Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-11T13:41:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Edlene Ribeiro Prud?ncio.pdf: 1465673 bytes, checksum: 5714fb486b0694f0e6ac0482d5b775a5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-11T13:41:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Edlene Ribeiro Prud?ncio.pdf: 1465673 bytes, checksum: 5714fb486b0694f0e6ac0482d5b775a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-04 / Honey and propolis are produced by bees from the nectar and sap collected from plants. In the process, the phenolic compounds derived from secondary metabolism of plants are incorporated into the products mentioned. Honey and propolis samples from multiple regions have been characterized and phenolic compounds can be divided into: hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, flavonoids and glycosylated flavonoids. In the literature, there is no consensus among the authors about the values for in vitro antioxidant activity. Moreover, these methods do not represent physiological conditions such as concentration of substrates and metabolites interaction. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an alternative tool for a biological assays, since it is similar to mammalian cells. The main goal of this study is to compare the antioxidant potential of different phenolic compounds classes using representatives morin, rutin, chlorogenic acid and syringic acid in control strains (BY4741) and mutant (?sod1 and ?gsh1) of S. cerevisiae. They were evaluated in dose-dependent toxicity, stress tolerance, and lipid peroxidation. All tested phenolic compounds were effective in reducing intracellular oxidative damage, especially the chlorogenic acid in the control strain. When compared to stressed cells, it promoted 75% increase on cell survival rates, compared with 57% on average for the other treatments; and 60% decrease in levels of lipid peroxidation, compared to reductions close to 47% with other treatments. In mutant strains, all compounds presented similar results. Thus, two components of the class hydroxycinnamic acid, caffeic acid and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) were tested comparatively. Both acted as an antioxidant in S. cerevisiae, however CAPE was the most toxic substance promoting the most significant increase on reduced glutathione levels among hydroxycinnamic derivatives. This result supports some related research that claims phenolic compounds protectection is related to activation of the antioxidant system as xenobiotic action of these substances / O mel e a pr?polis s?o produzidos por abelhas, a partir da coleta de n?ctar e seiva das plantas. No processo, os compostos fen?licos oriundos do metabolismo secund?rio dos vegetais s?o incorporados aos produtos mencionados. Amostras de mel e pr?polis de diferentes regi?es foram caracterizadas e o conte?do de compostos fen?licos pode ser dividido em: derivados do ?cido hidroxibenzoico, derivados do ?cido hidroxicin?mico, flavonoides e flavonoides glicosilados. Na literatura, valores de atividade antioxidante in vitro descritos divergem consideravelmente entre os autores. Al?m disso, os m?todos in vitro (DPPH, ABTS, FRAPP, dentre outros) n?o representam condi??es fisiol?gicas como concentra??o de substratos e intera??o de metab?litos. A levedura Saccharomyces cerevisie ? uma ferramenta para ensaio biol?gico, uma vez que apresenta elevada semelhan?a com c?lulas de mam?feros superiores no sistema de defesa antioxidante. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o potencial antioxidante de diferentes classes de compostos fen?licos, utilizando os representantes morina, rutina, ?cido sir?ngico e clorog?nico em cepas controle (BY4741) e mutantes (?sod1 e ?gsh1) de S. cerevisiae. Foram avaliados toxidez dose-dependente, toler?ncia ao estresse e peroxida??o lip?dica. Todos os compostos fen?licos testados foram efetivos em reduzir danos oxidativos intracelulares, com destaque para o ?cido clorog?nico na cepa controle. Quando comparado ?s c?lulas estressadas, este promoveu aumentos de 75% de sobreviv?ncia, contra 57% em m?dia dos demais tratamentos; e diminui??o de 60% em n?veis de peroxida??o lip?dica, contra redu??o pr?xima a 47% dos demais tratamentos. Nas cepas mutantes, todas as subst?ncias tiveram resultados semelhantes entre si. Desta forma, outros dois componentes da classe do ?cido hidroxicin?mico, ?cido cafeico e ?ster fenet?lico do ?cido cafeico (CAPE), foram testados comparativamente. Ambos atuaram como antioxidante em S. cerevisiae, entretanto CAPE foi a subst?ncia mais t?xica e tamb?m a que promoveu aumento mais significativo de glutationa reduzida dentre os derivados hidroxicin?micos. Esse resultado corrobora com dados de estudos que apontam que a atividade protetora dos compostos fen?licos est? relacionada a ativa??o do sistema antioxidante por a??o xenobi?tica dessas subst?ncias

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2015-09-09T23:59:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE - VERS?O FINAL - HILANA SALETE SILVA OLIVEIRA.pdf: 2650992 bytes, checksum: c49b570e274076a6845058a800581217 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-09T23:59:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE - VERS?O FINAL - HILANA SALETE SILVA OLIVEIRA.pdf: 2650992 bytes, checksum: c49b570e274076a6845058a800581217 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / A recurring problem in the chocolate industry is the low quality of cocoa beans, which influences the chocolate aroma. One possibility to contribute to solve this problem is the application of commercial exogenous enzymes on slate. This work proposed detection and sequencing, by mass spectrometry, of the peptides present in slates subjected to treatment with microbial enzyme proposed by Oliveira et al. (2011). Associated to the analysis of peptides was studied the concentration of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity since the reduction of phenolics in cocoa processing steps is known to cause reduction of astringency and bitterness contributing to the formation of important compounds for the chocolate aroma. The results indicate that although the qualitative standard of the hydrophobic amino acids present in the peptides responsible for the mixture of chocolate aroma is more important than the quantitative standard, the presence of the amino acids leucine, alanine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine in appropriate amounts is essential for obtaining desired aroma. The proposed treatment caused a reduction in the phenolics concentration, which is desirable for a chocolate aroma, and in antioxidant activity. In general, the profile peptide, the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of treated slate resembled more good quality almonds suggesting the effectiveness of the proposed treatment. Research the market and trends indicated favorable conditions for diffusion of the proposed treatment in the process industries. / Um problema recorrente na ind?stria de chocolate ? a baixa qualidade das am?ndoas de cacau, o que influencia o aroma do chocolate. Uma forma de contribuir para solucionar este problema ? a aplica??o de enzimas ex?genas comerciais sobre a ard?sia. Esse trabalho prop?s a detec??o e sequencimento, por espectrometria de massas, dos pept?deos presentes em ard?sia submetidas ao tratamento com enzima microbiana proposto por Oliveira et al. (2011). Associado ?s an?lises de pept?deos, foi feito um estudo da concentra??o de fen?licos e atividade antioxidante, uma vez que a redu??o de fen?licos nas etapas de processamento do cacau ? conhecida por causar redu??o da adstring?ncia e amargor, contribuindo para a forma??o de compostos importantes para o aroma de chocolate. Os resultados indicam que embora o padr?o qualitativo dos amino?cidos hidrof?bicos presentes na mistura de pept?deos respons?veis pelo aroma de chocolate seja mais importante que o padr?o quantitativo, a presen?a dos amino?cidos leucina, alanina, fenilalanina e tirosina em propor??es adequadas ? essencial para a obten??o do aroma desejado. O tratamento proposto causou redu??o na concentra??o de fen?licos, o que ? desej?vel para o aroma de chocolate, e na atividade antioxidante. De modo geral, o perfil de pept?deos, o teor de fen?licos e a atividade antioxidante de ard?sia tratada foi muito mais semelhante ao das am?ndoas de boa qualidade sugerindo a efici?ncia do tratamento proposto. Pesquisas de mercado e tend?ncias indicaram condi??es interessantes ? difus?o do tratamento proposto nas ind?strias de processamento.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-12-12T18:27:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EnioRafaelDeMedeirosSantos_TESE.pdf: 2342949 bytes, checksum: 3af05779dbf2fc774f0fc56044099d59 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-12-13T20:32:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 EnioRafaelDeMedeirosSantos_TESE.pdf: 2342949 bytes, checksum: 3af05779dbf2fc774f0fc56044099d59 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-13T20:32:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EnioRafaelDeMedeirosSantos_TESE.pdf: 2342949 bytes, checksum: 3af05779dbf2fc774f0fc56044099d59 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Pesquisas apresentam o excesso de radicais livres como um dos respons?veis por diversas doen?as degenerativas e pelo envelhecimento. Nesse contexto, desponta a utiliza??o de compostos fen?licos naturais por apresentarem ?tima atividade antioxidante e por inibirem a forma??o desses radicais. Em meio aos estudos acerca desses compostos, os antioxidantes: cis e trans-resveratrol, cis e trans-piceid e emodina ganham destaque no meio cient?fico. Trabalhos cient?ficos comprovam a presen?a desses compostos fen?licos na herb?cea ?Azedinha? (Rumex acetosa), logo, os extratos de suas ra?zes v?m sendo cada vez mais utilizadas em aplica??es farmacol?gicas. A partir disso, este trabalho teve por objetivo central a obten??o de extratos dessas ra?zes utilizando t?cnicas de extra??o com fluido supercr?tico (SFE), extra??o com l?quidos pressurizados (PLEs), extra??o com utiliza??o de micro-ondas (MAE), extra??o com solvente a baixa press?o (LPSE) e a extra??o Soxhlet. Na SFE, foi avaliado o efeito das vari?veis de processo (temperatura, vaz?o, press?o e concentra??o de cossolvente) sobre a cin?tica da extra??o, rendimento e solubilidade do extrato. Nas PLEs, tanto foram avaliadas a temperatura e a press?o, como a influ?ncia dos diferentes solventes (?gua, etanol, hexano, tolueno, acetonitrila e isopropanol) e seu uso sequenciado como PLE sequenciada. As curvas obtidas nas SFEs e PLEs foram ajustadas segundo os modelos: Mart?nez, Crank e Sovov? e seus desvios m?dios calculados. Na extra??o Soxhlet foi avaliado o uso de quatro solventes (etanol, acetonitrila, isopropanol e ?lcool terc-but?lico), enquanto que na extra??o LPSE e MAE foi utilizado o etanol como solvente. Tamb?m foi testada a utiliza??o da precipita??o por anti-solvente supercr?tico (SAS) como forma de secagem. O teor de fen?licos totais, a capacidade antioxidante dos extratos e os principais componentes do extrato foram determinados. Os rendimentos obtidos em todas as t?cnicas variaram de 0,2 a 8,7%, sendo o melhor resultado obtido na extra??o PLE com etanol. A SFE apresentou o extrato com maior concentra??o de emodina (42,8 mg/g). A concentra??o de trans-resveratrol em todos os extratos variou entre 1,0 e 5,7 mg/g, a depender da t?cnica utilizada. A atividade antioxidante e os compostos fen?licos totais resultaram em valores compreendidos entre 3,4 e 163,4 ?g/mL e 27,6 e 157,0 mg EAG/ge, respectivamente, a depender da t?cnica utilizada. A MAE obteve extratos com 130,6 mg EAG/ge, e 3,4 ?g/mL em 30 minutos de opera??o. As extra??es com fluidos pressurizados (PLEs e SFEs) demonstraram ?timos resultados, principalmente quanto ? extra??o sequencial, na qual foi poss?vel a separa??o de trans-resveratrol e emodina. / Research presents the excess of free radicals as one responsible for various degenerative diseases and aging. In this context, the use of natural phenolic compounds appears to have excellent antioxidant activity and to inhibit the formation of these radicals. In the middle of studies about these compounds, the antioxidants: cis and trans-resveratrol, cis and trans-piceid and emodin are prominent in the scientific world. Scientific works prove the presence of these phenolic compounds in the herbaceous "Azedinha" (Rumex acetosa), so extracts from their roots have been increasingly used in pharmacological applications. From this, the main objective of this work was to extract extracts of these roots using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), pressurized fluid extraction (PLEs), microwave extraction (MAE), solvent extraction low pressure (LPSE) and Soxhlet extraction. In SFE, the effect of the process variables (temperature, flow, pressure and cosolvents concentration) on the kinetics of extraction, yield and solubility of the extract was evaluated. In the PLEs, both temperature and pressure and the influence of the different solvents (water, ethanol, hexane, toluene, acetonitrile and isopropanol) were evaluated and their use sequenced as PLE. The curves obtained in the SFEs and PLEs were adjusted according to the models: Mart?nez, Crank and Sovov? and their calculated mean deviations. In the Soxhlet extraction, the use of four solvents (ethanol, acetonitrile, isopropanol and tert-butyl alcohol) was evaluated, while in the LPSE and MAE extraction ethanol was used as the solvent. The use of supercritical anti-solvent (SAS) precipitation as a drying method was also tested. The total phenolic content, the antioxidant capacity of the extracts and the main components of the extract were determined. The yields obtained in all the techniques varied from 0.2 to 8.7%, being the best result obtained in the PLE extraction with ethanol. SFE presented the extract with the highest concentration of emodin (42.8 mg/g). The concentration of trans-resveratrol in all extracts ranged from 1.0 to 5.7 mg/g, depending on the technique used. The antioxidant activity and the total phenolic compounds resulted in values between 3.4 and 163.4 ?g/mL and 27.6 and 157.0 mg EAG/g, respectively, depending on the technique used. MAE obtained extracts with 130.6 mg EAG/g and 3.4 ?g/mL in 30 minutes of operation. Extractions with pressurized fluids (PLEs and SFEs) showed excellent results, mainly regarding sequential extraction, in which the separation of trans-resveratrol and emodin was possible.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-19T13:34:46Z No. of bitstreams: 5 vin.pdf: 2622756 bytes, checksum: 227e0c0c8c2f323aee0f3cf8565b6072 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-20T11:16:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 vin.pdf: 2622756 bytes, checksum: 227e0c0c8c2f323aee0f3cf8565b6072 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-20T11:16:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 vin.pdf: 2622756 bytes, checksum: 227e0c0c8c2f323aee0f3cf8565b6072 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2110 bytes, checksum: b4c884761e4c6c296ab2179d378436d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-20 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes) / Esp?cies do g?nero Byrsonima s?o conhecidas popularmente como ?muricis? e h? relatos na literatura de muitos usos medicinais dessas plantas, alguns deles j? comprovados, como atividade anti-inflamat?ria, antimicrobiana e antioxidante. Este trabalho objetivou analisar fitoquimicamente a esp?cie Byrsonima coccolobifolia Kunth e fazer um estudo de atividade biol?gica nos extratos de B. coccolobifolia, B. verbascifolia e B. intermedia, investigando a atividade antioxidante, a a??o inibit?ria da acetilcolinesterase e atividade antimicrobiana nessas esp?cies. As partes a?reas das plantas foram coletadas no Vale do Jequitinhonha-MG e secas a temperatura ambiente. Folhas e galhos foram separados, pulverizados e submetidos ? extra??o exaustiva com solventes de polaridade crescente (hexano, acetato de etila e metanol), que foram removidos por evaporador rotat?rio. Os extratos em hexano e em acetato de etila de B. coccolobifolia foram submetidos a m?todos cromatogr?ficos cl?ssicos e, atrav?s de t?cnicas espectrosc?picas (IV e RMN de 1H e 13C), foi poss?vel elucidar nos extratos das folhas as seguintes subst?ncias: friedelina, ?-sitosterol, mistura de ?-amirina e ?-amirina e derivados do ?cido olean?lico e urs?lico. Na identifica??o dos compostos presentes no extrato metan?lico de folhas e galhos de B. coccolobifolia, utilizou-se a t?cnica de espectrometria de massas por electrospray (ESI-MS), por inser??o direta dos extratos dissolvidos em metanol. Identificaram-se tr?s classes de metab?litos no extrato metan?lico: ?cidos fen?licos e derivados (galato de metila, ?cido qu?nico, ?cidos mono-, di-, tri- e tetragaloilqu?nico), proantocianidinas (d?mero e tr?mero epicatequina) e flavon?ides (quercetina e derivados glicosilados). As esp?cies B. coccolobifolia e B. intermedia apresentaram os melhores resultados para conte?do fen?lico e para atividade antioxidante de captura de radical e de poder redutor. Isso mostrou o potencial dos extratos polares dessas plantas como recurso para a busca de subst?ncias ?teis na preven??o ou no tratamento de doen?as associadas a radicais livres. No que diz respeito ? atividade inibit?ria da acetilcolinesterase (AChE), tamb?m investigada nas tr?s esp?cies de Byrsonima, o extrato hex?nico dessas plantas apresentou maior quantidade de compostos ativos frente a enzima AChE. E somente a esp?cie B. coccolobifolia apresentou atividade contra os microrganismos testados (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli e Candida albicans). Sendo assim, o presente trabalho mostrou a import?ncia de continuar estudando a flora do cerrado brasileiro e as esp?cies do g?nero Byrsonima, sejam seus aspectos qu?micos ou medicinais. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2011. / ABSTRACT Byrsonima species are popularly known as "murici" and there are reports in previous work of many medicinal uses of these plants, some of them already confirmed as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The aim of this study was to analyze phytochemically Byrsonima coccolobifolia Kunth and to make a study of biological activity in extracts of B. coccolobifolia, B. verbascifolia and B. intermedia, investigating the antioxidant activity, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory action and antimicrobial activity in these species. The aerial parts of plants were collected in Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and dried at room temperature. Leaves and branches were separated, powdered and subjected to exhaustive extraction with solvents of increasing polarity (hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol), that were removed by rotary evaporator. The extracts in hexane and ethyl acetate of B. coccolobifolia were submitted at classical chromatographic methods and, by spectroscopic methods (IR and 1H and 13C NMR), it was possible to elucidate the following substances in leaves extracts: friedelin, ?-sitosterol, a mixture of ?-amyrin and ?-amyrin and oleanolic and ursolic acid derivatives. In the identification of compounds in methanol extracts of leaves and branches of B. coccolobifolia was used mass spectrometry with electrospray (ESI-MS) by direct infusion of the extracts dissolved in methanol. Three classes of metabolites were identified in methanol extracts: phenolic acids and derivatives (methyl gallate, quinic acid, mono-, di-, tri- and tetragalloylquinic acids), proanthocyanidins (epicatechin dimer and trimer) and flavonoids (quercetin and glycosides derivatives). The species B. coccolobifolia and B. intermedia showed better results for phenolic content and antioxidant activity of radical scavenging and reducing power. This showed the potential of polar extracts of these plants as a resource to search for substances useful in preventing or treating diseases associated with free radicals. Concerning the inhibitory activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), also investigated in three Byrsonima species, hexane extract of these plants had higher amounts of active compounds against AChE. And only B. coccolobifolia revealed activity against the microorganisms tested (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans). Thus, this investigation supported the importance of further studying the flora of Brazilian cerrado and the species of the genus Byrsonima, in their chemical or medicinal aspects.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KatiaRS.pdf: 807301 bytes, checksum: 2152eca6964abf006ea9b40c29849d1f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-12-16 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / At the cashew nut processing industry it is often the generation of wastewaters containing high content of toxic organic compounds. The presence of these compounds is due mainly to the so called liquid of the cashew nut (CNSL). CNSL, as it is commercially known in Brazil, is the liquid of the cashew nut. It looks like an oil with dark brown color, viscous and presents a high toxicity index due to the chemical composition, i.e. phenol compounds, such as anacardic acid, cardol, 2-methyl cardol and monophenol (cardanol). These compounds are bio resistant to the conventional treatments. Furthermore, the corresponding wastewaters present high content of TOC (total organic carbon). Therefore due to the high degree of toxicity it is very important to study and develop treatments of these wastewaters before discharge to the environmental. This research aims to decompose these compounds using advanced oxidative processes (AOP) based on the photo-Fenton system. The advantage of this system is the fast and non-selective oxidation promoted by the hydroxyl radicals (●OH), that is under determined conditions can totally convert the organic pollutants to CO2 and H2O. In order to evaluate the decomposition of the organic charge system samples of the real wastewater od a processing cashew nut industry were taken. This industry was located at the country of the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The experiments were carried out with a photochemical annular reactor equipped with UV (ultra violet) lamp. Based on preliminary experiments, a Doehlert experimental design was defined to optimize the concentrations of H2O2 and Fe(II) with a total of 13 runs. The experimental conditions were set to pH equal to 3 and temperature of 30?C. The power of the lamps applied was 80W, 125W and 250W. To evaluate the decomposition rate measures of the TOC were accomplished during 4 hours of experiment. According to the results, the organic removal obtained in terms of TOC was 80% minimum and 95% maximum. Furthermore, it was gotten a minimum time of 49 minutes for the removal of 30% of the initial TOC. Based on the obtained experimental results, the photo-Fenton system presents a very satisfactory performance as a complementary treatment of the wastewater studied / Na ind?stria de beneficiamento de castanha de caju ? bastante freq?ente a produ??o de efluentes com altas concentra??es de compostos org?nicos de origem t?xica. A presen?a desses compostos se deve ao LCC contido nas ?guas residu?rias. O LCC ? conhecido comercialmente como l?quido da castanha de caju e tem a apar?ncia de um ?leo de cor marrom escura e viscosa. A toxicidade desse efluente, deve-se ? sua composi??o qu?mica formada por compostos fen?licos, tais como, ?cido anac?rdico, derivados do resorcinol (cardol e 2-metil cardol) e um monofenol (cardanol), entre outros, resistentes aos tratamentos convencionais. Estes efluentes apresentam, invariavelmente, elevados valores de carbono org?nico total (COT). Devido ao grau de toxicidade, ? de grande import?ncia o tratamento desses efluentes antes da sua descarga no meio ambiente. O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar a ocorr?ncia da degrada??o de COT utilizando o processo oxidativo avan?ado (POA) baseado no sistema foto-Fenton. A vantagem deste sistema ? a oxida??o r?pida e n?o seletiva promovida pelo radical hidroxila (●OH), que sob certas condi??es podem promover a convers?o total dos poluentes org?nicos a CO2 e H2O. Para a avalia??o da degrada??o foi utilizado amostras do efluente aquoso bruto (n?o tratado) de uma ind?stria de beneficiamento de castanha de caju localizada no interior do RN. Os experimentos foram realizados em um reator fotoqu?mico anular de fluxo ascendente, cuja concentra??o de Fe(II) e H2O2 foi baseado em testes preliminares e atrav?s do planejamento experimental Doehlert. As condi??es iniciais dos experimentos foram: ajuste do pH inicial para 3,0, temperatura do sistema foi mantida constante a 30?C e as pot?ncias das l?mpadas usadas foram de 80W, 125W e 250W. Todos os experimentos foram realizados em 4h. Os crit?rios para se avaliar a efici?ncia do sistema foram: a ocorr?ncia da degrada??o atrav?s do valor de COT, colora??o final do efluente ap?s tratamento. De acordo com esses crit?rios foram obtidos os seguintes resultados: a porcentagem de remo??o de COT m?nima 80% e m?xima 95%, tempo m?nimo de irradia??o necess?rio para remo??o 30% do COT inicial foi 49 minutos. Pelos resultados experimentais obtidos, foi conferido um bom desempenho do sistema foto-Fenton como tratamento complementar na remo??o de COT presente nas ?guas residu?rias da ind?stria de beneficiamento de castanha de caju

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-07-27T13:08:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Queli Cristina Fidelis.pdf: 8250271 bytes, checksum: f51d246c251bca4327f02da1e892ff77 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:08:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Queli Cristina Fidelis.pdf: 8250271 bytes, checksum: f51d246c251bca4327f02da1e892ff77 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-25 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico, CNPq, Brasil. / This work describes the phytochemical study of the stems and leaves of Ouratea ferruginea Engl., Ochnaceae. The material for study was collected in the campus of Embrapa in Bel?m, Par? state, and identified by Dra Silvane Taveres Rodrigues. The compounds described in this phytochemistry investigation were isolated by the solvents partition and chromatographyc techniques of the extracts obtained by maceration at room temperature with hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The structures were determined through analysis of data provided by IR, 1H and 13C NMR (1D an 2D techniques), mass spectrometry including GCMS and HPLC-MS of natural compounds and some derivatives. From the stem dichloromethane extract friedelin, friedelinol, sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, 3-b-O-Dglucopyranosyl- stigmasterol, 2,6-dimethoxy?benzoquinine, 2,6-dimethoxy-hydroquinone, the isoflavones: 5,4'-dihydroxy-7,3',5'-trimethoxy-isoflavone, 5-hydroxy-7,3',4',5'-tetramethoxyisoflavone, 5,4'-dihydroxy-7,3'-dimethoxy-isoflavone, 7,5-dihydroxy-3',4',5'-trimethoxyisoflavone, 7,5,4?-trihydroxy-3?,5?-dimethoxy-isoflavone, and ferulic and syringic aldehyde were isolated. From the dichloromethane partition of the methanol extract of the stem vanillic acid, 4 ((1E)-3-hydroxy-1-propenyl)-2-methoxyphenol and 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxydihydrocinamaldehyde were isolated. From hexane fraction of methanol extract from the leaves lupeone was isolated, and from the dichloromethane methanol partition were identified the biflavonoids amentoflavone and 7-methyl-amentoflavone, known as sequoiaflavone, along with syringic acid. From the ethyl acetate of the methanol extracts partition the epicatechin which absolute configuration was defined by circular dichroism spectral analysis was isolated. The sequioflanove is been identified in Ochnaceae for the first time. From the polar fraction the total phenol were determined by adapted Folin-Denis and precipitation with casein methods and by NMR spectral analysis. / Este trabalho descreve o estudo fitoqu?mico de caule e folhas da esp?cie vegetal Ouratea ferruginea Engl, Ochnaceae. O material para estudo foi coletado no campus da Embrapa em Bel?m do Par? e identificado pela Dra Silvane Tavares Rodrigues. As subst?ncias descritas nesta investiga??o fitoqu?mica foram isoladas atrav?s de parti??o com solventes e t?cnicas cromatogr?ficos de extratos obtidos atrav?s de macera??o a frio com hexano, acetato de etila e metanol. As estruturas foram determinadas atrav?s da an?lise de dados fornecidos por espectrometria na regi?o do infravermelho, RMN 1H e 13C (t?cnicas 1D e 2D), de massas incluindo CG-EM e CLAE-EM das subst?ncias naturais e de alguns derivados. Do extrato em diclorometano do caule foram isolados friedelina, friedelinol, sitosterol, estigmasterol, campesterol, 3-b-O-D-glicopiranosil-estigmasterol, 2,6-dimetoxi benzoquinona, 2,6-dimetoxi hidroquinona, as isoflavonas 5,4?-diidroxi-7,3?,5?-trimetoxiisoflavona, 5,4?-diidroxi-7,3?-dimetoxi-isoflavona, 5-hidroxi-7,3?,4?,5?-tetrametoxiisoflavona, 7,5-diidroxi-3?,4?,5?-trimetoxi-isoflavona, 7,5,4?-triidroxi-3?,5?-dimetoxiisoflavona, al?m dos alde?dos sir?ngico e fer?lico. Da parti??o em diclorometano do extrato metan?lico do caule foram isolados ?cido van?lico, 4((1E)-3-hidroxi-1-propenil)-2- metoxifenol e 3,5-dimetoxi-4-hidroxi-diidrocinamalde?do. Das folhas foi isolada a lupeona na parti??o em hexano do extrato metan?lico; e na parti??o em diclorometano foram identificados os biflavon?ides amentoflavona e 7-metil-amentoflavona, conhecida como sequoiaflavona, e o ?cido sir?ngico. Na parti??o em acetato de etila foi isolado a epicatequina cuja configura??o absoluta foi definida com an?lise do espectro de dicro?smo circular. A sequioflavona est? sendo registrada pela primeira vez em Ochnaceae. Das fra??es polares foram determinados o teor de fen?is totais e taninos por m?todos de Folin-Denis e precipita??o com case?na, adaptados, al?m de an?lise com espectros de RMN.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:16:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BarbaraC_DISSERT.pdf: 9281822 bytes, checksum: 18141307d7e5a4c2b984a98c9fdf7225 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-11 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Spondias mombin is a fruitful species dispersed in tropical regions of America, Africa and Asia. In Brazil, the species can be found mainly in the northern and northeastern regions. Scarce chemical and pharmacological studies have been reported for S. mombin and until this moment studies about chemical markers were not developed. In this context, the aims of this study were to characterize the chemical markers from S. mombin leaves and evaluate their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiproliferative potentials. The chemical profile of the hydroethanolic extract from S. mombin leaves analyzed by HPLC-DAD, through a validated method, allowed the identification and quantification of ellagic acid and chlorogenic acid. This extract showed anti-inflammatory potential in acute peritonitis model induced by carrageenan. The hydroethanolic extract from S. mombin leaves was subjected to a liquid-liquid partition with the solvents: n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. Regarding the anti-inflammatory potential of the fractions obtained they were active; however, ethyl acetate fraction at 200 mg/kg showed highlighted results. The compounds ellagic acid and chlorogenic acid also inhibited the leukocyte migration to the site of inflammation at 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg. The hydroethanolic extract, fractions and the chemical markers showed significant antioxidant potential when evaluated in different assays: DPPH Free-Radical Scavenging, Superoxide Radical Scavenging, Hydroxyl Radicals Scavenging and Reducing Power. Taken together our results showed that hydroethanolic extract of S. mombin leaves has ellagic acid and chlorogenic acid as bioactive markers and it demonstrated antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties besides no cytotoxicity against 3T3 cells. It enables us to suggest S. mombin as an important species to develop herbal drugs / S. mombin ? uma esp?cie frut?fera que se encontra dispersa em regi?es tropicais da Am?rica, ?frica e ?sia. No Brasil a esp?cie pode ser encontrada em v?rios estados tendo maior preval?ncia nas regi?es norte e nordeste do pa?s. Foram descritos poucos estudos qu?micos e farmacol?gicos para a esp?cie S. mombin e at? o momento n?o foram analisados os marcadores qu?micos da esp?cie. Diante desse contexto, este trabalho buscou caracterizar os marcadores qu?micos para as folhas e frutos de S. mombin e avaliar a atividade anti-inflamat?ria, antioxidante, antiproliferativa e antimicrobiana. O extrato das folhas (EHfl) secas e dos frutos (EHfr) in natura foram preparados por macera??o em meio hidroalco?lico. Para a caracteriza??o dos compostos ativos da esp?cie S. mombin, os extratos hidroetan?licos foram submetidos ? parti??o l?quido-l?quido com solventes de polaridade crescente n- hexano (Hex), diclorometano (Dcm), acetato de etila (AcOEt) e n-butanol (ButOH). A avalia??o do perfil qu?mico das folhas por CCD e CLAE mostrou que a esp?cie ? rica em compostos fen?licos. Na an?lise por CCD foi observada a presen?a de quercetina, ?cido el?gico e canferol. A an?lise por CLAE permitiu a identifica??o e a quantifica??o de ?cido el?gico e ?cido clorog?nico no EHfl. A metodologia anal?tica foi validada segundo os par?metros estabelecidos pela RDC 899/ 2003 e pela ICH. Na an?lise qualitativa por CLAE do EHfr foram identificados o ?cido clorog?nico e a rutina. Os resultados da avalia??o da atividade antiinflamat?ria mostraram que o EHfl das folhas, nas doses de 100, 200, 300 e 500 mg/kg, apresentou efeito de inibi??o da migra??o de leuc?citos no modelo de peritonite aguda induzida por carragenina. Todas as fra??es foram ativas, no entanto, a fra??o AcOEt na dose de 200 mg/kg apresentou melhor atividade em rela??o ?s outras fra??es testadas.O EHfl e a fra??o AcOEt apresentaram importante perfil de inibi??o bacteriana no teste de difus?o em disco, principalmente frente ? bact?ria S. flexneri. O EHfl e as fra??es (Dcm, AcOEt, ButOH) das folhas assim como o EHfr apresentaram importante atividade antioxidante nos ensaios de DPPH, sequestro de radicais super?xidos, sequestro de radicais hidroxilas e poder redutor. No que se refere ? avalia??o da citotoxicidade do EHfl, das respectivas fra??es e do EHfr frente ? cultura de c?lulas de fibroblastos 3T3 n?o foi observada citotoxidade significativa. Os resultados mostraram que o EHfl possui atividade antiinflamat?ria, antioxidante e antimicrobiana. Verificou-se que o ?cido clorog?nico e o ?cido el?gico podem ser usados como marcadores biativos das folhas de S. mombin. O EHfr apresentou atividade antioxidante e foi observada a presen?a de ?cido clorog?nico e rutina. Al?m disso, n?o foi observada atividade citot?xica para o EHfr e para o EHfl

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:16:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseBMM_DISSERT.pdf: 5276873 bytes, checksum: e3c7ddb1b1ea1270e9fd36dbd6f43da7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-31 / Licania rigida Benth., Licania tomentosa (Benth.) Fritsch, and Couepia impressa Prance (Chrysobalanaceae family) plants have long been used medicinally by the people from Northeastern Brazil. Crude extracts and infusions of these plants have been applied in the treatment of several conditions such as diabetes and rheumatism, degenerative diseases with involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the aqueous, ethanolic, and hydroethanolic leaves extracts antioxidant capacity of these species, using several in vitro assay systems (reducing power, DPPH? scavenging, the ?-carotene linoleate model system and lipid peroxidation inhibition in rat brain homogenate, using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances - TBARS). The oral acute toxicity of aqueous extracts was also evaluated in vivo. Results revealed that these extracts possess a potent reducing power and DPPH scavenging ability, as well as the ability to prevent TBARS formation in rat brain homogenate in a concentration-dependent manner. Regarding in vivo oral acute toxicity of the aqueous species extracts, no toxic effects were observed upon evaluating physiological, hematological and biochemical parameters. The presence of high levels of phenolics and flavonoids was determined mainly in the ethanol extract. However, the C. impressa hydroethanolic extract, fractionated with hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate for analysis by NMR 1H, showed more efficient results than the reference antioxidant Carduus marianus. The classes of organics compounds were determined were phenolics in the fraction of ethyl acetate and terpenes in chloroform and hexane fractions. The ethil acetate fraction had the highest content of flavonoids and increased scavenging capacity of DPPH?, possibly by the presence of phenolic compounds. Therefore, a detailed investigation of the phytochemical composition and in vivo study of the C. impressa hydroethanolic extract is suggested to characterize the active compounds of the species / Licania rigida Benth., Licania tomentosa (Benth.) Fritsch, e Couepia impressa Prance (fam?lia Chrysobalanaceae) s?o plantas utilizadas pela medicina popular do Nordeste do Brasil, sob a forma de extratos e infus?es para o tratamento do diabetes e reumatismo, doen?as degenerativas com envolvimento de esp?cies reativas de oxig?nio (ERO). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a capacidade antioxidante dos extratos aquoso, etan?lico e hidroetan?lico das folhas dessas esp?cies, utilizando v?rios sistemas de ensaio in vitro (poder redutor, capacidade de sequestro do DPPH?, o sistema ?- caroteno/?cido linoleico e a inibi??o da peroxida??o lip?dica em homogenato de c?rebro de ratos, utilizando as subst?ncias reativas do ?cido tiobarbit?rico - SRAT). A toxicidade oral aguda dos extratos aquosos tamb?m foi avaliada in vivo. Os resultados revelaram extratos com alto poder redutor, capacidade de sequestro do DPPH? e de prote??o no sitema ?-caroteno/?cido linoleico, bem como a capacidade de impedir a forma??o de SRAT em homogenato de c?rebro de ratos, de maneira concentra??o-dependente. Quanto ? toxicidade oral aguda in vivo dos extratos aquosos, nenhum efeito t?xico foi observado em rela??o ?s avalia??es fisiol?gica, hematol?gica e bioqu?mica. A presen?a de elevado teor de compostos fen?licos e flavonoides foi determinada principalmente no extrato etan?lico. Entretanto, o extrato hidroetan?lico de C. impressa, fracionado com hexano, clorof?rmio e acetato de etila para a an?lise por RMN 1H, mostrou resultados mais eficientes do que o antioxidante de refer?ncia Carduus marianus. As classes de compostos org?nicos determinados foram fen?licos na fra??o acetato de etila e terpenos nas fra??es hex?nica e clorof?rmica. A fra??o acetato de etila apresentou o maior teor de flavonoides e maior capacidade de sequestro do DPPH?, possivelmente pela presen?a de compostos fen?licos. Portanto, uma detalhada investiga??o da composi??o fitoqu?mica e estudo in vivo do extrato hidroetan?lico de C. impressa ? sugerida para caracterizar os compostos ativos da esp?cie

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BrunoAAS.pdf: 4258750 bytes, checksum: 23e94d243172bf35909690337987df9d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Solid substrate cultivation (SSC) has become an efficient alternative towards rational use of agro industrial wastes and production of value-added products, mainly in developing countries. This work presents the production and functional application results of phenolic extracts obtained by solid substrate cultivation of pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) and guava (Psidium guajava L.) residues associated to soy flour and bioprocessed by Rhizopus oligosporus fungus. Two experimental groups were tested: (1) 9g of fruit residue and 1g of soy flour (A9 or G9); (2) 5g of fruit residue and 5g of soy flour (A5 or G5). After SSC, 100ml of distilled water was added to each Erlenmeyer flask containing 10g of bioprocessed material in order to obtain the phenolic extracts. Samples were taken every two days for total phenolic concentration (TPC) and antioxidant capacity evaluation by DPPH test during 12-day cultivation. The 2-day and 10-d ay extracts were selected and concentrated by ebullition until 1/10 of original volume was reached. After that, both non-concentrated and concentrated extracts were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica and a-amylase inhibitory capacity. It was observed an inverse relationship between total phenolic concentration (TPC) and antioxidant capacity during the cultivation. Besides that, the concentrated pineapple samples after two days were able to inhibit both pathogens tested, especially S. aureus. Guava concentrated extracts after 2 days showed expressive inhibition against S. enterica, but negative results against S. aureus growth. When it comes to a-amylase inhibition, A9 extracts after 2 days, both concentrated or not, completely inhibited enzyme activity. Similar behavior was observed for G9 samples, but only for concentrated samples. It was shown that concentration by ebullition positively affected the enzymatic inhibition of G9 and A9 samples, but on the other side, decreased antiamylase activity of A5 and G5 samples / O cultivo semi-s?lido tem se tornado nos ?ltimos anos uma alternativa eficiente no aproveitamento de res?duos agroindustriais para a produ??o de compostos de alto valor agregado, sobretudo em pa?ses em desenvolvimento. Este trabalho apresenta resultados da produ??o e funcionalidade de extratos fen?licos obtidos atrav?s de cultivo semi-s?lido de res?duos de abacaxi (Ananas comosus L.) e goiaba (Psidium guajava L.) associados ao farelo de soja por meio do fungo Rhizopus oligosporus. Dois grupos experimentais foram estudados: (1) 9g de res?duo e 1g de farinha de soja (A9 ou G9); (2) 5g de res?duo e 5g de farinha de soja (A5 ou G5). Ap?s o cultivo semi-s?lido, 100 mL de ?gua destilada foram adicionados a cada frasco Erlenmeyer contendo 10g de material bioprocessado para obten??o dos extratos fen?licos n?o concentrados. Amostras foram tomadas ao longo do cultivo e avaliadas quanto ? concentra??o de fen?licos totais e capacidade antioxidante pelo teste DPPH ao longo de 12 dias de cultivo. Os extratos aquosos obtidos ap?s dois e dez dias de cultivo foram selecionados e concentrados at? redu??o de 1/10 do volume original. Em seguida, tanto os extratos concentrados quanto os n?o-concentrados desses pontos foram submetidos ? avalia??o da atividade antimicrobiana contra Staphylococcus aureus e Salmonella enterica e poder inibit?rio da enzima a-amilase. Durante o cultivo foi observada rela??o inversa entre a produ??o de fen?licos livres e capacidade antioxidante dos extratos. As amostras fen?licas concentradas dos res?duos de abacaxi ap?s dois dias de cultivo apresentaram capacidade de inibir o crescimento dos pat?genos testados, especialmente o S. aureus. Para o res?duo de goiaba, foi observado que os extratos fen?licos concentrados de ambos os grupos experimentais ap?s 2 dias de cultivo demonstraram expressiva inibi??o da Salmonella enterica, por?m, n?o apresentaram resultados positivos contra S. aureus. Quanto ? atividade anti-amilase, os extratos fen?licos do grupo experimental A9 ap?s dois dias de cultivo apresentaram capacidade de inibir completamente a a??o da enzima α-amilase. Comportamento similar foi detectado para as amostras do grupo experimental G9, por?m, apenas para as amostras concentradas. A concentra??o por ebuli??o dos extratos fen?licos nos grupos A9 e G9 favoreceu o aumento da inibi??o enzim?tica. Comportamento diferente foi observado nas amostras dos grupos A5 e G5 que apresentaram baixa atividade anti-amilase, possivelmente influenciada por modifica??es decorrentes da concentra??o por ebuli??o

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JulianaCSA_DISSERT.pdf: 2885300 bytes, checksum: 18768d46af6895ea630731a4c28b4d2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-17 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The food industry is interested in natural products. Anthocyanins are phenolic antioxidants of great importance with health-relevant applications. Several studies have linked the intake of fruits and vegetables with reduced risk of chronic degenerative diseases because of its antioxidant properties. This study aimed to compare different strategies for obtaining natural pigments from red jambo (Syzygium malaccence) and analyze its functional potential. Two different strategies were studied: (1) solid-liquid extraction (SLE) in reactor with controlled parameters, (2) powder obtention. The investigation of the functional potential was conducted taking into account the total phenolic content (TPC), the antioxidant activity (AA), the total anthocyanins concentration (TA) and α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition. The best extracts obtained by SLE showed TPC of 174.15 mg GAE/100g, AA of 3.56 μmol Trolox eq/g and TA of 133.59 mg cyd-3-glu/100 g. The best results for the second strategy were TPC of 1024.22 mg GAE/100 g, AA of 29.03 μmol Trolox eq/g and TA of 1193.41 mg cyd-3- glu/100 g. It was observed moderate amylase inhibition (26.30%) and high glucosidase inhibitory activity (97.47%). Skin extracts showed, in general, superior results when compared to whole red jambo, with superior values for dehydrated products. Based on our result, red jambo can be considered as a rich source of phenolic antioxidants, as well on amylase and glucosidase inhibitors / A ind?stria aliment?cia demonstra forte interesse em estudos de extra??o envolvendo produtos naturais. A antocianina ? um fen?lico antioxidante de grande import?ncia e atua??o no organismo dos seres vivos. V?rios estudos relacionam ? ingest?o de frutas e vegetais com a diminui??o do risco e desenvolvimento de doen?as cr?nicodegenerativas em fun??o de suas propriedades antioxidantes. Este trabalho teve como objetivo comparar diferentes estrat?gias de obten??o do corante da casca e do jambo inteiro sem caro?o e analisar seu potencial funcional. Duas diferentes estrat?gias foram estudadas: (1) extra??o s?lido-l?quido em reator enjaquetado com controle de par?metros; (2) obten??o do p?. A investiga??o do potencial funcional foi realizada por meio de an?lises quanto ao teor de compostos fen?licos totais (CFT), a atividade antioxidante (AA), a concentra??o de antocianinas totais (AT) e a inibi??o das enzimas α-amilase e α-glicosidase. Os extratos com os melhores resultados para a estrat?gia 1 foram para CFT de 174,15 mg GAE/100 g, para a AA de 3,56 μmol Trolox eq/g e para AT de 133,59 mg ci-3-gli/100 g. Os melhores valores para a estrat?gia 2 foram para CFT de 1024,22 mg GAE/100 g, para AA de 29,03 μmol Trolox eq/g e para AT de 1193,41 mg ci-3-gli/100 g. A a??o inibit?ria das enzimas α-amilase (26,30%) e α-glicosidase (97,47%) mostraram-se potentes. Os extratos da casca apresentaram, de maneira geral, resultados superiores quando comparados aos valores dos extratos do jambo inteiro e as maiores quantifica??es foram obtidas dos produtos desidratados. As amostras analisadas exibiram fontes satisfat?rias de fen?licos antoci?nicos, com potente capacidade antioxidante e atividade inibit?ria das enzimas α-amilase e α-glicosidase