their job has been to collect data regarding usage of restrooms and optimize the cleaning schedule. Optiqo have already proven big earnings potential as well as implemented a first version of this, where sensors measure how many people visited the restrooms and then sends a working order when a set number is reached. The aim of the study is to investigate if more parameters could be worked into this system to better predict and optimize the cleaning schedule. In this report weather is being examined and other possible usages of these parameters discussed. Weather data has been collected from SMHI and then compared with the activity data provided by Optiqo to try to determine patterns and trends. The tests were made by a manual comparison in excel along with the statistical program SPSS. The results showed a clear correlation with temperature and activity that was statistically reasonable, while the other parameters could not be explained to the fullest statistically. The correlation could be used for further studies or even be implemented at smaller scales today. The usages could range from offering extra sales in a facility when more people are predicted to visit, to creating a dynamic limit for when a facility needs to be cleaned, depending on how soiled a surface gets based on the sought-after weather scenario.

With the acceleration of climate change, mitigating climate impacts in all aspects of society is key to ensuring a sustainable development. The building sector is responsible for a major share of global carbon emissions, and in Sweden about a fifth of national greenhouse gas emissions derive from the different stages of building operations. Currently, there are legal requirements concerning sustainability reports for organisations’ overall operations within the sector, and climate impact calculations for new productions and building materials are also common. However, for facility management services, which include for example service and administration connected to properties, there are no systematic methods for calculating the climate impacts in detail.  Riksbyggen is a Swedish cooperative company operating within the building sector and provides, amongst other things, facility management services to tenant-owned cooperatives and commercial customers. They conduct sustainability reports annually but have not yet evaluated the climate impacts from facility management services. The aim of this study is therefore to construct a model for calculating and allocating climate impacts to Riksbyggen’s facility management service supply. Employing a mixed-method approach, including a literature review, interviews and data collection, a model for allocating climate impacts is proposed. The model design consists of three steps: compilation of climate impact data, mapping of facility management services as well as an allocation procedure.  Applying the model to Riksbyggen’s climate impact figures in 2019, this study finds three facility management services (Regularly cleaning, Remedial maintenance and Bonum) with significantly large climate impacts. With the climate impact figures from 2020 published during the process of this study, the model is once again applied and provides a comparison between the two years, showcasing a slight difference in the distribution across the service supply. The findings further show that transports play a central part in how the climate impacts per service vary. Therefore, one sensitivity analysis and two scenarios relating to transport activities are conducted, corroborating the significant influence of transports on the climate impact figures per service.  Future applications of the model include incorporating the modelling results into maintenance planning, annual reports and product sheets, both for the case of Riksbyggen as well as other organisations. Furthermore, the climate impact figures can possibly work as a supporting element for tracking the progress of the SBTi within facility management organisations. Finally, potential uncertainties with the model design are addressed, as well as relevant future additions to improve the accuracy of the results. / Med klimatförändringarnas framfart är det allt viktigare att minska klimatpåverkan i alla delar av samhället för att möjliggöra en hållbar utveckling. Byggsektorn står idag för en markant del av de globala koldioxidutsläppen, och i Sverige härstammar en femtedel av de nationella växthusgasutsläppen från olika delar av byggskedet. I nuläget finns det lagkrav kring hur företag inom sektorn ska rapportera sin klimatpåverkan från dess övergripande verksamhet i hållbarhetsredovisningar, och det är även vanligt med beräkningar av klimatpåverkan från nyproduktioner och byggmaterial. För förvaltningstjänster, som inkluderar exempelvis service och administration kopplat till fastigheter, finns däremot inget systematiskt tillvägagångssätt att beräkna klimatpåverkan på detaljnivå.  Riksbyggen är ett svenskt kooperativt företag som arbetar inom byggsektorn och bland annat erbjuder förvaltningstjänster till bostadsrättsföreningar samt kommersiella kunder. De rapporterar sin klimatpåverkan i årliga hållbarhetsredovisningar, men har ännu inte en metod för att beräkna klimatpåverkan för varje förvaltningstjänst. Målet med denna studie är därför att bygga en modell för att beräkna och allokera klimatpåverkan från Riksbyggens förvaltningstjänster. Genom att tillämpa en kombination av kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder, såsom litteraturstudie, intervjuer samt datainsamling, föreslås en modell för att allokera klimatpåverkan. Modellstrukturen innehåller tre steg; sammanställning av klimatdata, kartläggning av förvaltningstjänster samt ett allokeringssteg.  Genom att applicera modellen på Riksbyggen klimatdata från 2019 visar denna studie att tre tjänster från utbudet av förvaltningstjänster (Regelmässig städning, Avhjälpande underhåll och Bonum) har särskilt hög klimatpåverkan. Under projektets gång publicerade Riksbyggen sin klimatdata från 2020. Därmed appliceras modellen även på 2020 och tyder på skillnader i distributionen av klimatpåverkan mellan de två åren. Studien visar även att transporter har en betydande roll för hur klimatpåverkan varierar mellan de olika tjänsterna. Därför genomförs en känslighetsanalys samt två scenarion relaterade till transporter, som stärker slutsatsen att transporter spelar en stor roll för respektive tjänsts klimatpåverkan.  Framtida tillämpningsområden för modellen inkluderar att använda siffrorna för klimatpåverkan per förvaltningstjänst i underhållsplaner, årsredovisningar samt produktblad, både för fallstudien Riksbyggen men även för andra organisationer som arbetar med fastighetsförvaltning. Utöver detta kan modellen potentiellt fungera som ett stöd för att mäta framstegen inom The Science Based Targets initative (SBTi). Till sist adresseras möjliga osäkerheter i modellen, samt relevanta tillägg för att i framtiden kunna förbättra noggrannheten av resultaten.

Computer applications have become popular and widespread in architecture and other related fields. While the architect uses a computer for design and construction of a building, the user takes the advantage of computer for maintenance of the building. Inventory and facility management are two such fields where computer applications have become predominant. The project has investigated the use and application of different commercially available computer software in the above mentioned fields. A set of user requirements for inventory and facility management were established for different organizations. Four different types of software were chosen to examine their capabilities for fulfilling the requirements. Software from different vendors were chosen to compare and study the feasibility of application of each. The process of evaluation has been developed as a methodology for assessing different computer software applications in inventory and facility management: Special software applications and hardware considerations for developing computer-aided inventory and facility management, has also been discussed. The documentation and evaluation of software shall provide a person the basic knowledge of computer applications in inventory and facility management. The study shall also help building managers and facility managers develop their own criteria for choosing computer software to fulfill their particular requirements / Master of Science

The quality of healthcare environments has been linked to patient safety, patient and staff stress, clinical output, and patient outcome. As part of maintaining the physical environment within the healthcare settings facility managers need to ensure that complex systems are working properly. Facility management tasks need to be completed with minimal interference with clinical services. This is often difficult to do because facility information is often stored in multiple systems and may be inadequate and incomplete. Communication and exchange of information throughout the lifecycle and throughout the operational phase of the building is fragmented. Relevant information and effective facility information management are important for efficient operation and maintenance of the facility. It is even more important when systems are being constantly upgraded and renovated due to new technologies and for the need for facility managers to do more work with fewer resources. This research is examining the link between facility management and clinical activities, especially in terms of information exchange and management. A framework is proposed to help facility managers more efficiently manage healthcare facility information. Case analysis was completed on facility related patient safety events to determine the types of information needed and exchanged through the event's response by facility personnel. The information was then organized into a product model and ontology to help capture, manage, and retrieve the information. The goal of the research is to offer a method of storing healthcare facility information in an efficient and effective manner to support facility managers in their response to patient safety events. This dissertation outlines the objectives of this research and the methodologies used in the case analysis. The development of the product model and information exchanges identified is also discussed. Lastly, conceptual model for a prototype was developed and is presented to demonstrate how the product model and ontology can be used to allow the user to query information and interact with the system. / Ph. D.

För en effektiv digital informationshantering i förvaltningsfasen, måste informationsleveranser kravställas för att uppfylla förvaltarens informationsbehov. Trots existerande standarder och dataformat, som finns för att stötta kravställningen på en BIM-baserad överlämning, är det en utmaning för förvaltare att veta vad de behöver kravställa. Syftet med rapporten var att undersöka förvaltarens behov och utmaningar i samband med digitala modeller och överlämningar mellan projekt och förvaltning. Vidare analyserades hur existerande standarder för att stötta beställare och förvaltare i kravställning används inom olika förvaltningsorganisationer i dagsläget. Rapporten syftade också till att klarlägga varför krav bör ställas på informationsöverlämningen samt hur det kan påverka förvaltningsorganisationens arbete.   Resultatet visar att användningen av BIM och digitala modeller är låg inom förvaltningsorganisationer, vilket till stor del beror på att det innebär stora kostnader att implementera dessa system. Digitaliseringen av förvaltningsbranschen har generellt nått till att använda sig av förvaltningssystem som visualiserar ritningar, och databaser som innehåller mappstrukturer för att organisera dokument och handlingar.  Standarder som används berör endast traditionella krav på CAD-ritningar så som lagerstruktur, namngivning av handlingar och layouter, redovisning av utrymmen och numrering. I stort noterades en förståelse för behovet av ytterligare digitalisering och en vilja att hitta nya sätt att arbeta, då många respondenter uttryckte att nuvarande system är tidskrävande att arbeta i. En av de mest betydande slutsatserna från studien är att genom att inte tydligt specificera och kravställa överlämnad information, riskerar förvaltare att förlora viktiga data eller att inte få den i önskad form. Detta kan leda till förseningar, högre kostnader och ökat arbete för att komplettera bristfällig information. / For effective digital information management during the operational phase, information deliveries must be specified to meet the facility manager's information needs. Despite existing standards and data formats designed to support the requirements for a BIM-based handover, it remains a challenge for facility managers to know what they need to specify. The purpose of the report was to investigate the facility manager's needs and challenges associated with digital models and handovers between project and facility management. Additionally, the report analyzed how existing standards used to support clients and facility managers in specifying requirements are currently applied within various facility management organizations. The report also aimed to clarify why requirements should be imposed on information handovers and how it can affect the work of the facility management organization. The findings indicate that the use of BIM and digital models is low within facility management organizations, largely due to the high costs of implementing these systems. The digitization of the facility management industry has generally reached the point of using facility management systems that visualize drawings and databases containing folder structures to organize documents and records. The standards used primarily concern traditional requirements for CAD drawings, such as layer structure, naming conventions, layout designs, space reporting, and numbering. Overall, there was an understanding of the need for further digitization and a desire to find new ways of working, as many respondents expressed that current systems are time-consuming to work with. One of the most significant conclusions from the study is that by not clearly specifying and setting requirements for the information handed over, facility managers risk losing important data or not receiving it in the desired format. This can lead to delays, higher costs, and increased effort to supplement incomplete information.

Submitted by Uilliam Castro (uilliam.de.castro@gmail.com) on 2017-02-13T13:47:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_Dissertação_Roberta Teles_DOC.pdf: 15708788 bytes, checksum: 5b4b3104a32ca008f0b48207b76503ec (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca de Arquitetura (bibarq@ufba.br) on 2017-12-15T15:53:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_Dissertação_Roberta Teles_DOC.pdf: 15708788 bytes, checksum: 5b4b3104a32ca008f0b48207b76503ec (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-15T15:53:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_Dissertação_Roberta Teles_DOC.pdf: 15708788 bytes, checksum: 5b4b3104a32ca008f0b48207b76503ec (MD5) / De uma forma geral é difícil associar recursos tão avançados da tecnologia à forma que se conduz a operação e a manutenção nas edificações na atualidade. Quando se refere à adoção de recursos tecnológicos nesta etapa do ciclo de vida da edificação, é comum relacioná-los a métodos tradicionais de operação, uma grande quantidade de documentos, que geralmente não são achados quando necessário, ou recursos utilizados para desenvolver a manutenção preditiva. Este cenário não é diferente na Faculdade de Arquitetura da UFBA (FAUFBA), onde os processos de operação e manutenção seguem padrões tradicionais, de pouca eficiência e eficácia, que dependem de departamentos como a Superintendência de Meio Ambiente e Infraestrutura da UFBA (SUMAI), responsável pela manutenção e conservação dos campi de Salvador: campus Federação / Ondina, campus do Canela, das unidades dispersas e também do campus Anísio Teixeira em Vitória da Conquista. O presente trabalho aborda a utilização da tecnologia CAFM em Instituições de Ensino Superior. Para tanto, foram analisados estudos de caso sobre a aplicação de CAFM na operação e na manutenção de Universidades nacionais e no exterior. Foram identificadas as dificuldades e a metodologia adotada para a implementação da tecnologia, que propõe a concentração de informações essenciais ao processo de gestão da edificação. Diante de recursos promissores, desde a gestão de instalações físicas à gestão de pessoas, a FAUFBA foi utilizada como objeto de trabalho para a implementação do Sistema de Alocação de Espaços em uma aplicação de Facilities Management. Para este propósito, foram utilizados modelos BIM das edificações que compõem a FAUFBA para a realização de testes. Ressaltase a importância da precisão dos dados alfanuméricos ou geométricos, visto que, este é um sistema de banco de dados espacialmente referenciado, ou seja, um repositório de informações, que é de grande valor durante a etapa de operação e manutenção da edificação. / . / In general, it is difficult to associate such advanced technology resources with the way that operation and maintenance in today's buildings is conducted. Regarding the adoption of technological resources at this stage of edification life cycle, it is common to relate them to traditional methods of operation. Usually a large number of documents are not found when necessary, or resources used to develop predictive maintenance. This scenario is no different in the Faculty of Architecture of UFBA (FAUFBA), where operation and maintenance processes follow traditional, lowefficiency and efficacious standards, which depend on departments such as the UFBA Superintendence of the Environment and Infrastructure (SUMAI), responsible for the maintenance and conservation of the campuses of Salvador: Federação / Ondina campus, Canela campus, dispersed units and also the Anísio Teixeira campus in Vitória da Conquista. The present work deals with the use of CAFM technology in Higher Education Institutions. Therefore, we analyzed case studies on the application of CAFM in the operation and maintenance of national universities and abroad. We identified the difficulties and the methodology adopted for the implementation of the technology, which proposes the concentration of essential information to the process of building management. Considering the necessities of the university with regards of management of physical facilities and personnel, it was used as a work object for the implementation of the Space Allocation System, using Facilities Management. For this purpose, BIM models of the buildings that make up the FAUFBA were used to carry out tests. The importance of the precision of the alphanumeric or geometric data is emphasized, since this is a spatially referenced database system - a repository of information, which is of great value during the stage of operation and maintenance of the building.

While the use of BIM (Building Information Modelling) has been increasing over the last decade and enabled a more integrated collaboration of different disciplines in the construction industry, its implementation in the operation phase of a building is still in its infancy in Sweden. Studies have been conducted to identify barriers and opportunities associated with the use of BIM in building operations and maintenance. There is a lack of research proposing a holistic approach to the evaluation of the value of BIM in operation and maintenance from the perspective of economic, ecological, and social sustainability. Therefore, this paper aims to follow up on the identified research gap by investigating: How sustainable value is created using BIM in operation and maintenance from an owner’s perspective?  A sustainable value framework is applied to the findings of an extensive literature review and compared to the reflections of Swedish industry professionals in semi-structured interviews. Based on the value destroyed or missed for key stakeholders by current O&M practices, the opportunities created with the use of BIM are highlighted. It was found that the most added value is expected from an economic and social perspective, reducing current inefficiencies in the integration of databases and documents, process structures, and knowledge management. More efficient information management and improved data accuracy is expected to enable better services, increase employee motivation, and optimize space management. Major struggles highlighted by the industry representatives are costs and a very fragmented work towards the implementation, often limited to internal efforts or small national initiatives. Based on the findings, further research will be needed to test and validate quantitative metrics in case studies, assess to what extent standards can promote the faster and more predictable implementation of BIM in O&M. In addition, the social value implications of using BIM in O&M should be evaluated more in detail. / Medan användningen av BIM (Byggnadsinformationsmodeller) under projekteringen och produktionen av byggnader har ökat under de senaste årtionde och möjliggjorde ett mer integrerat samarbete mellan olika discipliner inom byggindustrin, är implementeringen i driftsfasen fortfarande ovanligt i Sverige. Studier har genomförts för att identifiera hinder och möjligheter som är förknippade med användningen av BIM inom förvaltningen. Det är brist på forskning som föreslår en helhetssyn på utvärderingen av BIM:s värde i drift och underhåll ur perspektivet av ekonomisk, ekologisk och social hållbarhet. Syftet med detta arbete är att identifiera forskningsluckan genom att undersöka frågan: Hur skapas hållbart värde med hjälp av BIM i drift och underhåll ur en ägarens perspektiv? En modell för hållbart värde appliceras på resultaten som omfattas av litteraturöversikt och som jämförs med reflektionerna från svenskt branschrepresentanter i semistrukturerade intervjuer. Baserat på värdet som förstörs eller saknas för de viktiga intressenterna i nuvarande praxis i förvaltningen, diskuteras möjligheter som skapas med användning av BIM. Mest mervärde förväntas utifrån ett ekonomiskt och socialt perspektiv, vilket minskar den nuvarande ineffektivitet i integrationen av databaser och dokument, process strukturer och kunskapshantering. Mer effektiv informationshantering och förbättrad datasäkerhet förväntas möjliggöra bättre tjänster, öka medarbetarnas motivation och optimera utrymmeshantering. Stora frågetecken som branschrepresentanterna framhäver är kostnader och ett mycket fragmenterat arbete mot implementering, ofta begränsat till interna ansträngningar eller små nationella initiativ. Baserat på resultaten kommer ytterligare undersökningar behövas för att testa och validera kvantitativa mätvärden i fallstudier, för att bedöma i vilken utsträckning standarder kan främja en snabbare och mer förutsägbar implementering av BIM i drift och underhåll. Dessutom bör det sociala värdet av att använda BIM i förvaltning utvärderas mer detaljerat.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate an inspection model that will facilitate the work for Strängnäs Fastighets AB inspectors. Method: The method of this study consists of a case study in which the company´s routines was analyzed through site visits, interviews, review of the work routines and documents. The case study is supplemented by a literature study where, above all, legal requirements and to a certain extent research in the area. Results: The Analyzing of the routines resulted in the company having limited or no routines at all for inspection of the buildings. This meant that the work was based on response to complaints rather than proactive work. According to that background, a model was established based on other organization's inspection models as well as suggestions and ideas from the company itself. The model was then further adapted through tests and feedback from the company to be able to apply to as many types of buildings as possible. Conclusions: This study concludes that it is possible to customize an inspection model to some extent by the use of other organizations methods.