The main aim of the project is the creation of a CFD model for a plant in the Falun Hospital in Sweden. CFD is a new area of engineering that appears because of the great improvement in the computers last years. Creating a CFD model is a difficult process but the model is capable to give a great amount of data and also the model allows predicting the results when parameters of the system are changed so the model lets to save money and time and becomes an interesting tool to choose the optimal solution for the system. In this case the system studied is the air distributed by the ventilation system inside a plant of the Falun Hospital. The model have to predict the characteristics of the airflows inside the plant, how the air moves through the different areas of the plant and how these airflows affects in the distribution of temperature inside the plant. Also the model has to become a use tool to analyze possible changes in the ventilation system to improve it. And a tool to get boundary conditions to study specific areas of this zone in future studies. The project its part of a bigger project performed by the department of energy technology from Gävle university “Consequences in comfort and inside environment at energy optimization within the health care sector”. The project it is a study of the use of energy in health care buildings in Sweden after the analysis of the energy usage a study to optimize the use of the energy and how these changes affects the patient and workers climate comfort in these buildings. The CFD model have to be a tool that helps in the study of the ventilation system and the relation with the comfort in the Falun Hospital and also a tool to choose an optimal solution for the ventilation system after changes to improve the energy usage in the building avoiding the use of experimental changes in the hospital.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka elevernas sociala bakgrund på Elementarläroverket för flickor i Falun under tidsperioden 1875-1948. De källor som ligger till grund för undersökningen består av noteringar om fädernas yrke hämtade ur matriklar från flickskolans arkiv. Uppsatsen ämnar också undersöka hur undervisningsplanen såg ut och vilka flickor som, när möjlighet fanns, tog sig vidare till gymnasium eller vilka som fick avsluta sin utbildning för att återvända hem. Kartläggningen över flickornas sociala bakgrunder undersöks över tid för att se om någon förändring skett i den sociala rekryteringen. Resultatet visar att eleverna vid flickskolan främst kom från samhällets mellersta skikt något som i undersökningen benämns som Socialgrupp 2. Undersökningen visade även att flickornas fäder i första hand utövade yrken inom yrkeskategorin tjänstemän på mellannivå. När det kommer till vilka flickor som läste vidare på gymnasium var det i första hand flickor ur samhällets högsta skikt, Socialgrupp 1 som tog sig vidare till högre utbildning. De elever som avbröt sina studier förändrades över tid och varierade också med social bakgrund.

The Falun area has been undergoing mining activity for a very long time and miningslag piled up and was used as foundations for building houses and roads, Ingarvetstarted expanding in the 1970s to an industrial area. The main goal for this report is toreconstruct a soil map of how the landscape was before anthropogenic effects. With thehelp of ArcGIS and geotechnical reports a soil map for parts of Ingarvet, Falun werecreated. / Området kring Falun har haft gruvaktivitet under en väldigt lång tid där slagg produkter har förvarats nära gruvan och utgjort grunden för många byggnader och vägar. Expansionen av Ingarvet tog fart på 1970-talet till det industriområde det är idag, geotekniska rapporter användes för att få rätt grund och pålning till byggnaderna. Med hjälp av de geotekniska rapporterna så återskapas en jordartskarta på hur landskapet såg ut innan den antropogeniska påverkning det här området har haft under en väldigt lång tid.

Doct. diss.--Institute of archaeology--University of Stockholm, 1992.

Thesis (M.Journ.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 44-45). Also available in print.

Gestaltning av ett kombinerat hotell och vandrarhem i Falun

Ett problem i dagens moderna samhälle är att bullernivåerna är för höga. Dessa höga bullernivåer är en hälsorisk och kan ge människan permanenta skador. Buller är något som inte får försummas. Syftet med examensarbetet är att identifiera och kartlägga bullret på Holmgatan i centrala Falun. Syftet är också att analysera resultatet och sätta det i förhållande till myndigheternas krav och riktlinjer avseende bullernivåer. Examensarbetet avgränsas till bullermätning och kartläggning på delar av Holmgatan i centrala Falun, som bedömts vara extra utsatta för buller. Bullermätningarna utfördes under fyra vardagar och under tider från det att de flesta affärer öppnar till att de stänger, kl. 10-18. Metoden bestod utav bullermätningar som utfördes med en timmes intervall längs den utvalda delen av Holmgatan. Dagarna då dessa mätningar utfördes var 2/12 till 5/12-2013. Resultatet redovisas som medelvärdet per timme av alla dagar då bullermätningarna utfördes. Resultatet varierade, det lägsta bullermedelvärdet var 57 dB och det högsta bullermedelvärdet var 83 dB. Det syns tydligt att de högre värdena ligger närmare en gata som används av bussar och andra transportfordon. De lägre värdena låg oftast i närheten av Geislerka parken, som är en stor och öppen yta mitt i Holmgatan. Över lag så låg bullermedelvärdena mellan 60-65 dB. Slutsatsen tyder på att bullernivån på Holmgatan överskrider inte myndigheternas krav på vad som anses som skadligt men ligger strax under riktlinjerna för maximalnivån för utomhusbuller (70 dB). Åtgärder såsom att plantera vegitation på fasader och omleda trafiken skulle kunna vidtas för att minska bullernivån på Holmgatan. / A problem in today's modern society is that the noise levels are too high. These high levels of noise is a health hazard and can give man permanent damage. Noise pollution is something that must not be neglected. The purpose of this study is to identify and map the noise on Holmgatan in central Falun. The purpose is also to analyze the results and put them in relation with the regulatory requirements and guidelines regarding noise levels and to analyze the results and see if actions should be taken against the noise on Holmgatan. The thesis is limited to noise measurements and mapping of parts of Holmgatan, considered to be especially vulnerable to noise. Noise measurements were conducted during four weekdays and during times from when most stores open to most of them then closing, at. 10-18. The method consisted of noise measurements which were performed at hourly intervals along the selected portion of Holmgatan. The days on which these measurements were performed was from 2/12 to 5/12-2013. The results are reported as average value per hour of any day on which noise measurements were made. The results varied, the lowest average noise was 57 dB and the highest average noise was 83 dB. It is clearly seen that the higher values are closer to a street used by buses and other transport vehicles. The lower values were generally near Geislerka parken, which is a large garden, an open area in the middle of Holmgatan. Overall, the average noise values were between 60-65 dB. The conclusion suggests that the noise level at Holmgatan do not exceed regulatory requirements on what is considered as harmful but it is just below the guidelines for the maximum level of outdoor noise (70 dB). Actions such as planting vegetation on the facades and to redirect the traffic could be done to reduce noise levels at Holmgatan.

Gruvavfall från gruvbrytning kan utgöra stor problematik i och med läckage av metaller till omgivande miljö om gruvavfallet hanteras felaktigt. Från Falu Gruva har det brutits främst koppar och zink i över 1000 år innan det stängde. Gruvavfallet består av sulfidmineral som är vanligt brytningsmalm och besvärligt ur miljösynpunkt. Vid kontakt med syre oxiderar mineralen vilket kan öka metallernas löslighet. Gruvavfallet har använts som fyllnadsmaterial, som byggmaterial och en del ligger öppet i och omkring Falun. Då det i framtiden väntas kraftigare och mer intensiv nederbörd samt en högre temperatur behövs det fastställas hur dessa parametrar påverkar gruvavfallet. Tidigare forskning visar att det finns samband mellan metallhalter och nederbörd samt temperatur. Syftet med denna rapport är att ingående undersöka utsläppet av metaller vid Slussens mätstation som uppstått till följd av Falu Gruvas aktivitet i området. Rapporten avser också att undersöka hur metallhalterna kan komma att förändras i framtiden med ökad nederbörd och temperatur. Bly-, kadmium-, koppar- och zinkhalter i vatten har undersökts och analyserats vid Slussens mätstation med hjälp av regression under tidsperioden 1990–2020. Resultatet visar att samtliga metallhalter har sjunkit sedan gruvverksamheten stängde samt efter de saneringsåtgärderna som var pågående under cirka tio års tid. Trenden för metallhalter hölls övergripande stabil men på senare år fanns en ökande trend för bly, kadmium och zink medan koppar var den metall som uppvisade minskande trend hela tidsperioden. Samtliga metaller har säsongsvariationer med högst metallhalter under sommar och höst och alla metaller överskrider också årsmedelvärden i inlandsytvatten, vilket är anmärkningsvärt. Det fanns positiva signifikanta samband mellan temperatur och metallhalter där bly hade högsta sambandet och zink det lägsta. Det fanns även positiva signifikanta samband mellan nederbörd och metallhalter där bly hade det högsta sambandet och koppar det lägsta. / Mining waste from mining can be a major problem due to leakage of metals to the surrounding environment if the waste is handled incorrectly. From Falu Mine, copper and zinc have been mined mainly for over 1000 years before it closed and the mine waste consists of sulphide mineral. Sulphide mineral is a common mining ore and troublesome from an environmental point of view. Upon contact with oxygen, the mineral oxidizes, which can increase the solubility of the metals. The waste has been used as filling material, as building material and some is open in and around Falun. As heavier and more intense precipitation and a higher temperature are expected in the future, it is necessary to determine how these parameters affect the mining waste. Previous research shows that there is a connection between metal levels and precipitation as well as temperature. The purpose of this report is to thoroughly investigate the emissions of metals at Slussen's measuring station that arose as a result of Falu Gruva's activity in the area. The report also investigate how metal levels may change in the future with increased precipitation and temperature. Lead, cadmium, copper and zinc concentrations in water have been investigated and analysed at Slussen's measuring station using regression of the metal leaching from the period 1990–2020. The results show that all metal concentrations have fallen since the mining operations closed and after the decontamination measures that were ongoing for about ten years. The trend of metal levels is generally stable, but in recent years there has been an increasing trend for lead, cadmium and zinc, while copper was the metal that showed a declining trend throughout the period. All metals have seasonal variations with the highest metal contents during summer and autumn and all metals exceed annual average values ​​in inland surface water, which is remarkable. There were positive significant correlations between temperature and metal concentrations where lead had the highest correlation and zinc the lowest. There were also positive significant correlations between precipitation and metal levels where lead had the highest correlation and copper the lowest.

This thesis focuses on identifying hindrances of achieving a sustainable tourism development on a base of a World Heritage Site. Using a case study of the World Heritage Site Falun Great Copper Mountain, the thesis assesses the situational context by using qualitative methods. Five semi- structured interviews with influential stakeholders were conducted to get an inside view of the current situation and to identify site-specific issues. The thesis identifies a number of factors that determine the successful implementation of measures leading towards sustainable tourism in the long-run; the most important being the lack of clear guidelines for the whole destination and no holistic planning approach within the municipality. The thesis concludes that despite the increased pressures towards establishment of sustainable tourism, the concept remains challenging to operationalize for the World Heritage Site without frameworks and tools from UNESCO.

The use of plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) is rapidly growing in many countries. In Sweden the number of PEVs in the transport system grew from about 43 000 in December 2017 to almost 58 000 in July 2018. To fully load a discharged PEV battery in a reasonably brief time will require high charging powers, which might cause high peaks in the power grid. The purpose of this project was to investigate the possibilities for electricity production in combined heat and power (CHP) plants to balance the demand peaks in the power grid caused by charging PEV. Data were obtained from different heat production plants in two Swedish cities, Borlänge and Falun. The cities, which have interconnected district heating systems, have a broad spectrum of different types of heat producing plants, and thus functions as an example model of a “typical northern Europe” heating system. An artificial charging load profile was created for a system of a large number of PEVs forming a scalable load. The charging load profile was then used as input in CHP plant models, to generate the heat production profile for the CHP plants in the system. The heat profiles were then used as inputs in a district heating simulation software. The complete Borlänge-Falun heat production system was simulated to find out whether it is possible to operate the CHP plants based on the PEV charging load profile. The generated heat production profiles were similar and clearly followed a pattern that was in line with how the heat and electricity output relate in a CHP plant. The results showed that during periods when the heat demand is high, the CHP plants can operate at full load and are thus capable to fully regulate the charging of the PEVs. During periods when the heat demand is low, and the CHP plants are unable to operate on full load, there is a discrepancy between the CHP plants ability to produce electricity and the PEVs charging demand. If the plants are operated at full load even though the heat demand is low, the heat surplus will be lost unless the system is equipped with a large heat storage. This lost heat will lead to increased costs unless there are control means to compensate the CHP plant operator for the peak regulating services as such provided. Furthermore, constructing an energy system were heat is intentionally wasted might not be considered a sustainable solution. The CHP plant regulating system can, however, be combined with other local regulating, e.g. load control, to minimise the heat wasted.