Les maladies non transmissibles sont en forte hausse au Québec. La pratique régulière d’activités physiques (AP) permet d’agir en amont et de contribuer à la prévention de plusieurs de ces maladies. Cependant, une grande proportion de la population québécoise n’est pas suffisamment active pour en retirer des bienfaits pour sa santé. Plusieurs études portant sur l’efficacité des interventions de sensibilisation et de promotion de l’AP(SPAP) ont montré que les médecins omnipraticiens peuvent avoir une influence non négligeable sur le niveau de pratique d’AP de la population. Peu d’études à ce jour ont examiné la pratique de SPAP des médecins omnipraticiens du Québec auprès de leurs patients et quels sont les freins et facteurs facilitants. La présente étude vise à combler en partie cette lacune en documentant leur pratique de SPAP et en examinant dans quelle mesure les attitudes,perceptions, barrières, besoins et caractéristiques sociodémographiques influencent leur pratique. Une enquête anonyme a été retenue comme méthode pour dresser un portrait de la situation. L’échantillon de convenance est composé de 701 questionnaires recueillis lors de formations continues de la Fédération des médecins omnipraticiens du Québec. Les résultats montrent que deux répondants sur cinq (40 %) font de la SPAP auprès de la majorité de leurs patients en contexte de prévention primaire, et ce, bien que la presque totalité d’entre eux (98 %) croit que la SPAP fait partie de leur rôle fondamental. L’analyse de régression multiple a permis d’identifier les facteurs les plus souvent associés à la pratique de la SPAP chez les répondants : les médecins qui pratiquent eux-mêmes de l’AP de façon régulière, ceux qui ont plus de neuf ans d’expérience médicale, ceux qui sont moins affectés par la surcharge de travail et ceux qui ont l’impression d’être relativement efficaces dans leurs interventions de SPAP sont les plus susceptibles d’en faire auprès de leurs patients en contexte de prévention primaire. / The rate of non communicable diseases is increasing in Québec. Regular physical activity(PA) can help preventing many of these diseases. However, a great proportion of the Québec population does not meet the PA recommendations to reap the health benefits. Several researches on the effectiveness of PA awareness and promotion interventions have shown that primary care physicians can positively influence the adoption and increase of PA in the population. To date, few studies have documented the PA counselling and promotion (PACP) of Québec primary care physicians to their patients, and more specifically, what are the PACP barriers and facilitators. The aim of the current study is to address this shortcoming in documenting the Quebec general practitioners’ PACP and examining to what extent their attitudes, perceptions, barriers, needs and sociodemographic characteristics influence their behavior. We used an anonymous questionnaire survey to draw a picture of the current situation. The convenience sample consisted of 701 completed questionnaires collected during continuing medical education sessions of the Fédération des médecins omnipraticiens du Québec. Results showed that two respondents out of five (40%) reported PACP to their patients in the context of primary care, while almost the majority (98%) of them considers that it is an integral part of their professional role. A multiple logistic regression analysis allowed the identification of the factors predominantly associated with physicians’ PACP. Physicians who are personally physically active on a regular basis, who have more than nine years of medical experience, who are less affected by work overload, and who feel to be effective in the PACP interventions are more likely to promote PA to their patients.

Orientador: Maria de Lurdes Zanolli / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T22:21:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida_PauloVicenteBonilha_M.pdf: 1942924 bytes, checksum: 72e963c2634b2130650bc6e202056123 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Os sistemas de saúde orientados pelos princípios da Atenção Primária à Saúde alcançam melhores indicadores de saúde, têm menores custos e maior satisfação dos usuários. Entretanto há muitas divergências sobre as formas de estruturá-los, para obtenção destes princípios. Em muitos países a Atenção Primária é prestada por médicos de família, que funcionam como porta de entrada do sistema de saúde, acompanhados ou não por outros profissionais de saúde. Médicos de outras especialidades também podem estar disponíveis, como pediatra, ginecologista, clínico geral, e outros. No Brasil, desde 1994, o Ministério da Saúde vem implantando o Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF), como estratégia central da Atenção Primária do Sistema Único de Saúde. O PSF baseia-se no trabalho de uma equipe composta por um médico de família generalista, uma enfermeira, um ou mais auxiliares de enfermagem e de quatro a seis agentes comunitários de saúde. Esta composição das equipes de saúde da família tem sido criticada como insuficiente, principalmente nos grandes centros urbanos, para dar conta das diversas e complexas realidades de saúde do país. Uma das críticas é em relação à ausência do médico pediatra na equipe. Este trabalho analisou parte da experiência do programa no município de Campinas (SP-Brasil), denominado de PSF-Paidéia e implantado com adaptações à realidade local, entre as quais a existência de pediatra em cerca de 140 equipes. O objetivo foi conhecer a visão de pediatras e médicos de família sobre a atenção à saúde da criança por eles praticada, os limites e avanços deste modelo tecno-assistencial, o papel de cada um neste trabalho e como pensam idealmente a existência do pediatra no programa. Para tanto, foi utilizada metodologia qualitativa e, como técnica de coleta de dados, entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Trabalhou-se com uma amostra intencional, selecionando para entrevistas pediatras e médicos de família de 10 equipes, indicadas pelos distritos de saúde do município, como as melhores segundo a adesão às diretrizes do PSF-Paidéia. A técnica de tratamento dos dados colhidos foi a da Análise de Conteúdo, na modalidade Análise Temática. Os avanços mais valorizados são o trabalho em equipe e as reuniões de equipe, para elaboração de projetos terapêuticos singulares. Já como limites: o volume de pronto-atendimento e o excesso de famílias cadastradas por equipe. A atenção à criança é realizada basicamente pelo pediatra e somente na ausência deste o médico generalista a atende. A melhoria da capacitação do médico de família para o cuidado à criança é vista como fundamental. Houve uma quase unanimidade de reconhecimento da importância do pediatra na atenção básica e não como referência à distância, pela ampliação da resolutividade que traria para a equipe in loco. Entretanto, foram apontadas críticas à sua atuação, muito focada no referencial biomédico e no consultório médico, havendo necessidade de maior envolvimento com o trabalho em equipe, os aspectos psicossociais, a família e o território, para que ele possa se legitimar plenamente como necessário nas equipes de saúde da família. Para dar conta do complexo perfil de morbidade das crianças e adolescentes do século XXI o pediatra geral da atenção primária precisaria de uma nova formação. Também parece importante uma melhor definição, pelos órgãos gestores, do papel do pediatra nas equipes do PSF-Paidéia, bem como na atenção primária à criança no SUS / Abstract: The primary-care-oriented health systems get better health indicators, have low costs and better users satisfaction. Though, there is great divergence about how to structure them to obtain the principles of primary health care. In a lot of countries the primary care is provided by general practitioners, working as the health system "gatekeepers", sometimes with other health professionals. Specialists, like pediatricians, gynecologists and internists may be present too. In Brazil, since 1994, the health ministry is developing the Family Health Program (FHP) as the central strategy of the Primary Health Care. The Family Health Program is based in a team's work of a general practitioner, a nurse, one or more auxiliary nurses and four or six community health agents. This composition has been criticized as insufficient to attend to the very different and complex health realities of the country, especially in big cities. One of the criticisms has been against the absence of the pediatrician. This study analyzed the city of Campinas's experience, called FHP-Paidéia that implemented this health program with adaptations to the local reality, especially the existence of the pediatrician in its 140 teams. The objective was to know the vision of general practitioners and pediatricians about their practice with child health care, the health model advances and limitations, the role of each one in this work, and how they ideally think about the pediatrician's presence in the FHP. It was used qualitative methodology and semi-structured interviews. Working with an intentional sample, pediatricians and general practitioners of ten teams were indicated to this research by the health districts of the city as the best developing the FHP-Paidéia's principles. The analysis method was based on the content analysis, in its thematic analysis version. The most considered advances were the team's work and the team's reunions to discuss the patients health projects. The limitations were the excess of families listed by each team. The child health care is basically provided by the pediatrician and is done by the general practitioner only if the pediatrician is not present. The improvement of the general practitioner's training for providing the child health care is seen as very important. There was almost unanimity about the importance of the pediatrician participation in the Primary Health Care and not as a specialty, because of the improvement of the team's resolubility with this presence. There were criticisms to the pediatrician's work, considered too focused in the biomedical paradigm and in the office. In conclusion, there is need for the pediatrician to have more engagement with the team's work, the psychological and social aspects, and with the family and territory in order for the pediatrician to gain acceptance as truly essential to the health teams. To be efficient against this complex new morbidity of children and teenagers the pediatrician needs a new specialization. It seems also important a better definition about the pediatrician's role in FHP-Paidéia's teams and in the child primary health care in the Unified Health System, the brazilian health system / Mestrado / Pediatria / Mestre em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente

Diverses publications soulignent l'augmentation de l'espérance de vie et avec elle, le vieillissement mondial de la population. Ce processus se poursuivra à l'avenir, ainsi que son influence sur l’incidence et la prévalence de l'incapacité. Chez les personnes âgées, l’incapacité, les maladies chroniques et leur association constituent un sujet important dans le domaine de la santé publique en raison de l'effet qu'ils ont sur la demande des services de santé. Le but de ce mémoire est d’examiner quelle est la contribution respective des maladies chroniques et de l'incapacité dans l'utilisation des services de santé chez les personnes âgées et de leur interaction. Il s’agit de savoir si l'association entre la maladie chronique et l'utilisation des services de santé est modifiée par l’incapacité prenant en compte les caractéristiques de l'individu et son environnement. Ce travail est basé sur le modèle comportemental proposé par Andersen et Newman et le modèle du processus d’incapacité de Verbrugge et Jette. Pour répondre à l’objectif, nous utilisons les données du projet de recherche “ FRéLE ” (Fragilité, une étude longitudinale de ses expressions), réalisé durant la période 2010 -2013 auprès d’un échantillon de 1643 personnes âgées vivant dans la communauté au Québec. L’incapacité est évaluée à l’aide de deux indicateurs : les AVQ et les AVD. Les maladies chroniques sont mesurées par l’indice fonctionnel de comorbidité (IFC). La dépression est évaluée selon les critères de l’échelle de dépression gériatrique (EDG). L’état cognitif est mesuré par l'évaluation cognitive de Montréal (MoCA). Les facteurs de prédisposition comportent l’âge, le sexe, l’ethnicité et le niveau scolaire. Les facteurs facilitateurs incluent le revenu et le réseau social, ce dernier étant mesure par la présence ou non d’une personne de soutien et son lien avec la personne âgée. Divers modèles de régression sont adoptés pour identifier les facteurs statistiquement significatifs du modèle comportemental d’Andersen et Newman et du modèle du processus d’incapacité de Verbrugge et Jette. Nos résultats ont montré que, si le rôle des prédicteurs de l’utilisation varie en fonction du type de services de santé utilisé, l’utilisation s’accroît principalement avec le nombre de maladies chroniques. En ce qui concerne l’interaction entre la maladie chronique et l’incapacité, nos résultats ont révélé que l’interaction n’est statistiquement significative pour aucun des services analysés. Compte tenu de la diversité et les besoins de la population âgée, caractérisée par une prévalence élevée de maladies chroniques et d'incapacités, l’étude des facteurs impliqués dans l'utilisation des services de santé sera utile pour la mise en œuvre d’une offre de services, plus conforme aux besoins de cette population / Several publications emphasize the increase in life expectancy and, as a result, the global aging of the world’s population. This process will continue into the future, and will influence disability trends. In the elderly, disability, chronic diseases, and the association of both conditions are important topics in public health due to effect that they have on elderly people’s demand of health services. This paper aimed to examine the contribution and interaction of chronic disease and disability on health services demand among the elderly. In addition, the paper aimed to determine if the association between chronic disease and health services demand is modulated by disability considering the characteristics of the individual and its environment. This work is based on the behavioral model proposed by Andersen & Newman and the disability process model proposed by Verbrugge & Jette. In order to respond to the objective, we use the data of the research project "FRèLE" (frailty, a longitudinal study of its expressions), held between 2008-2013 with a sample of 1643 elderly people living in the community of Quebec. Disability is assessed with two indicators: IADL and ADL. Chronic diseases are measured by the Functional Comorbidity Index (IFC). Depression is evaluated according to the criteria of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Cognitive status is measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Predisposing factors include age, gender, ethnicity and educational level. The enabling factors include income and social network, which is measured by the presence or absence of a support person and their relationship with the elderly person. Several regression models were adopted to identify statistically significant factors in the behavioral model of Andersen and Newman as well as the model of disablement proposed by Verbrugge and Jette. Our results showed that health care service use predictors vary according to the type of health care services seek by the elderly. However, health care service use mainly increases according to the number of chronic diseases. In terms of the assessed health services, we found non-significant levels of interaction between chronic disease and disability. Given the variety of health care needs that elderly people have, characterized by a high prevalence of chronic diseases and disability, the study of the different factors involved in health services demand will be useful for the implementation of a service offering, more consistent with the needs of this population

Material and methods Characteristics of study population The entire adult population (patients 16 years or older) of two PHC doctors practices in Kaunas were invited to participate in study. Approval from the Kaunas University of Medicine Ethics Committee was obtained and participants signed a written informed consent prior to examination. Patients from one practice were intervention community, patients from another practice - control community. In intervention community 1219 patients 16 years or older participated in first survey (506 men and 713 women, response rate 87.1%), in control community – 1068 patients (439 men and 629 women, response rate 87.1%). Intervention, oriented to improve control of risk factors of NCD, was integrated into the PHC team daily practice during one year in intervention community. Control community was receiving usual PHC. After one year (in 2000) all participants of first survey were invited to participate in second survey. Each survey followed the same methods. In intervention community 1069 patients (506 men and 713 women, response rate 87.7%) participated in second survey, in control community - 940 patients (439 men and 629 women, response rate 88.0%). There was no difference between communities concerning age and sex distribution of participants (table 2.1.1). Table 2.1.1 Distribution of respondents by age and sex in intervention and control communities Age,years Intervention community Control community Men women total men women... [to full text]

Une attention de plus en plus importante est accordée à la santé mentale au travail en raison, entre autres de la perte de bien-être chez les personnes atteintes d’un trouble mental courant (ex. trouble anxieux, trouble dépressif), ainsi que des coûts associés à l’absentéisme. Quand il est question d’invalidité au travail, plusieurs acteurs sont normalement impliqués dont le médecin de famille et le psychiatre lorsque nécessaire. Dans le cadre de ce mémoire conçu sous le format d’articles, deux articles sont présentés. Le premier article aborde plusieurs dilemmes auxquels les médecins traitants sont confrontés lors de la gestion de la reprise professionnelle d’un patient avec un trouble mental courant. Ces dilemmes sont illustrés par trois vignettes cliniques et appuyés par la littérature scientifique. Les trois vignettes portent sur les dilemmes relatifs aux thèmes suivants: 1) l’évaluation du potentiel thérapeutique des arrêts de travail; 2) le rôle d’expert octroyé aux médecins traitants et au processus d’évaluation de la capacité à travailler; 3) les aspects administratifs liés à cette évaluation; 4) la relation thérapeutique médecin-patient. La littérature nous indique que ce sont des dilemmes récurrents chez les médecins traitants dans le contexte de la gestion de la reprise professionnelle à la suite d’un trouble mental courant. Dans une suite logique, le deuxième article présente une étude qualitative effectuée auprès de médecins de famille et de psychiatres. Les objectifs de cette étude sont de documenter les tâches de ces cliniciens liées à la gestion d’une invalidité en raison d’un trouble mental courant, d’identifier les éléments facilitants et entravants qu’ils perçoivent dans le processus d’arrêt de travail et de retour au travail. Il est par ailleurs question de dégager les besoins de formation et d’outils qui pourront éventuellement être mis en place pour les aider dans l’accomplissement de leurs tâches. La collecte de données a été faite via des groupes de discussion (focus groups) totalisant trois groupes de médecins de famille et deux groupes de psychiatres (N=28). Tous les enregistrements ont été retranscrits en verbatim et par la suite codifiés. Les réponses générées par les groupes de discussion ont fait émerger 180 unités thématiques réparties sur 4 grands thèmes, lesquels sont récurrents pour chaque objectif de recherche : 1) évaluer/documenter, 2) prescrire/traiter, 3) communiquer/collaborer/réseauter avec les autres acteurs et 4) arbitrer/défendre. Les unités thématiques démontrent l’importance de la collaboration entre les acteurs et d’une communication efficace entre ces derniers. Il ressort également que ces cliniciens aimeraient être mieux formés pour arrimer connaissances et pratiques. La santé mentale au travail est une thématique qui prend de plus en plus d’ampleur et de préoccupation au sein de notre société. La mise en place d’outils et de formation adaptés pour aider les médecins de famille et psychiatres à mieux exécuter leurs tâches ne pourrait qu’avoir un impact positif sur la pratique de ces cliniciens et leurs patients. / An increasing amount of attention is being given to mental health in the workplace, due in part to the loss of well-being for individuals with common mental disorders (ex. anxiety disorder, depressive disorder), as well as the costs associated with absenteeism. In the context of this paper-based master, two articles will be presented. The first article will address three clinical vignettes and the dilemmas physicians may encounter in managing the vocational rehabilitation of a patient struggling with a common mental disorder. The vignettes will be supported by literature. Three clinical cases address dilemmas related to the following themes: 1) the assessment of the therapeutic potential of work absence, 2) the expert role given to clinicians and the process of assessing work disability, 3) the administrative aspects related to this assessment and 4) the impact of this assessment on therapeutic alliance between the clinician and his/her patient with common mental disorders. The literature tells us that these are recurring dilemmas for clinicians when managing the return to work of their patients with common mental disorders. The second article will present a qualitative study carried out among family physicians and psychiatrists. The objectives of this study are to document the clinical tasks related to the management of a disability due to a common mental disorder, identify the facilitators and barriers perceived in this process and identify training needs which could potentially help these clinicians perform their tasks, thereby enabling sustainable recovery of the worker. This is a qualitative study which collects data through focus groups, including three groups of family physicians and two groups of psychiatrists (N=28). All recordings were transcribed as stated and coded. The responses generated by the focus groups identified 180 thematic units distributed over 4 main themes, which are recurring for each research objective: 1) assess/document; 2) prescribe/treat; 3) communicate/collaborate/network with other stakeholders and 4) arbitrate/defend. The thematic units demonstrate the importance of collaboration between stakeholders and having effective communication among them. It also emerges that these clinicians would like to be better trained to align knowledge and practice. Mental health in the workplace is a topic which is becoming increasingly important and of concern within our society. The implementation of adapted tools and training to help family physicians and psychiatrists to better perform their tasks can only have a positive impact on the practice of these clinicians and their patients.

<p>Canadian primary care practices lag behind their counterparts in the United States and Europe in adopting Electronic Medical Record (EMR) systems to facilitate care. Although there is a considerable volume of cross-national conceptual literature focused on system design and barriers to adoption, there is little in the way of research on the unique problems faced by Canadian physicians within the publicly financed and privately provided system of healthcare delivery. This study uses a survey of Canadian physicians to investigate differences in perceptions of EMR value between two groups who have implemented these systems: “small practice” physicians, i.e. those with a maximum of 2 full-time physicians and “large practice” physicians, or those with three or more full-time physicians. A Mann-Whitney U Test conducted on survey item responses of the two groups finds that “small practice” physicians feel significantly less positive about EMRs with regards to ease of use, time savings and effective patient management.</p> / Master of Science (MSc)

Dans l’espoir d'améliorer l'efficacité, l’efficience, la qualité et la sécurité des soins de santé, la plupart des pays investissent dans l’informatisation de leur système de santé. Malgré l’octroi de ressources substantielles, les projets d'implantation d’un Dossier médical électronique (DME) font parfois l’objet d’une résistance importante de la part des utilisateurs au moment de leur implantation sur le terrain. Pour expliquer l’adoption d’un DME par les professionnels de la santé, plusieurs modèles théoriques ont été développés et appliqués. Une diversité de facteurs agissant à différents niveaux (individuel, organisationnel et liés à la technologie elle-même) a ainsi été identifiée. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’approfondir les connaissances empiriques quant aux facteurs influençant l’utilisation du DME chez les professionnels de la santé. Le devis de recherche repose sur une étude de cas unique avec douze entrevues et une observation non participante réalisées un an suite au lancement du processus d’implantation d’un DME auprès d’un groupe de médecine famille (GMF) au sein du Centre de santé et de services sociaux du Sud-Ouest-Verdun (Montréal, Canada). Dans le cadre de cette étude, l’analyse a permis l’identification de facilitateurs et de barrières influençant l’adoption du DME. Les facilitateurs étaient l’utilité perçue, la décision du GMF d’implanter le DME, le support de la direction ainsi que la présence de champions et de superutilisateurs. Les barrières les plus importantes étaient l’impact négatif sur le travail clinique, la fragmentation de l’information dans le DME ainsi que les problèmes liés à l’infrastructure technique. Cette connaissance permettra d’alimenter des stratégies visant à mieux répondre aux défis suscités par l’implantation du dossier médical électronique. / With the hope of improving the efficiency, effectiveness, quality, and safety of health care, most countries have made or are making investments to computerize their health systems. Despite the allocation of huge resources, the implementation of electronic medical records (EMR) has experienced significant resistance by end-users. Several theoretical models have been used to explain the adoption of an EMR by health care professionals, and a variety of factors acting on different levels have been identified: individual, organizational and related to the technology itself. The objective of this research is to deepen the level of knowledge about the factors influencing the adoption of EMRs by health professionals. This research is a single case study with nine interviews and one non-participant observation during the one-year period following the completion of the EMR-KinLogix implementation process in the Family Physician Group that is a part of the Health and Social Service Center Southwest Verdun (Montreal, Canada). The analysis identified facilitators and barriers to adoption. Facilitators were perceived usefulness, the decision of the family physician group to implement the EMR, managerial support, and the presence of champions and super users. The most important barriers were negative impact on clinical work, the fragmentation of information in the EMR and the problems of technical infrastructure. This knowledge will contribute to the challenge of outlining strategies for successful implementation of electronic medical records.

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