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No description available.

Entre 100 et 140 millions de femmes, de petites filles et d’adolescentes sont excisées (Andro et Lesclingrand, 2007). Les risques sanitaires de l’excision sont élevés et concernent la santé reproductive, physique et psychologique des femmes. Les nouvelles migrations et l’augmentation des pays qui légifèrent l’excision ont contribué à l’internationalisation de l’excision et à la modification de son processus. On constate actuellement une tendance de l’excision à devenir une pratique clandestine et une perte de sa signification rituelle. En même temps, les mouvements de lutte internationaux, régionaux autant que nationaux prennent de l’ampleur et connaissent une période de mutation afin de contrer la nouvelle figure de l’excision. Le Burkina Faso ne fait pas exception. Le gouvernement burkinabé s’est clairement positionné en faveur du mouvement de lutte contre l’excision et met en place de nombreux dispositifs juridiques, politiques et économiques afin d’en soutenir les initiatives. En 2003, 77 % des femmes burkinabè âgées de 15 à 49 ans se déclaraient excisées. Parallèlement, on assiste à une diminution de la pratique chez leurs filles entre 1998 et 2003 et à une augmentation du nombre de Burkinabè se déclarant contre la pratique. Pourtant en 2003, environ 40 % des femmes ont excisé ou souhaitent exciser leurs filles et environ 24 % des hommes et 26 % des femmes sont encore favorables à la perpétuation de l’excision. Ce mémoire s’intéresse d’abord aux changements de pratique, de connaissance et d’attitudes par rapport à l’excision entre 1998 et 2003. Il s’intéresse ensuite aux déterminants socioculturels, démographiques et économiques favorisant la persistance de cette pratique au sein de la société burkinabé et aux obstacles rencontrés par les intervenants pour combattre l’excision sur le terrain. Pour ce faire la recherche associe méthodes quantitatives et qualitatives. Elle combine analyses statistiques des données des enquêtes démographiques de santé de 2003 et de 1998 et analyse des données d’entretiens collectées auprès d’acteurs sur le terrain entre le premier et le 10 octobre 2005. / Between 100 and 140 million women, young and teenage girls have undergone feminine genital cutting (Andro and Lesclingrand, 2007). The medical risks of excision are high and relate to the reproductive, physical and psychological health of women. New migrations and the increase of countries legislating female genital cutting contributed to the internationalization of the practice and to the changes in its process. The loss of the ritual significance of excision and the increase as a concealed practice have clearly been noticed. In the meantime, the international movements fighting it, regional as well as national, amplify and put changes together in order to counter the new figure of female genital cutting. Burkina Faso does not make exception. The Government has clearly positioned itself in favour of movements fighting excision; and has set up many legal, political and economic devices in order to support their initiatives. In 2003, 77% of Burkina Faso women aged between 15 to 49 years old were declared excised. In parallel, a reduction in the practice for their daughter between 1998 and 2003 is noted as well as an increase in the number of Burkina Faso people declaring themselves against the practice. However in 2003, approximately 40% of women have performed or would like their daughter to undergo the cut; and approximately 24% of men and 26% of women are still encouraging the perpetuation of excision. This thesis’ first concern is the changes in the practice, and the knowledge and attitudes regarding excision between 1998 and 2003. Secondly, the attention is drawn on the socio-cultural, demographic and economic determinants indulging the doggedness of this practice within Burkina Faso people and on the concrete obstacles workers encounter on the ground. Therefore this research associates quantitative and qualitative methods. It combines statistic analysis of the Demographic and Health Surveys of 2003 and 1998 data; and analyzes data collected from talks made between October 1 st and 10th, 2005 with fields’ workers.

Entre 100 et 140 millions de femmes, de petites filles et d’adolescentes sont excisées (Andro et Lesclingrand, 2007). Les risques sanitaires de l’excision sont élevés et concernent la santé reproductive, physique et psychologique des femmes. Les nouvelles migrations et l’augmentation des pays qui légifèrent l’excision ont contribué à l’internationalisation de l’excision et à la modification de son processus. On constate actuellement une tendance de l’excision à devenir une pratique clandestine et une perte de sa signification rituelle. En même temps, les mouvements de lutte internationaux, régionaux autant que nationaux prennent de l’ampleur et connaissent une période de mutation afin de contrer la nouvelle figure de l’excision. Le Burkina Faso ne fait pas exception. Le gouvernement burkinabé s’est clairement positionné en faveur du mouvement de lutte contre l’excision et met en place de nombreux dispositifs juridiques, politiques et économiques afin d’en soutenir les initiatives. En 2003, 77 % des femmes burkinabè âgées de 15 à 49 ans se déclaraient excisées. Parallèlement, on assiste à une diminution de la pratique chez leurs filles entre 1998 et 2003 et à une augmentation du nombre de Burkinabè se déclarant contre la pratique. Pourtant en 2003, environ 40 % des femmes ont excisé ou souhaitent exciser leurs filles et environ 24 % des hommes et 26 % des femmes sont encore favorables à la perpétuation de l’excision. Ce mémoire s’intéresse d’abord aux changements de pratique, de connaissance et d’attitudes par rapport à l’excision entre 1998 et 2003. Il s’intéresse ensuite aux déterminants socioculturels, démographiques et économiques favorisant la persistance de cette pratique au sein de la société burkinabé et aux obstacles rencontrés par les intervenants pour combattre l’excision sur le terrain. Pour ce faire la recherche associe méthodes quantitatives et qualitatives. Elle combine analyses statistiques des données des enquêtes démographiques de santé de 2003 et de 1998 et analyse des données d’entretiens collectées auprès d’acteurs sur le terrain entre le premier et le 10 octobre 2005. / Between 100 and 140 million women, young and teenage girls have undergone feminine genital cutting (Andro and Lesclingrand, 2007). The medical risks of excision are high and relate to the reproductive, physical and psychological health of women. New migrations and the increase of countries legislating female genital cutting contributed to the internationalization of the practice and to the changes in its process. The loss of the ritual significance of excision and the increase as a concealed practice have clearly been noticed. In the meantime, the international movements fighting it, regional as well as national, amplify and put changes together in order to counter the new figure of female genital cutting. Burkina Faso does not make exception. The Government has clearly positioned itself in favour of movements fighting excision; and has set up many legal, political and economic devices in order to support their initiatives. In 2003, 77% of Burkina Faso women aged between 15 to 49 years old were declared excised. In parallel, a reduction in the practice for their daughter between 1998 and 2003 is noted as well as an increase in the number of Burkina Faso people declaring themselves against the practice. However in 2003, approximately 40% of women have performed or would like their daughter to undergo the cut; and approximately 24% of men and 26% of women are still encouraging the perpetuation of excision. This thesis’ first concern is the changes in the practice, and the knowledge and attitudes regarding excision between 1998 and 2003. Secondly, the attention is drawn on the socio-cultural, demographic and economic determinants indulging the doggedness of this practice within Burkina Faso people and on the concrete obstacles workers encounter on the ground. Therefore this research associates quantitative and qualitative methods. It combines statistic analysis of the Demographic and Health Surveys of 2003 and 1998 data; and analyzes data collected from talks made between October 1 st and 10th, 2005 with fields’ workers.

Although the Council House Fight is well written about in the annals of early Texas history, this all-encompassing study will reveal a whole new picture. Unlike previous works that maintained one point of view, multiple perspectives were analyzed and explored to allow a more comprehensive view of the Council House Fight to emerge. Primary focus on social and cultural misunderstandings, as well as the mounting hostility between the Penateka Comanche and Texians across the frontier, will demonstrate their general distrust and hatred of the other. Detailing their complicated relationship will prove that neither the Texians nor the Comanche were without blame, and both shared responsibility for the deterioration of events on and before March 19, 1840.

Live, Virtual, and Constructive (LVC) is a relatively newly developed system of systems concept designed to provide a new way of conducting training for, but not exclusively, fighter pilots. “Train like you fight” is a commonly used quote when talking about LVC. The ability to create an environment where fighter pilots are able to train in an environment that is as much alike their working environment as possible will give the pilots a huge advantage when having to work in such a challenging and dangerous environment like active war. Besides training, other areas to use LVC have been discussed, and one of those areas is system test and analysis for weapon systems. In this thesis the ability to use LVC as a system test and analysis tool is investigated. This is done by the development of a model of what the LVC system looks like, then a suggestion of an LVC-design with the purpose of using the system as a test and analysis tool is presented. The design is based on SWOT-analyses based on previous research and on LVC products existing on the market. To validate this design a workshop with experts was conducted to receive input on the design as well as discuss the possibilities of Sweden implementing LVC in the future. After the workshop the LVC-design was updated with the points from the workshop. / Live, Virtual och Constructive eller LVC är ett relativt nyutvecklat system av systemkoncept som är utformat för att tillhandahålla ett nytt sätt att genomföra träning för, men inte enbart, stridspiloter. "Träna som du slåss" är ett vanligt citat när man talar om LVC. Förmågan att skapa en miljö där stridspiloter kan träna så likt deras arbetsmiljö som möjligt, d.v.s. aktivt krig, kommer att ge piloterna en enorm fördel när de måste arbeta i en så utmanande och farlig omgivning. Förutom träning har andra användningsområden för LVC diskuterats, och ett av dessa områden är systemtest och systemanalys för vapensystem. I denna rapport undersöks just förmågan att använda LVC som ett systemtest- och analysverktyg. Detta görs genom att utveckla en modell för hur LVC systemet ser ut och vilka förändringar som skulle behöva göras för att det ska kunna fungera som ett systemtest- och analysverktyg, detta resulterar i en modell av en LVC-design. Den modellen är baserad på SWOT-analyser som i sin tur är baserade på tidigare forskning och på LVC-produkter som finns på marknaden. För att validera denna modell genomförs en workshop med experter för att få input om modellen samt diskutera möjligheterna för Sverige att eventuellt implementera LVC i framtiden. Efter workshopen uppdaterades LVC-designen med punkter från workshopen.

Title: The aggressive behaviour in the NHL. Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to describe and analyze NHL fighting phenomenon. The analysis will be realized as a research study. At first, sources of the thesis will be described. Then, there will be mentioned contemporary backgrounds and theoretical points included theory of aggressiveness in everyday sport. Complex view on the aggressive behaviour within the NHL will be assigned as a main part of whole thesis. Main part will contain historical view, ongoing trends of NHL and brief glance to rules of the NHL. Methods: Basic information from the field of NHL fighting was compiled by direct method of research and by method of induction. Research via comparative method was used marginally. Results: Results of my thesis will help to understand and to light up aggressive behaviour phenomenon in NHL. This issue is not published in European countries. Thesis will help to why hockey players do fight, where are roots of the NHL brawling or how is an attitude of officials in NHL. Keywords: NHL, aggressiveness, aggressive behavior, brawl, fight, delinquency

Este trabalho visa contribuir com os estudos semióticos, analisando a estrutura e o funcionamento do discurso das duas organizações mais importantes da esquerda armada brasileira nas décadas de 1960 e 1970, a Ação Libertadora Nacional (ALN) e a Vanguarda Popular Revolucionária (VPR), à luz dos conceitos retóricos de éthos e páthos. No contexto da ditadura brasileira e sob a influência de acontecimentos como a Guerra do Vietnam e a Revolução Cubana, entre outros, uma parcela da esquerda decidiu-se pela revolução, formando grupos militantes para lutar contra o governo. Esses grupos, que atuaram no Brasil entre 1968 e 1973, foram massacrados pelo regime militar, grande parte dos combatentes sendo assassinada e os sobreviventes passando por tortura, prisão, clandestinidade e exílio. No intuito de compreender a opção pela luta armada, bem como os valores e os impulsos de mobilização desses indivíduos, realizamos uma análise comparativa dos elementos éticos e passionais em documentos deixados pela ALN e pela VPR, com base nos princípios teórico-metodológicos da semiótica discursiva de linha francesa. A abordagem da noção de ator da enunciação e, em particular, da idéia de éthos e de páthos, a partir da perspectiva semiótica, revelou semelhanças e diferenças entre os discursos da ALN e da VPR, fundadas essencialmente nos aspectos passionais. / This doctoral thesis is intended to contribute to the field of semiotic studies by examining the discoursive structure of texts of the two most important Brazilian armed left-wing organizations in the 1960s and 1970s, namely the Ação Libertadora Nacional [National Liberty Action] (ALN) and the Vanguarda Popular Revolucionária [Popular Revolutionary Avant-Garde] (VPR), in the light of the rhetorical concepts of éthos and páthos. In the context of the dictatorial period in Brazil, and influenced by the ideals of the Vietnam War and the Cuban Revolution, amongst other events, left-wing militants decided in favour of the revolution, by forming armed groups to fight against the government. These groups, in activity in Brazil in the period between 1968 and 1973, were eventually massacred by military regime, the majority of the combatants being murdered and those who survived suffering torture, living clandestinely, or sent to prison or into exile. Aiming at an understanding of the option for the armed fight as well as of the values and mobilizing impulse of these individuals, we comparatively analysed ethical and passion elements in documents in the ALN\'s and the VPR\'s respective archives, according to the theoretical-methodological principles of French discoursive semiotics. The approach of the notion of enunciation actor and particularly of the concepts of éthos and páthos, from a semiotic perspective, revealed similarities and differences in the discourses of the ALN and the VPR, based essentially on passion aspects.