Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:40:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marina Ferreira da Rosa Ribeiro.pdf: 792731 bytes, checksum: 7c1c54299532a5b866af277b04f1a74d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The main aim of this study was to find grounds and support from the psychoanalytical literature for the existence of specific psychological vicissitudes along the path from baby to girl to woman. The concepts put forward by certain psychoanalysts regarding this very intricate relationship and their effects on the continual challenge of becoming a woman and on the transmission of feminineness were investigated and analyzed. Freud s observations on the inexorable suppression that covers up the primordial relationship between mothers and their daughters were the starting point. Expressions for the nuances of the vestiges of this archaic relationship with mothers were sought; for daughters, their mothers are both the primary and the secondary objects of identification. Mothers eroticize their baby girls, leaving sensual traces for future adult enjoyment of female sexuality. In this relationship of like that engenders like, there is a potential risk of narcissistic entrapment and symbiotic illusion. Hostility between mothers and daughters was taken to be a search for psychological differentiation, which is always present to a greater or lesser extent. The passion between mother and daughter was shown firstly through the myth of Demeter and Persephone. The tragedy of Electra was dealt with as the other face of passion: hate. The conceptual framework surrounding feminineness in psychoanalysis was investigated and linked in, and the origin and development of the following concepts was explained: primary female identification (Paulo de Carvalho Ribeiro), primary homosexuality (Jacqueline Godfrind), primary female position or phase of feminineness (Melanie Klein) and primary maternalism and primary femaleness (Florence Guignard). The film Autumn Sonata by Ingmar Bergman was analyzed, focusing on the unsustainable nostalgia of meeting the mother, which was always dreamed of and never achieved. Continuing the reflections on the film, the male viewpoint and its indissociable dialectic connection with the female viewpoint is demonstrated. This coming together between female and male viewpoints brings to the fore the concept of psychological bisexuality. The different objective rules of mothers and fathers were also discussed. Two clinical constructions were presented: Zoe and Liz. Finally, the preciousness and tanatic , or the strength and vulnerability of the transmission of the feminineness from mothers to daughters were investigated / O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é fundamentar e sustentar, pela literatura psicanalítica, a existência de vicissitudes psíquicas específicas na trajetória bebê-menina- mulher. Investigo e analiso as concepções levantadas por alguns psicanalistas sobre tão intrincada relação, e seus efeitos no contínuo desafio de tornar-se mulher, assim como na transmissão da feminilidade. Parto das observações de Freud sobre o recalque inexorável que encobre os primórdios da relação de uma mãe com sua filha. Busco explicitar as nuances dos vestígios dessa relação arcaica com a mãe, que é, para a menina, tanto o objeto de identificação primário quanto o secundário. É a mãe quem erotiza seu bebê menina, deixando marcas sensuais para o futuro desfrutar adulto da sexualidade feminina. Há nessa relação do mesmo que engendra o mesmo, um risco pontecializado para a cilada narcísica e a ilusão simbiótica. A hostilidade entre mãe e filha é compreendida como uma busca de diferenciação psíquica, sempre presente, em maior ou menor intensidade. Apresento a paixão entre mãe e filha, primeiramente no mito de Deméter e Perséfone; abordo a tragédia de Electra como a outra face da paixão o ódio. Investigo e articulo a trama conceitual que cerca a concepção da feminilidade em psicanálise, e faço uma explanação da origem e desenvolvimento dos seguintes conceitos: identificação feminina primária (Paulo de Carvalho Ribeiro) homossexualidade primária (Jacqueline Godfrind), posição feminina primária ou fase da feminilidade (Melanie Klein) e, o materno primário e o feminino primário (Florence Guignard). Analiso o filme Sonata de Outono de Ingmar Bergman, sob o enfoque da insustentável nostalgia do encontro com a mãe, sempre sonhado e jamais alcançado. Na continuidade da reflexão a respeito do filme, coloco em evidência o olhar masculino e sua indissociável e dialética articulação com o olhar feminino. Essa aproximação entre o feminino e o masculino traz à tona o conceito de bissexualidade psíquica. O estatuto diverso da mãe e do pai como objeto também é discutido. Apresento duas construções clínicas: Zoe e Liz. Enfim, investigo o precioso e o tanático ou a força e a vulnerabilidade da transmissão da feminilidade de mãe em filha

Introdução: Embora a contracepção seja bastante prevalente no Brasil (77%), apenas dois métodos predominam: o contraceptivo hormonal oral e a esterilização cirúrgica (LT). No entanto a LT não é inócua e pode trazer diversas conseqüências para a vida dessas mulheres que se submetem a ela. Dentre estas pode estar a deterioração da função sexual o que seria contraditório visto que a LT objetiva uma vida sexual melhor, menos atemorizada pelo medo da gravidez. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a função sexual de mulheres submetidas à LT. Métodos: Estudo transversal de 235 casos, representativos de 1826, com dados obtidos através de inquérito da função sexual entre as mulheres laqueadas pelo SUS em Ribeirão Preto(SP) entre 2000 e 2004, utilizando-se o Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) adaptado para o contexto brasileiro. Resultados: As entrevistadas tinham em média 35,9 anos e foram esterilizadas em média aos 33,3 anos; 89,8% estavam em união marital, 57,9% declararam-se brancas e 66,8%, católicas, tinham em média 6,1 anos de estudo e 76,6% pertenciam às classes C e D; 93,4% referiram ter um bom relacionamento conjugal e 59,5% declararam que o relacionamento não mudou após o procedimento. A média de filhos vivos foi 3,2, resultaram aborto 8,8% das gestações, 71,2% resultaram partos vaginais e 28,8%, cesáreas; 52,3% usaram pílula 6 meses antes da cirurgia; 98,7% responderam estar satisfeita com a cirurgia e 6,8% referiram dor pélvica. Em geral, 32,5% das mulheres apresentaram escores de índice com risco para disfunção sexual medido pelo FSFI. Foi observada associação entre a variável disfunção sexual e categoria de escolaridade, renda per capita, dor pélvica, número de gravidezes, número de partos vaginais e de cesáreas. Observou-se correlação negativa entre o escore de função sexual e o número de filhos vivos e correlação positiva entre o escore e renda familiar, renda per capita e os valores de classificação econômica. Conclusão: A partir dos dados obtidos, pôde-se observar que dentre as mulheres laqueadas do estudo a presença de disfunção sexual estava associada à dor pélvica e maior número de cesarianas, assim como a situações ligadas à vulnerabilidade social (baixa renda e escolaridade e maior número de filhos). / Introduction: Although contraception is high prevalent in Brazil (77%), only two methods prevail: the hormonal pills and the surgical sterilization. However female sterilization is not innocuous and it can bring several consequences for those women\'s life. Among these consequences it can be to deterioration of the sexual function what is contradictory sees that the use of contraceptional methods aims at a better sexual life, less frightened by the fear of pregnancy. The present study had as objective evaluates the women\'s sexual function submitted to LT. Methods: prevalence study of 235 cases, representative of 1826, with data obtained through inquiry of the sexual function among the women sterilized by the public health system in Ribeirão Preto(SP) between 2000 and 2004. There has been used the Sexual Female Function Index (FSFI) adapted for the Brazilian context. Results: The interviewees were 35,9 years old on average and they were sterilized on average to the 33,3 years; 89,8% were in marital union, 57,9% pronounced white and 66,8%, catholic, they had on average of 6,1 years of study and 76,6% belonged to the classes C and D; 93,4% referred to have a good matrimonial relationship and 59,5% declared that the relationship didn\'t change after the procedure. The alive children\'s average was 3,2, 8,8% of the gestations resulted abortion, 71,2% resulted vaginal childbirths and 28,8%, cesarean; 52,3% used pill 6 months before the surgery; 98,7% answered to be satisfied with the surgery and 6,8% referred pelvic pain. In general, 32,5% of the women presented index scores with risk for sexual dysfunction measured by FSFI. Association was observed between the variable sexual dysfunction and education category, per capita income, pelvic pain, number of pregnancies, number of vaginal childbirths and of Cesarean. Negative correlation was observed between the score of sexual function and the number of alive children and positive correlation among the score and surrender family, per capita income and the values of economical classification. Conclusion: Starting from the obtained data, it could be observed that among the sterilized women the presence of sexual dysfunction was associated to the pelvic pain and larger number of cesarean operations, as well as linked situations to the social vulnerability (low income and education and larger number of children).

Introdução: Embora a contracepção seja bastante prevalente no Brasil (77%), apenas dois métodos predominam: o contraceptivo hormonal oral e a esterilização cirúrgica (LT). No entanto a LT não é inócua e pode trazer diversas conseqüências para a vida dessas mulheres que se submetem a ela. Dentre estas pode estar a deterioração da função sexual o que seria contraditório visto que a LT objetiva uma vida sexual melhor, menos atemorizada pelo medo da gravidez. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a função sexual de mulheres submetidas à LT. Métodos: Estudo transversal de 235 casos, representativos de 1826, com dados obtidos através de inquérito da função sexual entre as mulheres laqueadas pelo SUS em Ribeirão Preto(SP) entre 2000 e 2004, utilizando-se o Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) adaptado para o contexto brasileiro. Resultados: As entrevistadas tinham em média 35,9 anos e foram esterilizadas em média aos 33,3 anos; 89,8% estavam em união marital, 57,9% declararam-se brancas e 66,8%, católicas, tinham em média 6,1 anos de estudo e 76,6% pertenciam às classes C e D; 93,4% referiram ter um bom relacionamento conjugal e 59,5% declararam que o relacionamento não mudou após o procedimento. A média de filhos vivos foi 3,2, resultaram aborto 8,8% das gestações, 71,2% resultaram partos vaginais e 28,8%, cesáreas; 52,3% usaram pílula 6 meses antes da cirurgia; 98,7% responderam estar satisfeita com a cirurgia e 6,8% referiram dor pélvica. Em geral, 32,5% das mulheres apresentaram escores de índice com risco para disfunção sexual medido pelo FSFI. Foi observada associação entre a variável disfunção sexual e categoria de escolaridade, renda per capita, dor pélvica, número de gravidezes, número de partos vaginais e de cesáreas. Observou-se correlação negativa entre o escore de função sexual e o número de filhos vivos e correlação positiva entre o escore e renda familiar, renda per capita e os valores de classificação econômica. Conclusão: A partir dos dados obtidos, pôde-se observar que dentre as mulheres laqueadas do estudo a presença de disfunção sexual estava associada à dor pélvica e maior número de cesarianas, assim como a situações ligadas à vulnerabilidade social (baixa renda e escolaridade e maior número de filhos). / Introduction: Although contraception is high prevalent in Brazil (77%), only two methods prevail: the hormonal pills and the surgical sterilization. However female sterilization is not innocuous and it can bring several consequences for those women\'s life. Among these consequences it can be to deterioration of the sexual function what is contradictory sees that the use of contraceptional methods aims at a better sexual life, less frightened by the fear of pregnancy. The present study had as objective evaluates the women\'s sexual function submitted to LT. Methods: prevalence study of 235 cases, representative of 1826, with data obtained through inquiry of the sexual function among the women sterilized by the public health system in Ribeirão Preto(SP) between 2000 and 2004. There has been used the Sexual Female Function Index (FSFI) adapted for the Brazilian context. Results: The interviewees were 35,9 years old on average and they were sterilized on average to the 33,3 years; 89,8% were in marital union, 57,9% pronounced white and 66,8%, catholic, they had on average of 6,1 years of study and 76,6% belonged to the classes C and D; 93,4% referred to have a good matrimonial relationship and 59,5% declared that the relationship didn\'t change after the procedure. The alive children\'s average was 3,2, 8,8% of the gestations resulted abortion, 71,2% resulted vaginal childbirths and 28,8%, cesarean; 52,3% used pill 6 months before the surgery; 98,7% answered to be satisfied with the surgery and 6,8% referred pelvic pain. In general, 32,5% of the women presented index scores with risk for sexual dysfunction measured by FSFI. Association was observed between the variable sexual dysfunction and education category, per capita income, pelvic pain, number of pregnancies, number of vaginal childbirths and of Cesarean. Negative correlation was observed between the score of sexual function and the number of alive children and positive correlation among the score and surrender family, per capita income and the values of economical classification. Conclusion: Starting from the obtained data, it could be observed that among the sterilized women the presence of sexual dysfunction was associated to the pelvic pain and larger number of cesarean operations, as well as linked situations to the social vulnerability (low income and education and larger number of children).

Christina Rossetti and Dante Gabriel Rossetti both suffered from ambivalent feelings concerning the role female sexuality plays in the salvation of the soul. These ambivalent feelings ranged from seeing female sexuality as leading men to salvation, to seeing it as a trap for the destruction of women's souls as well as men's. The contradictory feelings of the Rossettis' typifies the Victorian people's experience and was caused by the nature of the times. Using the analysis of the period by Walter E. Houghton in The Victorian Frame of Mind: 1830-1870, this paper describes the affect the Victorians' religious zeal, their "moral earnestness," and their "woman-worship" had on the two Rossetti poets.

<p>The Sound and the Fury is William Faulkner’s story of the Compson family’s downfall in the American South during the early 20th century. The novel illustrates the impact on the cultural identity of the South of strictly defined social roles and the tension they created in the aftermath of slavery and defeat in the Civil War. In my analysis, I have chosen to focus on gender issues, especially in their Southern manifestation. The Compsons’ daughter, Caddy, figures prominently in the sons’ narratives, but is only portrayed through their perceptions and memories. My aim is to determine Caddy’s significance in the novel by exploring her relationships with her brothers, as seen through their eyes, and how she is characterized by them. In Benjy’s narrative, I examine her actions as a little girl in light of the Eve myth and the icon of the virgin mother. Quentin’s obsession with Caddy's sexuality as a teenager reveals the implications of associating female sexuality with death, the role of language in reproducing and combating established gender power structures, and the impact of traditional gender roles on women and men. Jason’s binary categorization of women as virgins or whores turns the few glimpses of Caddy as a mother into that of a woman treated as a commodity of exchange. In each of their narratives, Caddy is a dynamic character whose words, body, and actions expose prevailing social and gender power struggles. By conjuring her presence through her absence, her brothers reveal the depth and destructiveness of the social imperatives that underlie their attempts to control her. I suggest that Caddy’s role in the novel is to disrupt the brothers’ narratives and challenge the underlying Southern social and gender constructs that imbue them.</p>

The primary objective of this work is to understand the importance of the indigenous, female body in early New Spain through the study of visual media from the first two centuries of colonization: specifically looking at illustrations from Book 10 (of 15) in the Florentine Codex and images of indigenous Christian wedding ceremonies such as the painted folding screen Indian Wedding and a Flying Pole (c.1690). I argue through visual, theoretical and historical analysis that regulating indigenous female sexuality was a critical component to in the creation of colonial New Spain and that imagery played an essential role in this regulatory process.

This dissertation focuses on the triangulated relationship among female sexuality, patriarchy, and empire and examines literary and historical texts to understand how Britons increasingly identified as imperialists over the course of the nineteenth century. This project, the first book-length study of its kind, features analyses of canonical works like Mansfield Park, David Copperfield, and Adam Bede as well as analyses of paintings, etchings, conference proceedings, newspaper advertisements, colonial reports, political tracts, and medical records from Britain and its colonies. I challenge critical conceptions of the fallen woman as a trope of domestic fiction whose position as outcast illustrates the stigmatization of female sex during the nineteenth century, and I argue that the depiction and punishment of fallen women in multiple genres reveal an interest in protecting and maintaining an imperial system that claims moral superiority over the people it colonizes. My critical stance is both feminist and postcolonial, and my work complicates readings of fallen women in Victorian literature while also adding significantly to scholarship on gender and empire begun by Anne McClintock and Philippa Levine. I claim that during the nineteenth century, the fallen woman comes to represent that which will threaten patriarchal and imperial power, and her regulation reveals an intent to purify the British conscience and strengthen the nation’s sense of itself as a moral and exceptional leader in the world. My investigation into fallenness and empire through a wide range of texts underscores the centrality of imperialism to British society and to the lives of Britons living far removed from colonial sites like India or East Africa.

There is an ongoing fascination with the Victorian era as well as the genre of horror, and the characters originating from the first 18th century Gothic tales still appear in our Western popular culture today. The Victorian Gothic novels contain elements of romanticism and violence which often results in strong undertones of heated sexuality. I argue that it is one of the reasons for the genre’s wide popularity. This thesis examines the representation of femininity and female sexuality within a Victorian horror context by a comparative analyse of illustrations from British 19th century Penny Blood publications with contemporary fashion photographs. The images are analysed by applying Erwin Panofsky’s method of Iconography and with the theoretical framework of feminist visual culture, and historical theories on sexuality, biology and violence. The thesis shows how Gothic visualisations are interpreted and appropriated photographically today, where the latter is darker and more exaggerated than the former. Symbols of sexuality, female agency, dominance and submission are equally found in the Victorian and the contemporary material. However, the Victorian aesthetic has become a platform where a nude, sexual female body in a S&amp;M situation can offer a spectrum of meanings and even symbols of feminism. It is a visual culture where women can fight back, taking revenge on their oppressor and looking fierce when doing so.

The purpose of this essay is to use a systematic literature review to examine what previous research highlights about honor-related violence and oppression. With a focus on women's vulnerability, but also to study what definition the term “honour” has in previous research, as well how different forms of violence are used in the maintenance of honour. The method that was used to be able to compile previous research is a systematic literature review that drew inspiration from hermeneutics. The essay is based on previous research consisting of 20 scientific articles, which have been systemically analyzed in order to be able to answer the purpose of the study and questions that consist of themes,; Definition of “Honour” – honour as sexual purity, the male versus female honour, ÿeref and namus,; The influence of power structures – factors that work together to maintain honour, roles within the family and the ideal victim, patriarchal values, laws that limit women’s rights, honour within culture, religion and ethnicity,; What forms of violence are used/expressed – violence triggering factors, isolation methods and different forms of violence. The results show that honour related violence and oppression is a difficult to define problem with complex roots and deadly consequences. Where the order of power and gender, female sexuality, sexual purity, and reputation are decisive factors that make the woman a subordinate individual and she is marked by the culture of honour within the patriarchy as the bearer of the honour of the family and the community. A man’s honour is his alone, while a woman’s rests on the whole family. Violence that women are exposed to is of various forms ranging from latent violence, psychological and physical violence, socioeconomic and socially structured violence, as well as various isolations in everyday life. / Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att med hjälp av systematisk litteraturöversikt undersöka vad tidigare forskning framhåller om hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck, med fokus på kvinnors utsatthet, men även studera vilken definition begreppet “heder” har i tidigare forskning, samt hur olika maktstrukturer påverkar kvinnors utsatthet och vilka olika våldsformer används det i upprätthållandet av hedern. Metoden som användes för att kunna sammanställa tidigare forskning är en systematisk litteraturöversikt som hämtat inspiration från hermeneutiken. Uppsatsen utgår från tidigare forskning som består av 20 vetenskapliga artiklar, som systematiskt analyserats för att kunna besvara syftet och frågeställningarna. I resultatet presenteras olika teman som är kopplad till studiens syfte och frågeställningar som består av teman; Definition på “heder” – heder som sexuella renhet, den manliga kontra kvinnliga hedern, ÿeref och namus,; Maktstrukturers påverkan- faktorer som samverkar för upprätthålla heder, roller inom familjen och det ideala offret, patriarkala värderingar, lag som begränsar kvinnans rätt, heder inom kultur, religion och etnicitet.; Vilka våldsformer används/uttrycks – våldsutlösande faktorer, isolerings metoder och olika våldsformer. Resultatet visar att hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck är en svårt definierad problematik med komplexa rötter och dödliga konsekvenser. Där maktordning och könstillhörighet, den kvinnliga sexualiteten, sexuell renhet och rykten är avgörande faktorer som gör kvinnan till en underordnad individ och hon är märkt av hederskulturen inom patriarkatet som bärare av familjens och gemenskapens heder. En mans heder är bara hans, samtidigt vilar kvinnans heder över hela familjen. Våld som kvinnor utsätts för är av olika former allt ifrån latent våld, psykisk- och fysiskt våld, socioekonomisk och socialt strukturerad våld, samt olika isoleringar i vardagslivet.

Ce mémoire étudie la prostitution dans le roman Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure de John Cleland comme moyen réussi d'indépendance financière et de mobilité sociale dans une société patriarcale du XVIIIe siècle. Respectivement, il met en évidence la résistance de l'héroïne à ces structures. Dans le premier chapitre, j'analyse le personnage de Fanny Hill et l'importance des choix qu'elle fait pour transformer son statut financier. Ainsi, je discuterai des maquerelles, les femmes qui supervisent l’affaire du bordel, en tant que figures centrales dans la formation de la personnalité de Fanny en plus de sa relation amoureuse avec Charles, le jeune homme qu'elle rencontre dans le bordel et s'échappe avec lui. Dans le chapitre 2, j'aborde, à travers la figure de Fanny, la notion d'un corps féminin en contrôle, et les manières dont Cleland dépeint l'agence de Fanny à travers son corps ; Fanny présente son agence à travers son corps de plusieurs façons. L'une des principales façons dont elle le fait est de faire des choix concernant ses expériences et ses relations sexuelles. Tout au long du roman, elle a un certain nombre de rencontres sexuelles avec différents hommes, et elle est souvent décrite comme contrôlant ces rencontres.. Dans ce chapitre, je discuterai le pouvoir des femmes à travers le thème de la virginité feinte telle qu'elle est représentée dans le roman et le mariage comme un concept transgressif qui remet en question les normes patriarcales. / Through a reading of John Cleland’s Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure (1748), this thesis explores prostitution as a means of financial independence and social mobility within the patriarchal structures of eighteenth-century Britain. It considers the resistance of the novel’s heroine, Fanny Hill, to these structures. In Chapter 1, I analyze Fanny Hill’s character and the importance of the choices she makes in her attempts to transform her financial status. Thus, I discuss Cleland’s portrayal of the ‘bawds’— the women who oversee the brothel business in which Fanny becomes involved — as central figures in shaping Fanny’s personality, while also considering her developing amorous relationship with Charles, the young man she meets in the brothel and escapes with. In Chapter 2, I address, through the figure of Fanny, the notion of a female body in control, and the ways in which Cleland portrays Fanny as finding agency through her body. She does so by making choices about her sexual experiences and relationships. I demonstrate that, throughout the novel, Fanny has a number of sexual encounters with various men, and that she is often depicted as being in control of theses encounters. In this chapter, I discuss female empowerment through the phenomenon of feigned virginity and through a particular version of marriage that challenges patriarchy.