Submitted by Lucienne Costa (lucienneferreira@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-05-04T21:11:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RAQUEL DA SILVA GUEDES – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGH) 2016.pdf: 866736 bytes, checksum: cb09b07cba9a2474af4bed591a83389e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-04T21:11:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RAQUEL DA SILVA GUEDES – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGH) 2016.pdf: 866736 bytes, checksum: cb09b07cba9a2474af4bed591a83389e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06 / A história feminina na Ciência e Tecnologia foi limitada devido a fatores circunstanciais que delimitaram o espaço como predominantemente masculino, de maneira que até hoje a presença das mulheres nessa área de conhecimento ainda é pequena. Durante séculos a luta feminina por direitos civis e educacionais foi acirrada, sendo vários os eventos históricos em que mulheres foram em busca de oportunidades de formação profissional e à disputa dos lugares de trabalho no mercado, seja porque tinham o ideal de igualdade de gênero, seja porque não aceitaram o discurso de que a capacidade da mulher seria inferior a do homem. O presente trabalho de pesquisa tem como problema a ser analisado a presença feminina em cursos de graduação de engenharias. O objetivo geral é analisar as construções discursivas que limitaram os espaços de vivência das mulheres, causando diferenças sociais e de gênero, e especificamente, investigar a inserção feminina na Ciência e Tecnologia, e as principais dificuldades enfrentadas por elas. Para isso foram utilizados dados estatísticos veiculados pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) e do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq); e, relatos de ex-alunas, ex-professoras, professoras, ex-professores e professores da Escola Politécnica da Paraíba, da Universidade Federal da Paraíba e da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande. Foram também utilizados artigos, dissertações de Mestrado, teses de Doutorado, e publicações sobre o assunto gênero, questões de gênero nas ciências e mulheres na ciência e tecnologia encontradas em sites de internet. Os relatos foram analisados por meio da metodologia em História Oral, e todas as informações e literatura analisadas a partir da referência teórica do pensador Michel Foucault. Como resultados da pesquisa, constatamos a permanência de práticas culturais que desencorajam as mulheres de enveredar pela ciência e tecnologia; e, a permanência de discurso que naturaliza o campo da ciência e tecnologia como eminentemente masculino. De modo que, há uma contribuição para a naturalização dos papéis sociais, e para o distanciamento de mulheres dessa. São muitos os desafios à inserção do feminino nessa área, por isso verificamos que as mulheres têm usado táticas de burlas para conseguir superar limitações e dar contribuições para o progresso da ciência e tecnologia. / Women's history in Science and Technology was limited due to circumstantial factors that delimit the space as predominantly male, so that today the presence of women in this area of knowledge is still small. For centuries women's struggle for civil and educational rights was fierce, with several historical events in which women were seeking training opportunities and the struggle of the working places in the market, either because they had the ideal of gender equality is because it did not accept the speech of the woman's capacity would be less than man. This research work has the problem to be analyzed the presence of women in engineering degree courses. The general objective is to analyze the discursive constructions that limited the living spaces of women, causing social and gender differences, and specifically investigate women's insertion in Science and Technology, and the main difficulties faced by them. For this we used statistical data transmitted by the Higher Education Personnel Improvement Coordination (CAPES) and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); and former students to reports, former teachers, teachers, former teachers and teachers of Paraíba Polytechnic School of the Federal University of Paraíba and the Federal University of Campina Grande. Were also used articles, Master's dissertations, PhD theses, and publications on the subject gender, gender issues in science and women in science and technology found in internet sites. The reports were analyzed using the methodology of Oral History, and all information and literature analyzed from the theoretical reference thinker Michel Foucault. As a result of the research, we found the permanence of cultural practices that discourage women from embarking on science and technology; and the speech of permanence that naturalizes the field of science and technology as eminently masculine. So, there is a contribution to the naturalization of social roles, and the distancing of women of that. There are many challenges to women's inclusion in this area, so we see that women have used tactics of scams to be able to overcome limitations and make contributions to the progress of science and technology.

This paper concerns the ordinary stories. It is about the forgotten and the things that have gone unnoticed. It is about female history and is a political exploration into what and who is allowed to take space. I focus on everyday life in a domestic space, where I see these things that are discarded, often are overlooked and not talked about. I explore society from a kitchen point of view with a grandmother’s life in focus. It is a story about everyday rituals in the home, which are of an important cultural deed. The objects support her in these rituals, and they also help me to tell. I investigate the memorial space and with my artistic practice I create a room to remember those who are soon no longer with us. In this project I work within the craft-field of corpus. I use the tradition of corpus as a method of working but also as a tool to discuss my subject. As corpus is talking about class and hierarchies it creates a counterweight to my project.

Essa dissertação de mestrado pesquisa a presença, representação e importância da mulher, da heroína, nos quadrinhos. O foco é a Mulher-Maravilha, de sua criação em 1941 a 2002. Analisando e comparando a personagem com dois outros personagens masculinos do mesmo país de origem, época e editora, Super-Homem e Batman, tentando entender os diferentes níveis de poder entre eles e os caminhos pelos quais a heroína passou. As diferenças serão analisadas dentro e fora dos quadrinhos. Além disso, consideramos a evolução da mulher dentro do mesmo recorte temporal de análise da personagem, relacionando os dois mundos e suas múltiplas influências. A intenção é alimentar e ampliar os estudos historiográficos sobre uma história das mulheres e também de resgatar a presença da mulher na história. A análise tem um especial foco sobre o tratamento aplicado à Mulher-Maravilha pela indústria cultural no Brasil, especialmente na metade dos anos cinqüenta, quando a personagem foi lançada aqui. Igualmente importante é a discussão entre globalização e mundialização, mas, mais do que isso, os sinais, fatores e a estrutura de um novo arranjo planetário na economia, política e cultura. A globalização e o resgate da mulher na história são fatos quase contemporâneos. Este trabalho vai tentar mostrar questões para compreender ambos os fenômenos, com a análise da Mulher-Maravilha que pretendemos fazer aqui. / This MA dissertation investigates the female presence, representation and significance in action comic books as heroes. The focus will be in Wonder Woman since 1941 to 2002. Analysing and comparing her character with two others big male characters from the same origin country, time and publishing company, Superman and Batman, we try to understand, the different levels of power between them and the ways that Wonder Woman to went through. These differences will be analysed inside and outside of the comics itself. Besides, this analysis is concerned on female evolution at the same period that Wonder Woman was created to the present. Our propose is to relate both worlds, the comic books and our world, and their mutual influences as well. These aspects are connected with the intention to provide and increase the historiography studies on a female history and also to rescue the female presence in history. The analysis has a special focus about the treatment applied to Wonder Woman by the cultural industry in Brazil. Equally important to this propose is the aspect about the last forty years (or near by) we have the process of global issues. A infinite discussion between global and worldwide matters but more than this, the signs, factors and structure from a new planetary arrangement in economy, politics and cultural aspects. The global process and the rescue of a female history are events almost contemporary. And in this work we will try to show questions to help us to understand both phenomenon because they are perfectly lynked with the analysis we will try to do here. Plus we could link with another significant part of this study which is the levels of the power.

Essa dissertação de mestrado pesquisa a presença, representação e importância da mulher, da heroína, nos quadrinhos. O foco é a Mulher-Maravilha, de sua criação em 1941 a 2002. Analisando e comparando a personagem com dois outros personagens masculinos do mesmo país de origem, época e editora, Super-Homem e Batman, tentando entender os diferentes níveis de poder entre eles e os caminhos pelos quais a heroína passou. As diferenças serão analisadas dentro e fora dos quadrinhos. Além disso, consideramos a evolução da mulher dentro do mesmo recorte temporal de análise da personagem, relacionando os dois mundos e suas múltiplas influências. A intenção é alimentar e ampliar os estudos historiográficos sobre uma história das mulheres e também de resgatar a presença da mulher na história. A análise tem um especial foco sobre o tratamento aplicado à Mulher-Maravilha pela indústria cultural no Brasil, especialmente na metade dos anos cinqüenta, quando a personagem foi lançada aqui. Igualmente importante é a discussão entre globalização e mundialização, mas, mais do que isso, os sinais, fatores e a estrutura de um novo arranjo planetário na economia, política e cultura. A globalização e o resgate da mulher na história são fatos quase contemporâneos. Este trabalho vai tentar mostrar questões para compreender ambos os fenômenos, com a análise da Mulher-Maravilha que pretendemos fazer aqui. / This MA dissertation investigates the female presence, representation and significance in action comic books as heroes. The focus will be in Wonder Woman since 1941 to 2002. Analysing and comparing her character with two others big male characters from the same origin country, time and publishing company, Superman and Batman, we try to understand, the different levels of power between them and the ways that Wonder Woman to went through. These differences will be analysed inside and outside of the comics itself. Besides, this analysis is concerned on female evolution at the same period that Wonder Woman was created to the present. Our propose is to relate both worlds, the comic books and our world, and their mutual influences as well. These aspects are connected with the intention to provide and increase the historiography studies on a female history and also to rescue the female presence in history. The analysis has a special focus about the treatment applied to Wonder Woman by the cultural industry in Brazil. Equally important to this propose is the aspect about the last forty years (or near by) we have the process of global issues. A infinite discussion between global and worldwide matters but more than this, the signs, factors and structure from a new planetary arrangement in economy, politics and cultural aspects. The global process and the rescue of a female history are events almost contemporary. And in this work we will try to show questions to help us to understand both phenomenon because they are perfectly lynked with the analysis we will try to do here. Plus we could link with another significant part of this study which is the levels of the power.

In hierdie navorsing word die toelating van vrouepredikante in die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk vanuit ’n kerkhistoriese en prakties-teologiese hoek bestudeer. Die navorsingswaardes wat in die sosiaal-konstruksionisme geld, naamlik dat sodanige navorsing ’n deelnemende en verhalende proses is, dat die invloed van diskoerse bestudeer word en dat die belangrikheid van taal in ag geneem word, is in die navorsing verreken. Vanuit ’n post-fundamentele teologiese posisionering is van ’n paar van die bewegings in ’n postfundamentele prakties-teologiese metodologie gebruik gemaak om na die belewing van agt vroueproponente en -predikante deur die loop van die proses van toelating, én daarna, te luister en saam met hulle te interpreteer. Daar is van die volgende bewegings gebruik gemaak: Die beskrywing van die verskillende kontekste waarteen die roepingsverhale en loopbane van vrouepredikante afgespeel het; die aanhoor en beskrywing van die kontekstuele ervarings van die betrokke vroue; die interpretasie van en betekenisgewing aan die verhale in samewerking met die vroue wat as medenavorsers geag word en die beskrywing van en refleksie oor die ervaring van God se teenwoordigheid in hulle roepingsverhale en bedieninge as proponente en predikante. Hierdie postfundamentele prakties-teologiese metodologie is inherent narratief van aard en sluit ook nou aan by die denklyne wat in die sosiaal-konstruksionisme geld. Deur hierdie metodologie is daar probeer om ’n bydrae te lewer tot die ontwikkeling en uitbou van mondelinge geskiedenis. Die beskrywing van vroue se verhale is terselfdertyd ook vrouegeskiedenis wat poog om vroue meer hoor- en sigbaar in algemene geskiedenis, maar spesifiek ook kerkgeskiedenis te maak. Die metodologie pas ook binne ’n meer postmoderne benadering tot geskiedenis in. Aan die hand hiervan is die breër landkaart en historiese konteks waarteen die roepingsverhale van vrouepredikante en kerklike vergaderings oor ’n tydperk van bykans 107 jaar afgespeel is, in breë trekke en deur middel van tydlyne beskryf. Die ontwikkeling en uitbouing van die volksmoederdiskoers oor die dieselfde tydperk is van nader beskou. Daar is verder gekyk na die invloed wat die breër konteks en die volksmoederdiskoers op vroue gedurende die twintigste eeu gehad het, hoe vroue oor die algemeen hulleself in bepaalde vroueruimtes soos vroue-organisasies uitgeleef het en of Afrikanervroue se stemme in die openbaar gehoor is al dan nie. Teen hierdie agtergrond is die verloop van die kerklike debat oor die toelating van vroue tot die besondere ampte, naamlik diakens, ouderlinge en vrouepredikante, beskryf. Hierdie debat kan in drie tydperke opgedeel word. Die eerste tydperk wat van 1966-1978 strek kan as ’n tyd van nadenke beskryf word. Vanaf 1982 tot 1990 is die debat deur ’n sterk verskil in Skrifbeskouing gekenmerk. Die laaste tydperk wat vanaf 1991 tot 2007 strek, beskryf hoe die praktyk stadig pos gevat het en hoe die gesprek uiteindelik na gendersake uitgebrei het. Die vroueproponente en -predikante se roepingsverhale, hulle belewenis van God in die pad wat hulle moes loop en eerste treë in die bediening is weer deurgaans teen die agtergrond van die breër landkaart, volksmoederdiskoers en die NG Kerk se verskillende sinodes aangehoor, beskryf en in samewerking met hulle geïnterpreteer. Bykomend tot die groep persoonlike verhale is twee verhale van vroue wat reeds voor 1950 teologie studeer het en nie meer vandag leef nie, opgeteken. In al die gesprekke het die belangrikheid van vrouepredikante se roepingsverhale, hulle positiewe en negatiewe belewenisse in die kerk, die impak van oorwegend manlike kerktaal op vroue, die gemis en impak van rolmodelle, die frustrasies rondom proponentskap en hulle belewing van God onder andere na vore gekom. Dit is ook opmerklik dat vrouepredikante oor die algemeen nie aktief aan die debat deelgeneem nie en dat die meeste van die medenavorsers in hierdie studie ’n bepaalde stuk ongemak met gendersake en feminisme beleef. Hulle laat net soos in die volksmoederdiskoers die praatwerk aan ander oor. / Thesis (DD)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Church History and Church Policy / unrestricted

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