Submitted by PPG Biologia Celular e Molecular (bcm@pucrs.br) on 2017-08-15T12:27:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BRUNO_DE_SOUZA_BASSO_DIS.pdf: 1709254 bytes, checksum: 167b84b794ff4ea4955b2ef79229ab4e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-08-16T13:04:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 BRUNO_DE_SOUZA_BASSO_DIS.pdf: 1709254 bytes, checksum: 167b84b794ff4ea4955b2ef79229ab4e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-16T13:39:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BRUNO_DE_SOUZA_BASSO_DIS.pdf: 1709254 bytes, checksum: 167b84b794ff4ea4955b2ef79229ab4e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-03 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The genus Baccharis belongs to the family Asteraceae and has several species widely used in folk medicine and own many compounds of pharmaceutical interest. The aim of this work was to evaluate the cytotoxic, antiproliferative effect and phenotypic reversion of Baccharis anomala extract on activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and identify the compounds present in the extract. In order to evaluate the cytotoxic and antiproliferative effect of the fractionated extract, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and the trypan blue exclusion method were used. The phenotype reversion was evaluated by staining with Oil Red and PPAR-? expression by RT-PCR. The fractions obtained from the methanolic extract were characterized for their phenolic composition by HPLC. The results showed that two fractions of methanolic extract decreased cell proliferation without increasing LDH release levels. Cell cycle arrest was evaluated using 7-AAD and DAPI staining was used to evaluate indications of apoptosis. Fractions of B.anomala induced cell cycle arrest in G1 phase, while DAPI staining did not reveal cell death by apoptosis. Oil-Red (ORO) staining showed the ability of fractions to induce phenotypic reversion and the evaluation of PPAR-? mRNA expression was not altered, suggesting that there is an independent PPAR-? pathway involved. The main components identified in the fractions that presented biological activity were hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic and coumaric acid. Our study was able to show the antiproliferative effect of methanolic extract fractions of B.anomala, its potential to reverse the activated phenotype of hepatic stellate cells and showed its potential for the treatment of liver fibrosis. / O g?nero Baccharis pertence ? fam?lia Asteraceae e tem v?rias esp?cies amplamente utilizadas na medicina popular, possuindo muitos compostos de interesse farmac?utico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito citot?xico, antiproliferativo e a revers?o fenot?pica do extrato de Baccharis anomala em c?lulas estreladas hep?ticas ativadas (HSCs) e identificar os compostos presentes no extrato. Para avaliar o efeito citot?xico e antiproliferativo do extrato fracionado, foram utilizadas a libera??o de lactato desidrogenase (LDH) e o m?todo de exclus?o de azul de Tripan. A revers?o do fen?tipo foi avaliada por colora??o com Oil Red e pela express?o de PPAR-? por RT-PCR. As fra??es obtidas a partir do extrato metan?lico foram caracterizadas pela sua composi??o fen?lica por HPLC. Os resultados mostraram que duas fra??es do extrato metan?lico diminu?ram a prolifera??o celular sem aumentar os n?veis de libera??o de LDH. A parada do ciclo celular foi avaliada usando 7-AAD e colora??o por DAPI foi utilizada para avaliar a apoptose celular. As fra??es de B.anomala induziram a parada do ciclo celular em fase G1, a colora??o por DAPI n?o revelou morte celular por apoptose. Colora??o por Oil-RedO (ORO) mostrou a capacidade de indu??o da revers?o fenot?pica, a avalia??o da express?o mRNA de PPAR-y por RT-PCR n?o foi alterada, sugerindo que exista uma via independente de PPAR-y envolvida. Os principais componentes identificados nas fra??es que apresentaram atividade biol?gica foram os ?cidos hidroxibenz?ico, clorog?nico e cum?rico. Nosso estudo foi capaz de mostrar o efeito antiproliferativo das fra??es de extrato metan?lico de B.anomala, seu potencial para reverter o fen?tipo ativado das c?lulas estreladas hep?ticas e mostrou seu potencial para o tratamento da fibrose hep?tica.

Submitted by PPG Engenharia e Tecnologia de Materiais (engenharia.pg.materiais@pucrs.br) on 2018-06-11T12:25:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Investiga??o de atividades biol?gicas e potencial uso de extratos das flores de Acacia mearnsii o.pdf: 2416660 bytes, checksum: d1a24de16c6bbd6f86f46d3c0bb1dbc0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-06-21T18:41:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Investiga??o de atividades biol?gicas e potencial uso de extratos das flores de Acacia mearnsii o.pdf: 2416660 bytes, checksum: d1a24de16c6bbd6f86f46d3c0bb1dbc0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-21T18:54:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Investiga??o de atividades biol?gicas e potencial uso de extratos das flores de Acacia mearnsii o.pdf: 2416660 bytes, checksum: d1a24de16c6bbd6f86f46d3c0bb1dbc0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Although the Acacia mearnsii tree is widely cultivated and used in the industry, its flowers are seldom researched. Considering the extensive availability of A. mearnsii flowers and the growing interest in natural products, this work aimed at the obtainment of extracts from these flowers and investigation of their composition and biochemistry properties. In this work, essential oil and aqueous extract by steam distillation and extracts were obtained with supercritical fluid. The essential oil was characterized by CG-MS and olfactometry. The main compounds identified in the essential oil were 8-heptadecene, heptadecane, nonadecane e kaurene. The main aroma detected by olfactometric analysis was roast nutty, as well as coffee, sweet, floral, vegetal and spicy. Antioxidant activity was determined and the aqueous extract showed an activity superior to rutin standard. LC-qTOF-MS identified 42 likely phenolic compounds, such as quercitrin, naringenin, myricetin, rutin, and robinetin. The extracts obtained by supercritical extraction and isolated fractions presented activity against S. aureus. The yield of the supercritical extraction was optimized using factorial planning and mass transfer parameters were obtained through mathematical models that represent the extraction curve. Thus, it was concluded that the flowers of A. mearnsii can be exploited by extractive processes used in this study to generate a plant by-product. The results indicate the aromatic and antioxidant potential of the essential oil and aqueous extract, respectively, obtained with 2.0 bar steam distillation, while the supercritical extract has antibacterial action. / A Acacia mearnsii, apesar de ser amplamente cultivada e utilizada industrialmente, n?o tem o potencial de suas flores explorado. Considerando a disponibilidade de flores da A. mearnsii e o crescente interesse por produtos naturais, esse trabalho consistiu na obten??o de extratos destas flores e na investiga??o de suas composi??es e a??es bioqu?micas. A pesquisa compreendeu a extra??o do ?leo essencial e a obten??o do extrato aquoso de flores da planta via destila??o por arraste a vapor, al?m da extra??o com fluido supercr?tico. O ?leo essencial foi analisado por GC-MS e apresentou, entre os 31 compostos identificados, 8-heptadeceno, heptadecano, nonadecano e caureno como compostos majorit?rios. Na an?lise olfatom?trica (GC-O), os principais aromas detectados no ?leo essencial foram caf?, doce, floral, vegetal e refrescante, com destaque para ?castanha/defumado?. O extrato aquoso das flores da A. mearnsii apresentou atividade antioxidante superior ? da rutina. Utilizando cromatografia de alta resolu??o (LC-qTOF/MS), foram verificados 42 prov?veis compostos fen?licos, entre eles, quercitrina, naringenina, miricetina, rutina, robinetina. Os extratos obtidos via extra??o supercr?tica e fra??es isoladas apresentaram atividade frente a S. aureus. O rendimento da extra??o supercr?tica foi otimizado utilizando planejamento fatorial e par?metros da transfer?ncia de massa foram obtidos atrav?s de modelos matem?ticos que representam a curva de extra??o. Assim, concluiu-se que as flores de A. mearnsii podem ser exploradas pelos processos extrativos empregados nesse estudo a fim de gerar um co-produto da cadeia produtiva da planta, uma vez que o ?leo essencial e o extrato aquoso, obtidos pela extra??o por arraste a vapor a 2,0 bar, possuem, respectivamente, potencial arom?tico e poder antioxidante, enquanto o extrato obtido com fluido supercr?tico apresenta a??o antibacteriana.

Submitted by PPG Medicina e Ci?ncias da Sa?de (medicina-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-06-29T12:35:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCELO_CARDOSO_BARROS.pdf: 2634751 bytes, checksum: 548db4114b1331853464efe3afad47f5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-07-06T14:42:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCELO_CARDOSO_BARROS.pdf: 2634751 bytes, checksum: 548db4114b1331853464efe3afad47f5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-06T15:04:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCELO_CARDOSO_BARROS.pdf: 2634751 bytes, checksum: 548db4114b1331853464efe3afad47f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-22 / Objective: To evaluate CT phenotypes, airflow limitation and exacerbation-like episodes in heavy smokers. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 172 smokers, with > 30 pack-years exposure, who underwent pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and quantitative computed tomography (QCT). Subjects were classified by presence or absence of airflow limitation according to the current GOLD criteria of post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < 0,7. QCT analysis of data in Airway Inspector software resulted in the establishment of two disease-predominant phenotypes groups: emphysema-predominant (EP) (>6 % of pixels < -950 HU) and non-emphysema-predominant (NEP) (<6 % of pixels < -950 HU). Results: The overall mean age was 63.39 ? 6.04 years, 58% were men, mean packyears smoking history was 70.7 ? 34.32 and mean body mass index (BMI) was 26.96 (?5.69). Most of the 58% of male subjects were distributed in the airflow limitation group, which had also a higher mean pack-years smoking history (77.20 ? 38.03 vs. 60.53 ? 24.50, p=0.009) and mean emphysema index (17.01 ? 9.96 vs. 4.52 ? 3.55, p<0.001), than the group without airflow limitation. About 8.9% of those subjects with no airflow limitation had exacerbation-like episodes, and 23,8% show emphysemapredominant phenotype. According to QTC analysis, the EP group exhibited worse FEV1/FVC mean ratio (55.62 ? 13.3) compared to the NEP (79.10 ? 9.78), p<0.001. Conclusions: Despite of no persistent airflow limitation, 8,9% of the heavy smokers had exacerbation-like episodes and QCT findings of emphysema. Those in the EP phenotype group, had worse PFTs values, higher smoking history, male predominance and also experienced more exacerbation-like episodes than NEP. / Objetivo: avaliar fumantes com alta carga tab?gica, analisando padr?es espirom?tricos, fenot?picos tomogr?ficos e desfechos cl?nicos. Material e M?todo: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 172 fumantes de um protocolo de rastreamento para detec??o de c?ncer de pulm?o, com carga tab?gica acima de 30 anos-ma?o, que realizaram pelo menos uma tomografia computadorizada e uma espirometria dentro de um intervalo de um ano. Inicialmente os pacientes foram separados em dois grupos, com fun??o pulmonar normal (FPN) e fun??o pulmonar alterada (FPA), e posteriormente fez-se uma suban?lise de acordo com o fen?tipo tomogr?fico. Resultados: encontrou-se idade m?dia de 63,39 ? 6,04 anos, a maioria eram homens (58%) e a carga tab?gica m?dia foi 70,7 ? 34,32 anos-ma?o. Os pacientes com FPA experimentaram mais infec??es respirat?rias no ano anterior do que os indiv?duos com FPN, respectivamente (n = 29 e n = 5; p = 0,05). Os participantes do grupo com FPN eram mais jovens e com maior propor??o de mulheres que o grupo com FPA, respectivamente (61,48 ? 5,32 anos; 64,61 ? 6,17 anos; p <0,001; n = 39 (58%), n = 33 (31%); p <0,001). A carga tab?gica dos indiv?duos com FPN era inferior em rela??o ao grupo com FPA, respectivamente (60,53 ? 24,50 anos-ma?o e 77,20 ? 38,03 anos-ma?o; p<0.009). Cerca de 9% dos indiv?duos com fun??o pulmonar normal apresentaram epis?dios infecciosos no trato respirat?rio e quase um quarto dos participantes com FPN, 23,8%, tinham fen?tipo enfisematoso na an?lise tomogr?fica. O grupo com fen?tipo tomogr?fico enfisema-predominante (EP) apresentou os piores resultados de fun??o pulmonar em compara??o com o grupo de fen?tipo n?o-enfisematoso (NEP). Conclus?o: Neste estudo mesmo os fumantes com FPN apresentaram achados tomogr?ficos compat?veis com enfisema, assim como desenvolveram epis?dios de infec??o no trato respirat?rio similares a exacerba??o do DPOC. O fen?tipo EP teve os piores ?ndices de fun??o pulmonar e maior n?mero de epis?dios infecciosos no trato respirat?rio nos ?ltimos 12 meses.

Submitted by Jadson Francisco de Jesus SILVA (jadson@uefs.br) on 2018-01-23T00:22:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o vers?o biblioteca FINAL II Teresa_versao WORD (1) (1).pdf: 2399848 bytes, checksum: a72bd616ac1f702167982548cd4418bb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-23T00:22:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o vers?o biblioteca FINAL II Teresa_versao WORD (1) (1).pdf: 2399848 bytes, checksum: a72bd616ac1f702167982548cd4418bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-29 / Corymbia torelliana (F. Muell.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson (Myrtaceae) is a pollinated species, easy to adapt, high resistance and therapeutic potential. Considering that pollen has demonstrated medicinal potential, this study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and biological activity of the pollen of this species. The material was collected at Bahia Specialty Cellulose / Copener. The chemical composition (phenolic content, total flavonoids and phytochemical screening) was evaluated from the raw ethanolic pollen extract (EEP) and the biological tests of antioxidant activity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazila (DPPH) (Rota rod), analgesic activity (tests of abdominal contortions induced by acetic acid, formalin and hot plate) and anti-inflammatory (carrageenan-induced paw edema test) were analyzed using mice. The presence of terpenes, steroids and phenolic compounds was identified and the EEP presented 116.21 ? 7.80 mgEAG / g of phenolic compounds and 35.81 ? 8.37 mgEQ / g of flavonoids. In the antioxidant activity test, pollen was able to sequester DPPH with EC50 of 60.85 ? 4.70 ?g / mL. As for the acute toxicity, no change was observed in the test used, nor was there any alteration in motor coordination in the Rota rod test. It was verified the presence of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of the EEP in the doses used (75, 150 and 300 mg / kg), and the dose of 75 mg / kg presented the best result. The results indicate an antioxidant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential for the EEP of this species, besides a possible peripheral and central activity. / Corymbia torelliana (F. Muell.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson (Myrtaceae) ? uma esp?cie polin?fera, de f?cil adapta??o, grande resist?ncia e poss?veis potencialidades terap?uticas. Considerando que o p?len tem demonstrado potencial medicinal, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a composi??o qu?mica e atividade biol?gica do p?len dessa esp?cie. A coleta do material foi realizada na empresa Bahia Specialty Cellulose/Copener. A partir do extrato bruto etan?lico do p?len (EEP) foi avaliada a composi??o qu?mica (teor de fen?licos, flavonoides totais e triagem fitoqu?mica) e realizado testes biol?gicos de atividade antioxidante, m?todo 2,2?Difenil?1?picril?hidrazila (DPPH), utilizando camundongos analisou-se toxidade aguda, coordena??o motora (Rota rod), atividade analg?sica (testes das contor??es abdominal induzido pelo ?cido ac?tico, da formalina e da placa quente) e anti-inflamat?ria (teste do edema da pata induzido por carragenina). Foi identificada a presen?a de terpenos, esteroides e compostos fen?licos e o EEP apresentou 116,21?7,80 mgEAG/g de compostos fen?licos e 35,81?8,37 mgEQ/g de flavonoides. No teste de atividade antioxidante o p?len foi capaz de sequestrar o DPPH com CE50 de 60,85?4,70 ?g/mL. Quanto ? toxidade aguda n?o foi observada nenhuma altera??o no teste utilizado, bem como n?o foi verificada altera??es da coordena??o motora no teste do Rota rod. Foi verificada a presen?a de atividade analg?sica e anti-inflamat?ria do EEP nas doses utilizadas (75, 150 e 300 mg/kg), sendo que a dose de 75 mg/kg apresentou o melhor resultado. Os resultados obtidos apontam um potencial antioxidante, analg?sico e anti-inflamat?rio para o EEP dessa esp?cie, al?m de uma poss?vel atividade perif?rica e central.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-11T13:41:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Edlene Ribeiro Prud?ncio.pdf: 1465673 bytes, checksum: 5714fb486b0694f0e6ac0482d5b775a5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-11T13:41:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Edlene Ribeiro Prud?ncio.pdf: 1465673 bytes, checksum: 5714fb486b0694f0e6ac0482d5b775a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-04 / Honey and propolis are produced by bees from the nectar and sap collected from plants. In the process, the phenolic compounds derived from secondary metabolism of plants are incorporated into the products mentioned. Honey and propolis samples from multiple regions have been characterized and phenolic compounds can be divided into: hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, flavonoids and glycosylated flavonoids. In the literature, there is no consensus among the authors about the values for in vitro antioxidant activity. Moreover, these methods do not represent physiological conditions such as concentration of substrates and metabolites interaction. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an alternative tool for a biological assays, since it is similar to mammalian cells. The main goal of this study is to compare the antioxidant potential of different phenolic compounds classes using representatives morin, rutin, chlorogenic acid and syringic acid in control strains (BY4741) and mutant (?sod1 and ?gsh1) of S. cerevisiae. They were evaluated in dose-dependent toxicity, stress tolerance, and lipid peroxidation. All tested phenolic compounds were effective in reducing intracellular oxidative damage, especially the chlorogenic acid in the control strain. When compared to stressed cells, it promoted 75% increase on cell survival rates, compared with 57% on average for the other treatments; and 60% decrease in levels of lipid peroxidation, compared to reductions close to 47% with other treatments. In mutant strains, all compounds presented similar results. Thus, two components of the class hydroxycinnamic acid, caffeic acid and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) were tested comparatively. Both acted as an antioxidant in S. cerevisiae, however CAPE was the most toxic substance promoting the most significant increase on reduced glutathione levels among hydroxycinnamic derivatives. This result supports some related research that claims phenolic compounds protectection is related to activation of the antioxidant system as xenobiotic action of these substances / O mel e a pr?polis s?o produzidos por abelhas, a partir da coleta de n?ctar e seiva das plantas. No processo, os compostos fen?licos oriundos do metabolismo secund?rio dos vegetais s?o incorporados aos produtos mencionados. Amostras de mel e pr?polis de diferentes regi?es foram caracterizadas e o conte?do de compostos fen?licos pode ser dividido em: derivados do ?cido hidroxibenzoico, derivados do ?cido hidroxicin?mico, flavonoides e flavonoides glicosilados. Na literatura, valores de atividade antioxidante in vitro descritos divergem consideravelmente entre os autores. Al?m disso, os m?todos in vitro (DPPH, ABTS, FRAPP, dentre outros) n?o representam condi??es fisiol?gicas como concentra??o de substratos e intera??o de metab?litos. A levedura Saccharomyces cerevisie ? uma ferramenta para ensaio biol?gico, uma vez que apresenta elevada semelhan?a com c?lulas de mam?feros superiores no sistema de defesa antioxidante. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o potencial antioxidante de diferentes classes de compostos fen?licos, utilizando os representantes morina, rutina, ?cido sir?ngico e clorog?nico em cepas controle (BY4741) e mutantes (?sod1 e ?gsh1) de S. cerevisiae. Foram avaliados toxidez dose-dependente, toler?ncia ao estresse e peroxida??o lip?dica. Todos os compostos fen?licos testados foram efetivos em reduzir danos oxidativos intracelulares, com destaque para o ?cido clorog?nico na cepa controle. Quando comparado ?s c?lulas estressadas, este promoveu aumentos de 75% de sobreviv?ncia, contra 57% em m?dia dos demais tratamentos; e diminui??o de 60% em n?veis de peroxida??o lip?dica, contra redu??o pr?xima a 47% dos demais tratamentos. Nas cepas mutantes, todas as subst?ncias tiveram resultados semelhantes entre si. Desta forma, outros dois componentes da classe do ?cido hidroxicin?mico, ?cido cafeico e ?ster fenet?lico do ?cido cafeico (CAPE), foram testados comparativamente. Ambos atuaram como antioxidante em S. cerevisiae, entretanto CAPE foi a subst?ncia mais t?xica e tamb?m a que promoveu aumento mais significativo de glutationa reduzida dentre os derivados hidroxicin?micos. Esse resultado corrobora com dados de estudos que apontam que a atividade protetora dos compostos fen?licos est? relacionada a ativa??o do sistema antioxidante por a??o xenobi?tica dessas subst?ncias

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2015-09-09T23:59:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE - VERS?O FINAL - HILANA SALETE SILVA OLIVEIRA.pdf: 2650992 bytes, checksum: c49b570e274076a6845058a800581217 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-09T23:59:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE - VERS?O FINAL - HILANA SALETE SILVA OLIVEIRA.pdf: 2650992 bytes, checksum: c49b570e274076a6845058a800581217 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / A recurring problem in the chocolate industry is the low quality of cocoa beans, which influences the chocolate aroma. One possibility to contribute to solve this problem is the application of commercial exogenous enzymes on slate. This work proposed detection and sequencing, by mass spectrometry, of the peptides present in slates subjected to treatment with microbial enzyme proposed by Oliveira et al. (2011). Associated to the analysis of peptides was studied the concentration of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity since the reduction of phenolics in cocoa processing steps is known to cause reduction of astringency and bitterness contributing to the formation of important compounds for the chocolate aroma. The results indicate that although the qualitative standard of the hydrophobic amino acids present in the peptides responsible for the mixture of chocolate aroma is more important than the quantitative standard, the presence of the amino acids leucine, alanine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine in appropriate amounts is essential for obtaining desired aroma. The proposed treatment caused a reduction in the phenolics concentration, which is desirable for a chocolate aroma, and in antioxidant activity. In general, the profile peptide, the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of treated slate resembled more good quality almonds suggesting the effectiveness of the proposed treatment. Research the market and trends indicated favorable conditions for diffusion of the proposed treatment in the process industries. / Um problema recorrente na ind?stria de chocolate ? a baixa qualidade das am?ndoas de cacau, o que influencia o aroma do chocolate. Uma forma de contribuir para solucionar este problema ? a aplica??o de enzimas ex?genas comerciais sobre a ard?sia. Esse trabalho prop?s a detec??o e sequencimento, por espectrometria de massas, dos pept?deos presentes em ard?sia submetidas ao tratamento com enzima microbiana proposto por Oliveira et al. (2011). Associado ?s an?lises de pept?deos, foi feito um estudo da concentra??o de fen?licos e atividade antioxidante, uma vez que a redu??o de fen?licos nas etapas de processamento do cacau ? conhecida por causar redu??o da adstring?ncia e amargor, contribuindo para a forma??o de compostos importantes para o aroma de chocolate. Os resultados indicam que embora o padr?o qualitativo dos amino?cidos hidrof?bicos presentes na mistura de pept?deos respons?veis pelo aroma de chocolate seja mais importante que o padr?o quantitativo, a presen?a dos amino?cidos leucina, alanina, fenilalanina e tirosina em propor??es adequadas ? essencial para a obten??o do aroma desejado. O tratamento proposto causou redu??o na concentra??o de fen?licos, o que ? desej?vel para o aroma de chocolate, e na atividade antioxidante. De modo geral, o perfil de pept?deos, o teor de fen?licos e a atividade antioxidante de ard?sia tratada foi muito mais semelhante ao das am?ndoas de boa qualidade sugerindo a efici?ncia do tratamento proposto. Pesquisas de mercado e tend?ncias indicaram condi??es interessantes ? difus?o do tratamento proposto nas ind?strias de processamento.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange (NEE) was measured using the eddy covariance (EC) technique at a wetland tundra-sedge fen near Churchill, Manitoba, Canada during two consecutive growing seasons (2007 and 2008). Mean daily NEE at the fen (DOY 157-254) was -3.5 (± 0.26 S.E.) g CO2 m-2 d-1 in 2007 and -4.6 (± 0.36) g CO2 m-2 d-1 in 2008. The fen was a net carbon dioxide (CO2) sink during both the 2007 and 2008 growing seasons of -343 (± 79) and -450 (± 87) g CO2 m-2, respectively. Mean air temperature during the summer (June 1-August 31) was about 1°C greater than the historical average (1971-2000) in 2007 and about 2°C greater in 2008. Growing season precipitation was 107.5 mm below normal in 2007 and 359.5 mm above normal in 2008. These data suggest that if future climate change brings warmer temperatures and near-to-above average precipitation maintaining the water table near the surface, similar subarctic ecosystems will experience increased gross ecosystem productivity enhancing CO2 sequestration during the growing season.

Net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange (NEE) was measured using the eddy covariance (EC) technique at a wetland tundra-sedge fen near Churchill, Manitoba, Canada during two consecutive growing seasons (2007 and 2008). Mean daily NEE at the fen (DOY 157-254) was -3.5 (± 0.26 S.E.) g CO2 m-2 d-1 in 2007 and -4.6 (± 0.36) g CO2 m-2 d-1 in 2008. The fen was a net carbon dioxide (CO2) sink during both the 2007 and 2008 growing seasons of -343 (± 79) and -450 (± 87) g CO2 m-2, respectively. Mean air temperature during the summer (June 1-August 31) was about 1°C greater than the historical average (1971-2000) in 2007 and about 2°C greater in 2008. Growing season precipitation was 107.5 mm below normal in 2007 and 359.5 mm above normal in 2008. These data suggest that if future climate change brings warmer temperatures and near-to-above average precipitation maintaining the water table near the surface, similar subarctic ecosystems will experience increased gross ecosystem productivity enhancing CO2 sequestration during the growing season.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-12-12T18:27:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EnioRafaelDeMedeirosSantos_TESE.pdf: 2342949 bytes, checksum: 3af05779dbf2fc774f0fc56044099d59 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-12-13T20:32:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 EnioRafaelDeMedeirosSantos_TESE.pdf: 2342949 bytes, checksum: 3af05779dbf2fc774f0fc56044099d59 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-13T20:32:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EnioRafaelDeMedeirosSantos_TESE.pdf: 2342949 bytes, checksum: 3af05779dbf2fc774f0fc56044099d59 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Pesquisas apresentam o excesso de radicais livres como um dos respons?veis por diversas doen?as degenerativas e pelo envelhecimento. Nesse contexto, desponta a utiliza??o de compostos fen?licos naturais por apresentarem ?tima atividade antioxidante e por inibirem a forma??o desses radicais. Em meio aos estudos acerca desses compostos, os antioxidantes: cis e trans-resveratrol, cis e trans-piceid e emodina ganham destaque no meio cient?fico. Trabalhos cient?ficos comprovam a presen?a desses compostos fen?licos na herb?cea ?Azedinha? (Rumex acetosa), logo, os extratos de suas ra?zes v?m sendo cada vez mais utilizadas em aplica??es farmacol?gicas. A partir disso, este trabalho teve por objetivo central a obten??o de extratos dessas ra?zes utilizando t?cnicas de extra??o com fluido supercr?tico (SFE), extra??o com l?quidos pressurizados (PLEs), extra??o com utiliza??o de micro-ondas (MAE), extra??o com solvente a baixa press?o (LPSE) e a extra??o Soxhlet. Na SFE, foi avaliado o efeito das vari?veis de processo (temperatura, vaz?o, press?o e concentra??o de cossolvente) sobre a cin?tica da extra??o, rendimento e solubilidade do extrato. Nas PLEs, tanto foram avaliadas a temperatura e a press?o, como a influ?ncia dos diferentes solventes (?gua, etanol, hexano, tolueno, acetonitrila e isopropanol) e seu uso sequenciado como PLE sequenciada. As curvas obtidas nas SFEs e PLEs foram ajustadas segundo os modelos: Mart?nez, Crank e Sovov? e seus desvios m?dios calculados. Na extra??o Soxhlet foi avaliado o uso de quatro solventes (etanol, acetonitrila, isopropanol e ?lcool terc-but?lico), enquanto que na extra??o LPSE e MAE foi utilizado o etanol como solvente. Tamb?m foi testada a utiliza??o da precipita??o por anti-solvente supercr?tico (SAS) como forma de secagem. O teor de fen?licos totais, a capacidade antioxidante dos extratos e os principais componentes do extrato foram determinados. Os rendimentos obtidos em todas as t?cnicas variaram de 0,2 a 8,7%, sendo o melhor resultado obtido na extra??o PLE com etanol. A SFE apresentou o extrato com maior concentra??o de emodina (42,8 mg/g). A concentra??o de trans-resveratrol em todos os extratos variou entre 1,0 e 5,7 mg/g, a depender da t?cnica utilizada. A atividade antioxidante e os compostos fen?licos totais resultaram em valores compreendidos entre 3,4 e 163,4 ?g/mL e 27,6 e 157,0 mg EAG/ge, respectivamente, a depender da t?cnica utilizada. A MAE obteve extratos com 130,6 mg EAG/ge, e 3,4 ?g/mL em 30 minutos de opera??o. As extra??es com fluidos pressurizados (PLEs e SFEs) demonstraram ?timos resultados, principalmente quanto ? extra??o sequencial, na qual foi poss?vel a separa??o de trans-resveratrol e emodina. / Research presents the excess of free radicals as one responsible for various degenerative diseases and aging. In this context, the use of natural phenolic compounds appears to have excellent antioxidant activity and to inhibit the formation of these radicals. In the middle of studies about these compounds, the antioxidants: cis and trans-resveratrol, cis and trans-piceid and emodin are prominent in the scientific world. Scientific works prove the presence of these phenolic compounds in the herbaceous "Azedinha" (Rumex acetosa), so extracts from their roots have been increasingly used in pharmacological applications. From this, the main objective of this work was to extract extracts of these roots using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), pressurized fluid extraction (PLEs), microwave extraction (MAE), solvent extraction low pressure (LPSE) and Soxhlet extraction. In SFE, the effect of the process variables (temperature, flow, pressure and cosolvents concentration) on the kinetics of extraction, yield and solubility of the extract was evaluated. In the PLEs, both temperature and pressure and the influence of the different solvents (water, ethanol, hexane, toluene, acetonitrile and isopropanol) were evaluated and their use sequenced as PLE. The curves obtained in the SFEs and PLEs were adjusted according to the models: Mart?nez, Crank and Sovov? and their calculated mean deviations. In the Soxhlet extraction, the use of four solvents (ethanol, acetonitrile, isopropanol and tert-butyl alcohol) was evaluated, while in the LPSE and MAE extraction ethanol was used as the solvent. The use of supercritical anti-solvent (SAS) precipitation as a drying method was also tested. The total phenolic content, the antioxidant capacity of the extracts and the main components of the extract were determined. The yields obtained in all the techniques varied from 0.2 to 8.7%, being the best result obtained in the PLE extraction with ethanol. SFE presented the extract with the highest concentration of emodin (42.8 mg/g). The concentration of trans-resveratrol in all extracts ranged from 1.0 to 5.7 mg/g, depending on the technique used. The antioxidant activity and the total phenolic compounds resulted in values between 3.4 and 163.4 ?g/mL and 27.6 and 157.0 mg EAG/g, respectively, depending on the technique used. MAE obtained extracts with 130.6 mg EAG/g and 3.4 ?g/mL in 30 minutes of operation. Extractions with pressurized fluids (PLEs and SFEs) showed excellent results, mainly regarding sequential extraction, in which the separation of trans-resveratrol and emodin was possible.