Esta investigación tiene por objetivo analizar los criterios de diseño persuasivo que utilizan las marcas peruanas de moda sostenible durante el proceso de creación de la identidad visual para comunicar sus valores. Por consiguiente, se planteó como hipótesis que el diseño persuasivo se utiliza como base al momento de crear la identidad visual de las marcas de moda sostenible, puesto que facilita la comunicación y recepción de los valores sostenibles. Esta investigación es de tipo cualitativo, puesto que los datos a examinar son los elementos de la identidad visual de las marcas peruanas de moda sostenible. Los elementos analizados son: el logo, la tipografía, la paleta de color, el estilo fotográfico, el tono de comunicación y las figuras de soporte. Se trata de una investigación de alcance descriptivo en vista que el fin es examinar información con respecto a una gráfica visual. Los resultados obtenidos confirman que la identidad visual posibilita la comunicación efectiva de los valores sostenibles de la marca. Gracias a los elementos que componen la identidad visual, las marcas peruanas se dan a conocer ante su público objetivo. Se concluye que, el diseño persuasivo es apto para comunicar los valores de las marcas de moda sostenible, mas no es considerado al momento de crear la identidad visual. Sin embargo, este sí se evidencia en la comunicación de los valores sostenibles. Esto sucede porque las marcas optan por mostrarse ante sus consumidores de forma auténtica; buscan concientizar al usuario sobre el impacto de la industria de la moda. / This research aims to analyze the persuasive design criteria used by Peruvian sustainable fashion brands when creating their visual identity to communicate their sustainable values. Regarding the hypothesis, it was considered that persuasive design is used as the basis when creating the visual identity of sustainable fashion brands; since it eases the communication and reception of sustainable values. The research type is qualitative, since the data and elements to be analyzed on are graphic and not numerical. The content to be observed are those used by Peruvian sustainable fashion brands when creating their visual identity. This investigation has a descriptive scope since the purpose is to examine information with respect to a visual graph. The results demonstrate that the visual identity enables the brand to achieve an effective communication, and it is the elements that compose it that allow Peruvian sustainable fashion brands to achieve recognition between the users. Finally, although persuasive design is apt to communicate the sustainable values ​​of sustainable fashion brands, it is not considered when creating a strategy and designing visual identity; however, if it is evidenced in the communication of sustainable values. This happens because brands choose to show themselves as a genuine brand to their consumers. Its objective is not to impose sustainability but to make the user aware of its existence, and that from the purchase they choose responsible fashion consumption. / Trabajo de investigación

Introduction: The second hand market for apparel is a good alternative for making sustainable purchases, given that it does not contribute to textile waste to the same extent as the fast fashion industry. Consumers are aware of the current environmental issues, however they do not always act according to their knowledge. Therefore, this study is devoted to examine the possibility to increase the consumer’s participation in the second hand market for apparel, as a solution to the problem of textile waste. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine how influencer marketing can be used in order to increase the participation in the second hand market for apparel. Further, this paper examines the impact of the factors of price, environmental awareness and quality on sale and purchase of second hand apparel. Method: To implement this study both quantitative and qualitative methodologies have been used. For the quantitative part surveys have been constructed, to get a broader view of the consumer behavior. Furthermore, interviews with different consumers were held for the qualitative part, to get a deeper insight in the consumer behavior. The collected data has later on been a support for the analysis. Conclusion: This study shows that influencer marketing can indeed increase the participation on the second hand market for apparel, by increasing environmental awareness among the consumers. Moreover, the most influential factors are quality when purchasing, price when selling and environmental awareness both when purchasing and selling. Introduktion: Andrahandsmarknaden för kläder är ett bra alternativ om man vill fatta hållbara köpbeslut, då det inte bidrar till textilavfall i samma utsträckning som fast fashion industrin. Konsumenter är idag medvetna om befintliga miljöproblem, men det är inte alltid de handlar i enlighet med sin kunskap. Därför är denna studie egnad åt att undersöka möjligheten att öka konsumentens deltagande på andrahandsmarknaden för kläder som en lösning till textilavfallsproblemet. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur influencer marketing kan användas för att öka konsumentens deltagande på andrahandsmarknaden för kläder. Vidare, undersöker denna studie tre faktorers påverkan på köp och sälj av andrahandskläder. Dessa faktorer är pris, miljömedvetenhet och kvalitet. Metod: För att genomföra den studie har både kvantitativ och kvalitativ metod används. Till den kvantitativa delen har enkäter skapats för att få en bredare bild av konsumentens beteende. Vidare har intervjuer hållits med olika konsumenter till den kvalitativa delen. Detta har gjorts för att få en djupare insikt i konsumentens beteende. Den data som har samlats har senare varit stöd för den analys som har gjorts. Slutsats: Denna studie visar att influencer marketing kan användas för att öka kundens deltagande på andrahandsmarknaden för kläder och detta genom att öka miljömedvetenheten bland kunderna. Dessutom visar studien att kvalitet är den faktorn som har störst inflytande på köpande, samtidigt som pris har störst effekt på säljande. Slutligen har miljömedvetenhet ett relativt stort inflytande på både köp och sälj.

The fashion industry has been criticized due to environmental issues, such as the causation of increased scarcity of landfills, hazardous emissions, and exhaustion of non-renewable resources. At the same time, customers, and governments require organizations within the industry to be transparent, offer sustainable consumption, and take responsibility for textile waste. The proposed solution for this is called circular economy (CE), which aims to present a circular system where the value of materials, resources, and products is preserved in the economy for as long as possible. Reverse logistics, referring to managing product returns, end-of-life processing followed by recovery operations, has been stated to be the primary component of CE. Thus, there has been a research gap on how CE practice can be applied to reverse logistics within the fashion industry. To enrich the literature in the field, the purpose of this study is to describe and analyze how sampled Swedish founded fashion retailers state that they apply CE practice to reverse logistics. The methodology applied was a multiple case-study, using semi-structured interviews and official documents. Driving forces that were stated as reasons for applying CE practice to reverse logistics were categorized into three main categories: environmental, social, and economic forces. They were linked to the theory of institution. Signs of all types of isomorphism was shown in the research. This could explain why fashion retailers stated that they performed similarly causes of actions. The stated approaches were divided into four main categories: product-service system, clothing collection, direct redistribution, and reuse or recycling. These categories included the following practical activities: 1) product care and leasing service, 2) in-store clothing collection, 3) sales in outlet stores, sales in second-hand stores, and donating garments to charity and, 4) collaboration with a recycling organization, reuse, and producing and selling upcycled collections. Thus, before implementing the approaches the design and production stage had to be considered.

Influencer marketing är en effektiv marknadsföringsmetod för att öka köpbeteendet hos konsumenter. Uppsatsens fokus är att undersöka Millenials och Generation Z:s klädkonsumtion av Fast Fashion och hur de påverkas av Influencer marketing samt förhållningssätt till miljöfrågor vid klädköp. En växande klädkonsumtion och klädtillverkning går inte ihop med behovet av att konsumera mindre och engagera sig kring miljöfrågor. En studie har genomförts i form av intervjuer med strategiskt utvalda respondenter inom generationskategorierna Millennials och Generation Z. Resultatet visar att generationerna inte reflekterar över den miljöpåverkan klädindustrin har, samt att kvinnor och yngre personer i större utsträckning än män och äldre personer påverkas av Influencer marketing. Resultatet visar även att Influencer marketing är ett mycket effektivt marknadsföringsverktyg för att öka köpbeteendet hos konsumenter.

Sustainability is a highly discussed subject in today’s society. One industry that is facing big challenges when it comes to its environmental effect is the fashion industry. The pressure to live up to the society’s norms regarding sustainability can lead to greenwashing. Greenwashing arises when a company's positive communication regarding their sustainability does not match with their actual environmental impact. When it comes to how companies want to portrait themselves and communicate they can choose to focus on either creating a good reputation or be legitimate. These two ways of communicating can end up in conflict since it is important to differentiate from competitors but also show that you follow expected norms. This essay’s purpose has been to investigate how two of the world’s highest valued fashion companies, H&M Group and Inditex, focus on reputation or legitimacy for their sustainability communication. The essay shows that H&M Group and Inditex are very similar in their use of both reputation and legitimacy for their sustainability communication. The study shows that both companies focus slightly more on creating a better reputation than legitimacy though. The essay also shows that both companies possibly could be using greenwashing to strengthen their reputation and legitimacy. / I dagens samhälle är hållbarhet ett högst aktuellt ämne. En bransch som står inför stora utmaningar när det gäller dess påverkan på miljön är modebranschen. Pressen att leva upp till omgivningens normer kring hållbarhet kan leda till greenwashing. Greenwashing uppstår när företags positiva kommunikation kring sitt miljöarbete inte stämmer överens med det faktiska miljöarbetet. När det kommer till hur företag vill porträttera sig och kommunicera kan de fokusera på att antingen skapa ett gott anseende eller vara legitima. Dessa två sätt att kommunicera på kan hamna i konflikt då det är viktigt att vara konkurrenskraftig men också visa att man följer förväntade normer. Denna uppsats syfte har därför varit att undersöka huruvida två av de högst värderade modeföretagen, H&M Group och Inditex, fokuserar på anseende eller legitimitet i sin hållbarhetskommunikation. Uppsatsen visar att H&M Group och Inditex är mycket lika i sin användning av både anseende och legitimitet i sin hållbarhetskommunikation. Studien visar dock att företagen fokuserar aningen mer på att öka sitt anseende än sin legitimitet. Uppsatsen visar också att båda företagen möjligtvis använder sig av greenwashing för att stärka sitt anseende och legitimitet.

Titel: Corporate Social Responsibility- En kvalitativ studie om hur CSR påverkar konsumenters köpbeslut och synen på varumärket. Datum: 2022-01-13 Författare: Nathalie Werley Nivå: Kandidatuppsats i marknadsföring 15 hp, Linnéuniversitetet. Handledare: Afshin Afsharipour Examinator: Christine Tidåsen Frågeställning: Hur påverkar företags CSR-arbete konsumentens syn på själva varumärket och är detta något som påverkar konsumentens köpbeslut? Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur konsumenter uppfattar H&M:s hållbarhetsarbete och ifall företagets CSR-arbete är något som påverkar deras syn på varumärket. Studien syftar också till att undersöka hur CSR påverkar konsumenters köpbeslut.  Metod: I denna studie har en kvalitativ metod använts i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer, detta för att kunna samla in primärdata. Undersökningen utgjordes av 6 respondenter varav alla hade handlat hos H&M vid något tidigare tillfälle. Den yngsta respondenten var 25 år och den äldsta 57 år. Både kvinnor och män inkluderades i intervjuundersökningen.  Slutsatser: Konsumenter uppfattar H&M:s CSR kommunikation som bristfällig trots att företaget belyser sitt CSR-arbete på sin hemsida. Flera av konsumenterna känner inte förtroende inför H&M:s hållbarhetsarbete som de kommunicerar ut, vilket grundar sig på tidigare skandaler om företaget. Konsumenters syn av ett varumärke kan påverkas av hur företaget kommunicerar ut sitt CSR-arbete, dessutom kan CSR ha en positiv påverkan på konsumenters köpbeslut.

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The importance of transparency, reliability and credibility in Sustainability Reports in the fashion industry has increased in recent years. We as a society have become more aware of the environmental and social impact we have on the planet. The study highlights the importance of progression of communication, transparency and CSR over a five year period in Sustainability Reports. As well, analyzes short- and long term goals communicated through a Sustainability Report by three Swedish fashion companies. Furthermore, this study investigates the increasing demand for transparency that makes it crucial for companies to disclose their efforts towards sustainability in a transparent and reliable manner. It was conducted through a thematic analysis where themes within the reports were collected. The results from the study show that there has been a progression to some extent with an increase of communication regarding credibility and focus on circularity. It showcases findings of transparency, communication, and CSR principles throughout the Sustainability Reports demonstrating a positive viewpoint. The evidence of the progression shown by the three companies in their short- and long term goals in the reports strengthens the underlying theme, how there currently is limited research on the importance of examining the evolution of their sustainability claims and assesses their actual impact on the environment and society as a whole. Additionally, the study addresses the challenges fashion companies face when creating Sustainability Reports.

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are currently achieving massive growth but the problems and challenges associated with them are less understood. A goal in supply chain management is to maintain a solid flow of goods from raw materials to manufacturers and distribution of the final product. In managing all of these moving parts, warehousing plays a vital and central role to streamlining the supply chain. Furthermore, expanding a firm’s business to one or more locations as trends in markets, and consumer demands are continuously changing has proven vital to succeed. Yet, there is under developed research in the are of geographical expansion as it pertains to warehouse operations as an SME. In understanding these challenges and motivations to expand, SMEs have a greater chance to succeed. This thesis uses a combination of the existing literature surrounding global warehouse expansion as well as a field study that was conducted to gain further insight into an SME that is currently undergoing a warehouse expansion in both Germany and the United States. The motives for expansion to these locations are explored through semi structured interviews of six employees involved in the warehouse project. There is great complexity in this case, where unfamiliar locations and market potential are unknown, making this sector within supply chain management of SMEs an important one to investigate.

Despite boasting a long tradition of enterprise, the collective narrative of African-American entrepreneurship is one of marginal success, mainly because entrepreneurs experience an array of barriers, from segregation to lack of access to capital, that limits resiliency and increases susceptibility to shocks. Challenging this narrative are cases of entrepreneurial achievement that seem to coincide with periods of social change in the United States. This two-part study explored the effects of social movements on the trajectory of entrepreneurial firms. Study one delved into the business histories of six prominent African-American beauty industry entrepreneurs active during the First Great Migration, Civil Rights, and Black Lives Matter eras. Findings suggest that entrepreneurial opportunities and decision-making evolve as social action cycles progress. Study two scaffolded atop study one’s findings and concentrated on entrepreneurial actions inspired by change movements. Specifically, while movements are emergent, entrepreneurs respond to social and market constraints by introducing a service or product-based remedy. As movements progress, entrepreneurs carve and serve a defined niche while contending with whether to contract market positioning or expand it (bound-radiate paradox). It used the Golden Age of hip hop and its wake as the focal socio-cultural movement, along with its derivative streetwear fashion industry, to probe deeper into the interplay between social movements and entrepreneurial decision-making; it examined bound-radiate decisions and in doing so unlocked a novel value-based framework that motivates entrepreneurs to act, conceptualized via the Value-Based Three-States Model. Results expand the opportunity perception and realization literature and increase the knowledge base on conditions affecting the success of black-owned businesses. Study findings could be the foundation for a research-informed decision-making matrix that employs knowledge of patterns and trends to predict and respond to uncertainty and competition. The matrix could serve as a roadmap for aspiring and current entrepreneurs, along with their consultant allies, which helps read market directionality, informs strategic planning, and aids in the defter navigation of analogous circumstances. / Business Administration/Entrepreneurship