Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:46:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Veronica Nogueira Martins.pdf: 560796 bytes, checksum: 152c26660d2031002f2ec2b90c9a0dd8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-18 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / Se sabe que el Modernismo se inicia en 1922, con la Semana de Arte Moderna. A partir de ese movimiento, la literatura brasileña es constituida, a través de los años, por una serie de corrientes ecléticas: generación de 45, concretismo, poesía marginal, regionalismo, nouveau roman, entre otros. Es en esta atmosfera contemporánea que surge en el âmbito ficcional el escritor originario de Minas Gerais, Murilo Rubião. Su obra intimista parte de una literatura fantástica humanizada para representar la angustia del hombre moderno frente a los problemas sociales y sicológicos. Para mejor entender la obra de Murilo Rubião, recorremos varios caminos. Para el estúdio de la literatura fantástica, investigamos sus vertientes entre extraño, maravilloso, mágico, sobrenatural y humanístico, así como innúmeras obras independientes de su estructura desde los textos de la Antigüedad Clásica hasta la actualidad, siempre buscando encontrar en el fantástico contemporáneo las respuestas para el universo muriliano: lo insólito, lo supra-real, lo no-real, lo irreal que aparece sin sorpresas, con el fin de representar el absurdo de la condición humana en confronto con la realidad represora. / Sabe-se que o Modernismo inicia em 1922, com a Semana de Arte Moderna. A partir desse movimento, a literatura brasileira é constituída, ao longo dos anos, por uma série de correntes ecléticas: geração de 45, concretismo, poesia marginal, regionalismo, nouveau roman, entre outros. É nesta atmosfera contemporânea que surge no âmbito ficcional o escritor mineiro Murilo Rubião. Sua obra intimista parte de uma literatura fantástica humanizada para representar a angústia do homem moderno diante dos problemas sociais e psicológicos. Para melhor entender a obra de Murilo Rubião, percorremos vários caminhos. Para o estudo da literatura fantástica, pesquisamos suas vertentes entre estranho, maravilhoso, mágico, sobrenatural e humanístico, bem como inúmeras obras independentes de sua estrutura desde os textos da Antiguidade Clássica até a atualidade, sempre buscando encontrar no fantástico contemporâneo as respostas para o universo muriliano: o insólito, o supra-real, o não-real, o irreal que aparece sem surpresas, a fim de representar o absurdo da condição humana em confronto com a realidade repressora.

Embora a quantidade de publicações que trazem à capa a denominação contos fantásticos ou, ainda, que tratem do insólito como temática tenha crescido nos últimos anos na literatura brasileira, nota-se que há muito que se definir para que se chegue a uma classificação que evite generalizações simplificadoras. Portanto, esta dissertação pretende discutir e apontar alguns elementos que, de acordo com o arcabouço teórico-metodológico de Tzvetan Todorov e de Filipe Furtado, se configuram como estratégias de construção do discurso literário de narrativas do gênero Fantástico. Para isso, foram trazidos os estudos de Sigmund Freud e de Jean Paul Sartre para problematizar os conceitos e visões que se têm do gênero e, em seguida, selecionaram-se cinco antologias que discorrem sobre a temática do insólito e, após minuciosa e atenta leitura crítico-interpretativa de cada prefácio e/ou introdução, foram confrontadas as ideias, ali expostas, com a que se adotou nesta pesquisa como norte. Em seguida, fez-se a apreciação dos contos de literatura brasileira e ficou constatado que o conteúdo das antologias selecionadas não condiz com a nomenclatura sustentada na capa dos volumes / Aunque la cantidad de publicaciones que aportan la piel a la designación de cuentos fantásticos , o incluso tratar de inusual como temática ha crecido en los últimos años en la literatura brasileña, se establece una clasificación que evitar generalizaciones de simplificación. Por lo tanto, este documento pretende discutir y señalar algunos elementos que, de conformidad con el marco teórico-metodológico de Tzvetan Todorov y Filipe Furtado, configurar como estrategias de construcción de relatos de discurso literario de género de la fantasía. Para ello, fueron llevados a los estudios de Sigmund Freud y Jean Paul Sartre para cualquier problema puede ser conceptos elevados y visiones que tienen género y, a continuación, seleccionan cinco antologías que abordan el tema de inusual y, después de que completa y cuidadosa lectura crítica-interpretativa cada prefacio o la introducción, fueron enfrentados ideas, expresadas con la que adoptó esta búsqueda como norte. Luego hubo el aprecio de los cuentos de la literatura brasileña, y se encontró que el contenido de las antologías seleccionadas encaja con la nomenclatura sostenida en la portada de volúmenes

My research deals with fantasy and the fantastic as genres, as well as with their subgenres. I propose a new genology for fantasy and fantastic literature and their subgenres in which they are part of a continuum, with fantasy standing on one end and mimetic literature standing on the other, the fantastic being their middle ground. Within this continuum, the subgenres – which I call fantasy marvel-fiction and fantastic marvel-fiction, fantasy science-fiction and fantastic science-fiction, fantasy surrealism and fantastic surrealism – are distinguished among themselves according to two axes, namely: a) the inner coherence or incoherence of the world the text presents – their being subjected or not to the laws of that world –; b) the nature, and the appropriate explanation – marvelous or scientific –, of the phenomenon that breaks the natural laws of the reader’s known real world. This relationship between reality and fantasy has been essential to my investigation. More specifically, what I have named “the scientific urban gaze” of reality has been the touch-stone to establish what is fantasy and what is not and to create the consequent genology. The genology I propose must therefore be pragmatic: the reader’s view of reality must be taken into account in the process of placing a text within this continuum and the proper genre and subgenre. Once the genology is fully explained, I compare it to the work of some of the most prominent critics on the field of fantasy and the fantastic in order to see similitudes and differences between their research and mine. For the validity of my genology to be demonstrated, I apply it in the analysis of some Mexican narrative works and show how the genre and subgenre of a text – in interaction with the text’s archetypes and narrative components – can be an effective means to convey ideology or worldview. The genological approach, therefore, integrated with an archetypal and a narratological one, constitutes an efficient tool for a holistic semiotic analysis. Notwithstanding that in my thesis I apply it to literary works, it can also be applied to cinema and theatre.

My research deals with fantasy and the fantastic as genres, as well as with their subgenres. I propose a new genology for fantasy and fantastic literature and their subgenres in which they are part of a continuum, with fantasy standing on one end and mimetic literature standing on the other, the fantastic being their middle ground. Within this continuum, the subgenres – which I call fantasy marvel-fiction and fantastic marvel-fiction, fantasy science-fiction and fantastic science-fiction, fantasy surrealism and fantastic surrealism – are distinguished among themselves according to two axes, namely: a) the inner coherence or incoherence of the world the text presents – their being subjected or not to the laws of that world –; b) the nature, and the appropriate explanation – marvelous or scientific –, of the phenomenon that breaks the natural laws of the reader’s known real world. This relationship between reality and fantasy has been essential to my investigation. More specifically, what I have named “the scientific urban gaze” of reality has been the touch-stone to establish what is fantasy and what is not and to create the consequent genology. The genology I propose must therefore be pragmatic: the reader’s view of reality must be taken into account in the process of placing a text within this continuum and the proper genre and subgenre. Once the genology is fully explained, I compare it to the work of some of the most prominent critics on the field of fantasy and the fantastic in order to see similitudes and differences between their research and mine. For the validity of my genology to be demonstrated, I apply it in the analysis of some Mexican narrative works and show how the genre and subgenre of a text – in interaction with the text’s archetypes and narrative components – can be an effective means to convey ideology or worldview. The genological approach, therefore, integrated with an archetypal and a narratological one, constitutes an efficient tool for a holistic semiotic analysis. Notwithstanding that in my thesis I apply it to literary works, it can also be applied to cinema and theatre.

My research deals with fantasy and the fantastic as genres, as well as with their subgenres. I propose a new genology for fantasy and fantastic literature and their subgenres in which they are part of a continuum, with fantasy standing on one end and mimetic literature standing on the other, the fantastic being their middle ground. Within this continuum, the subgenres – which I call fantasy marvel-fiction and fantastic marvel-fiction, fantasy science-fiction and fantastic science-fiction, fantasy surrealism and fantastic surrealism – are distinguished among themselves according to two axes, namely: a) the inner coherence or incoherence of the world the text presents – their being subjected or not to the laws of that world –; b) the nature, and the appropriate explanation – marvelous or scientific –, of the phenomenon that breaks the natural laws of the reader’s known real world. This relationship between reality and fantasy has been essential to my investigation. More specifically, what I have named “the scientific urban gaze” of reality has been the touch-stone to establish what is fantasy and what is not and to create the consequent genology. The genology I propose must therefore be pragmatic: the reader’s view of reality must be taken into account in the process of placing a text within this continuum and the proper genre and subgenre. Once the genology is fully explained, I compare it to the work of some of the most prominent critics on the field of fantasy and the fantastic in order to see similitudes and differences between their research and mine. For the validity of my genology to be demonstrated, I apply it in the analysis of some Mexican narrative works and show how the genre and subgenre of a text – in interaction with the text’s archetypes and narrative components – can be an effective means to convey ideology or worldview. The genological approach, therefore, integrated with an archetypal and a narratological one, constitutes an efficient tool for a holistic semiotic analysis. Notwithstanding that in my thesis I apply it to literary works, it can also be applied to cinema and theatre.

My research deals with fantasy and the fantastic as genres, as well as with their subgenres. I propose a new genology for fantasy and fantastic literature and their subgenres in which they are part of a continuum, with fantasy standing on one end and mimetic literature standing on the other, the fantastic being their middle ground. Within this continuum, the subgenres – which I call fantasy marvel-fiction and fantastic marvel-fiction, fantasy science-fiction and fantastic science-fiction, fantasy surrealism and fantastic surrealism – are distinguished among themselves according to two axes, namely: a) the inner coherence or incoherence of the world the text presents – their being subjected or not to the laws of that world –; b) the nature, and the appropriate explanation – marvelous or scientific –, of the phenomenon that breaks the natural laws of the reader’s known real world. This relationship between reality and fantasy has been essential to my investigation. More specifically, what I have named “the scientific urban gaze” of reality has been the touch-stone to establish what is fantasy and what is not and to create the consequent genology. The genology I propose must therefore be pragmatic: the reader’s view of reality must be taken into account in the process of placing a text within this continuum and the proper genre and subgenre. Once the genology is fully explained, I compare it to the work of some of the most prominent critics on the field of fantasy and the fantastic in order to see similitudes and differences between their research and mine. For the validity of my genology to be demonstrated, I apply it in the analysis of some Mexican narrative works and show how the genre and subgenre of a text – in interaction with the text’s archetypes and narrative components – can be an effective means to convey ideology or worldview. The genological approach, therefore, integrated with an archetypal and a narratological one, constitutes an efficient tool for a holistic semiotic analysis. Notwithstanding that in my thesis I apply it to literary works, it can also be applied to cinema and theatre.

My research deals with fantasy and the fantastic as genres, as well as with their subgenres. I propose a new genology for fantasy and fantastic literature and their subgenres in which they are part of a continuum, with fantasy standing on one end and mimetic literature standing on the other, the fantastic being their middle ground. Within this continuum, the subgenres – which I call fantasy marvel-fiction and fantastic marvel-fiction, fantasy science-fiction and fantastic science-fiction, fantasy surrealism and fantastic surrealism – are distinguished among themselves according to two axes, namely: a) the inner coherence or incoherence of the world the text presents – their being subjected or not to the laws of that world –; b) the nature, and the appropriate explanation – marvelous or scientific –, of the phenomenon that breaks the natural laws of the reader’s known real world. This relationship between reality and fantasy has been essential to my investigation. More specifically, what I have named “the scientific urban gaze” of reality has been the touch-stone to establish what is fantasy and what is not and to create the consequent genology. The genology I propose must therefore be pragmatic: the reader’s view of reality must be taken into account in the process of placing a text within this continuum and the proper genre and subgenre. Once the genology is fully explained, I compare it to the work of some of the most prominent critics on the field of fantasy and the fantastic in order to see similitudes and differences between their research and mine. For the validity of my genology to be demonstrated, I apply it in the analysis of some Mexican narrative works and show how the genre and subgenre of a text – in interaction with the text’s archetypes and narrative components – can be an effective means to convey ideology or worldview. The genological approach, therefore, integrated with an archetypal and a narratological one, constitutes an efficient tool for a holistic semiotic analysis. Notwithstanding that in my thesis I apply it to literary works, it can also be applied to cinema and theatre.

My research deals with fantasy and the fantastic as genres, as well as with their subgenres. I propose a new genology for fantasy and fantastic literature and their subgenres in which they are part of a continuum, with fantasy standing on one end and mimetic literature standing on the other, the fantastic being their middle ground. Within this continuum, the subgenres – which I call fantasy marvel-fiction and fantastic marvel-fiction, fantasy science-fiction and fantastic science-fiction, fantasy surrealism and fantastic surrealism – are distinguished among themselves according to two axes, namely: a) the inner coherence or incoherence of the world the text presents – their being subjected or not to the laws of that world –; b) the nature, and the appropriate explanation – marvelous or scientific –, of the phenomenon that breaks the natural laws of the reader’s known real world. This relationship between reality and fantasy has been essential to my investigation. More specifically, what I have named “the scientific urban gaze” of reality has been the touch-stone to establish what is fantasy and what is not and to create the consequent genology. The genology I propose must therefore be pragmatic: the reader’s view of reality must be taken into account in the process of placing a text within this continuum and the proper genre and subgenre. Once the genology is fully explained, I compare it to the work of some of the most prominent critics on the field of fantasy and the fantastic in order to see similitudes and differences between their research and mine. For the validity of my genology to be demonstrated, I apply it in the analysis of some Mexican narrative works and show how the genre and subgenre of a text – in interaction with the text’s archetypes and narrative components – can be an effective means to convey ideology or worldview. The genological approach, therefore, integrated with an archetypal and a narratological one, constitutes an efficient tool for a holistic semiotic analysis. Notwithstanding that in my thesis I apply it to literary works, it can also be applied to cinema and theatre.

SUMÁRIO Esta dissertação busca demonstrar a presença do fantástico e do maravilhoso na narrativa de Mia Couto. Para tal, apresenta-se uma discussão teórica acerca desses dois géneros, retomando-se o que de mais importante se tem escrito sobre o assunto. A seguir, procede-se à análise do fantástico e do maravilhoso na narrativa de Mia Couto, recorrendo a exemplos dos seus contos e romances. Esta análise inclui uma definição de cada um destes géneros, adequada à especificidade da obra do escritor; um estudo dos temas fantásticos e maravilhosos mais frequentes; e, por fim, uma caracterização dos discursos fantástico e maravilhoso. SUMMARY This dissertation aims to demonstrate the presence of the fantastic and the marvellous in Mia Couto's narrative. In order to achieve these objectives, the first step is to contextualize these two genres, making a brief reflexion about the most important theories on this subject. After this theoretical chapter, this thesis analyses the fantastic and the marvellous in Mia Couto's work by giving examples from his short stories and novels. This chapter also includes a definition of each genre, specifically adapted to the writer's narrative; a study of most frequent fantastic and marvellous themes; and, finally, a description of fantastic and marvellous discursive features. / CLASSICS & WORLD LANGUAGES / MA(ROM LANG)- SPEC PORTUGUES

O desenvolvimento deste trabalho pautou-se em obras artísticas, engajadas politicamente, pertencentes ao macrossistema de Literaturas de língua portuguesa, a saber, uma Moçambicana: Um Rio chamado Tempo, uma Casa chamada Terra, de Mia Couto, e outra brasileira, Sombras de Reis Barbudos, de J.J. Veiga. A partir desse comparativismo entre os dois contextos, chegou-se a uma idéia do que é o fantástico contemporâneo, e procurou-se aprofundar o estudo sócio-cultural ressaltado nos conteúdos das duas obras. A temática \"opressão\" permitiu estudar as relações de poder e submissão entre as personagens das duas obras. Esta temática perpassou a análise crítico-literária fundamentando, filosoficamente, a atuação das personagens, reflexos muitas vezes da situação histórica vivenciada pelos autores. Semanticamente variada e polêmica, a palavra \"opressão\" prestou-se, nesta abordagem, a uma interpretação de possibilidade de um estudo sócio-cultural do momento em que as obras foram escritas, seguindo a linha filosófica desenvolvida pelo pensador alemão Sigmund Freud, no que se refere à interpretação do duplo. A pesquisa serviu-se de teóricos como Todorov, Caillois e Bessière, para a abordagem do gênero fantástico presente nas duas obras. Pelo fato de ter-se pesquisado toda a produção literária dos dois autores, sentiu-se a necessidade de citar outras obras, o que ajudou a estabelecer um diálogo entre as narrativas selecionadas e as demais obras dos dois escritores. Ao estudar as narrativas dos autores, pensou-se que fosse necessário uma inserção na história recente dos dois países cujo levantamento vem inserido nos anexos. Por não esquecer o contexto sócio-cultural da elaboração dos dois textos, é que a pesquisa espelha as circunstâncias históricas da época da criação das mesmas, sem deixar, contudo de perceber que a literatura vai além desse simples espelhar do real, pois a obra literária, além de dialogar com o mundo em que está inserida, dialoga com tempos e espaços outros que não os da realidade. A escolha desse tema se deu também pela indagação de ordem teórica, o que justifica a escolha do corpus, apresentado para estudo. / The development of this work is guided into artwork, politically engaged, belonging to the macrosystem of Literatures in English, namely, a Mozambican: A River called Tempo, a house call Earth, Mia Couto, and another Brazilian, Shadows of Kings Barbuda, from J.J. Veiga. From this comparative between the two contexts, it was an idea of what is the great contemporary, and tried to deepen the socio-cultural study highlighted in the contents of the two works. The theme oppression permitted to study the relationships of power and submission between the characters of the two works. This thematic been present throughout the literary-critical analysis reasons, philosophically, the actions of the characters, often reflected the historical situation experienced by the authors. Semantically varied and controversy, the word oppression is provided in this approach, the possibility of an interpretation of a study of socio-cultural moment in which the works were written, following the philosophical line developed by the German thinker Sigmund Freud, in refers to the interpretation of the double. The research was theoretical served as Todorov, Caillois and Bessière to the approach of gender in this fantastic two works. Because of having to be searched throughout the literature of the two authors, felt the need to quote other works, which helped to establish a dialogue between the narratives and other selected works of the two writers. By studying the narratives of the authors, it was thought it was a necessary insertion in the recent history of two countries whose survey is inserted in the annexes. Why not forget the socio-cultural context of the preparation of the two texts, is that the survey reflects the historical circumstances at the time of their creation, while, however, understand that the literature that goes beyond simple mirror of reality, because the literary work In addition to dialogue with the world around them, and argue with times and places other than the reality. The choice of this theme is also gave the theoretical question of order, hence the choice of the body, submitted for study