L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier le triptyque de la libéralisation, de la mondialisation et de la financiarisation du capitalisme moderne qui a engendré non seulement des conséquences pénibles pour les pays en développement et les économies émergentes au cours des années 1990, mais également une crise dévastatrice pour les économies développées au cours des années 2000 (i.e. des économies «aux systèmes financiers apparemment bien développés »). Dans cette optique, plusieurs corps de recherches théoriques et empiriques ont été identifiés, synthétisés et analysés afin de présenter un débat unique se concentrant sur la nature instable et factice du capitalisme néo-libéral, développé pendant les quatre dernières décennies. Cette thèse a des implications particulières pour la croissance économique et le développement, ainsi que pour la stabilité financière des pays en développement et des économies émergentes, qui ont également adopté ce capitalisme moderne. Par conséquent, cette thèse a été divisée en quatre chapitres. Le premier chapitre traite du lien entre finance et croissance. À cet égard, l'évolution des idées clés, les théories et les recherches empiriques sont présentées pour aboutir à l'analyse de la notion de répression financière, ainsi que ses implications dans les pays en développement et les économies émergentes. Le deuxième chapitre a analysé d'une part les propositions de libéralisation financière, avec un accent particulier sur le Consensus de Washington et la mondialisation financière, et d'autre part l'opposition à la libéralisation financière, en mettant cette fois l'accent sur la critique des structuralistes et des nouveaux institutionnalistes. Le troisième chapitre est, quant à lui, centré sur les implications de la série de crises et de l'instabilité dans la libéralisation et l'ouverture des marchés financiers des économies émergentes d'Asie et d'Amérique latine au cours des années 1990. Enfin, le dernier chapitre aborde l'incidence de la crise actuelle dans les pays développés pour explorer la fragilité des bases de la structure financière mondiale et ses implications dans le cadre de ce capitalisme financier néolibéral, qui exige une structure plus cohérente. / The objective of this thesis is to study the triptych of liberalization, globalization and financialization of modern capitalism which has not only came up with distressing consequences for developing and emerging economies during 1990s, but also devastating crisis for developed economies during 2000s - economies with ‘apparently' well-developed financial systems. In this aim, multi-pronged body of theoretical and empirical research has been identified, synthesized and analyzed to present a unique debate focusing on unstable and factitious nature of neo-liberal and finance-led capitalism, developed during last four decades. This dissertation has particular implications for economic growth and development as well as for financial stability in developing and emerging economies which also adopted this modern capitalism. In this aim, this thesis has been divided into four chapters. First chapter is dealing with the relationship between finance and growth. In this regard, evolution of key ideas, theories and empirical research is presented to reach at the concept of financial repression and its implications for developing and emerging economies. Second chapter has analyzed the propositions for financial liberalization with particular emphasis on Washington Consensus and financial globalization as well as the opposition against financial liberalization with particular emphasis on critique by new structuralists and Institutionalists. Third chapter is closely focused on the implications of series of crises and instability in liberalized and open financial markets of emerging economies of Asia and Latin America during late 1990s. Final chapter is using the incidence of current crisis in developed economies to explore the weak foundations of global financial structure and its implications for neoliberal form of finance-led capitalism which demands more consistent financial framework.

Social and ecological sustainability applications are a significant way to bring equality, equity, and happiness in society. Food waste and food security are two of the most significant problems the people have to tackle the next years. In every country, there are huge problems regarding the food waste which cause serious health problems and pollution not only in the atmosphere but in the subsoil as well. Contrary to that, there is a countless number of people facing food security issues every day across the globe. These problems occurred in Greece as well due to the modern way of living on one hand and the financial crisis on the other. A combination of technological ideas in the economic field of the circular economy could be applied to succeed in sustainable solutions. In this thesis, a literature search conducted in order to identify similar problems in Greece. There are very worrying statistics that indicate the massive food waste that is happening in Greek households. Additionally, the literature search for food security and unemployment reveals the significant problem occurred in society as a result of the financial crisis. An additional search in the field of the circular economy reveals excellent solutions in the agricultural machinery sharing and refactoring that could be applied locally, exploiting the existing infrastructure of the community. These solutions help small and young farmers to improve their financial situations. The author is exploring the effects of the financial crisis in the local economy in an effort to apply technological solutions in a form of a mobile application to interconnect people and make the donation, sharing and job search easier for the community. The ultimate goal of this study is to develop an application that could help the community to move towards social and ecological sustainability. Even though the ideas applied in this thesis are fresh to the community in the author’s region, the results of this work indicate that there are significant support and willingness to contribute. The development efforts are focusing on a mobile application where its features are focusing on the best possible interconnection among people of the community. Participants believe that the application interconnection along with the features provided, like the food donation, food sales, machinery sharing and job search among people of the community, could bring positive results reducing the food waste, promoting the circular economy, and toning the local economy in general. The data have shown that the author is moving towards the right path in his first attempt to present these ideas to the community in his region. Every participant in this study embraces his efforts finding potential value in the provided features of the application.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Roberto da Silva.pdf: 1447192 bytes, checksum: 7f99b454c4f76ae9c8a5421fa5972370 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-28 / This research has as objective to show the evolution of International the Financial System, as the institucional environment of century XXI consists at the beginning and as the sistêmica crisis of 2008 occurred. To show the evolution of International the Financial System, we realized a historical survey since the period of the standard-gold, passing for the period between wars, the system of regulation of Bretton Woods that created the BIRD, responsible for the provision of credits destined to the retaken one of investments and the FMI that would be a regulating organism to assist countries in difficulties in its rockings of payments. We show that the System of Bretton Woods represented a successful attempt of regulating International the System Financial that almost guaranteed the diverse countries three decades of growth and economic stability. With the end of the System of Bretton Woods, international the monetary relations had more passed not to be governed by rules or agreement involving exchange adjustments or creation of international liquidity, of this form in 1973, all the countries had started to adopt the regimen of flexible exchange, starting point for an exchange and monetary instability. This research searchs to analyze as if it held International the Financial System from the occured deregulation with the end of Bretton Woods and which its paper in the recent deflagrated sistêmica crisis in 2008 in the United States. In this meantime, we show that this crisis brought proposals of economists, multilateral governments and institutions with intention to promote reforms ample that can regulate International the System Financial of form to attenuate the crises / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo mostrar a evolução do Sistema Financeiro Internacional, como se constitui o ambiente institucional no início do século XXI e como ocorreu a crise sistêmica de 2008. Para mostrarmos a evolução do Sistema Financeiro Internacional, realizamos um levantamento histórico desde o período do padrão-ouro, passando pelo período entre guerras, pelo sistema de regulação de Bretton Woods que criou o BIRD, responsável pela provisão de créditos destinados à retomada de investimentos e o FMI que seria um organismo regulador para auxiliar países em dificuldades em seus balanços de pagamentos. Mostramos que o Sistema de Bretton Woods representou uma tentativa bem-sucedida de regular o Sistema Financeiro Internacional que garantiu a diversos países quase três décadas de crescimento e estabilidade econômica. Com o fim do Sistema de Bretton Woods, as relações monetárias internacionais passaram a não ser mais governadas por regras ou entendimento envolvendo ajustes cambiais ou criação de liquidez internacional, dessa forma, em 1973, todos os países passaram a adotar o regime de câmbio flexível, ponto de partida para uma instabilidade cambial e monetária. Esta dissertação busca analisar como se comportou o Sistema Financeiro Internacional a partir da desregulamentação ocorrida com o fim de Bretton Woods e qual o seu papel na recente crise sistêmica deflagada em 2008 nos Estados Unidos. Neste interim, mostramos que essa crise trouxe à tona propostas de economistas, governos e instituições multilaterais com o intuito de promoverem reformas amplas que possam regular o Sistema Financeiro Internacional de forma a atenuar as crises

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Balloti Monteiro.pdf: 467444 bytes, checksum: ce6e5589ae2f8b2550f67f4225c0b444 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-06 / The dissertation examines the absence of a supranational tax authority within the European Monetary Union and the difficulties of coordinating the bloc´s economic policy during the financial crisis started in 2007. Left to each Member State implementation of fiscal policy, but left to monetary policy and exchange rate borne by a single central bank aimed at their status is to maintain price stability, the implementation of economic policy within the bloc is shows conflicting since changes in one variable can interfere with many other influences that together in conducting economic nations. The international financial crisis of 2007 imposed an intense performance of the European Central Bank to try to mitigate the effects of the financial storm could cause the bloc's countries. Given its intensity, the governments of the countries had to act in a massive way to ensure survival of the economy of the country and save the financial and banking system of the Member States. Given this performance, many countries have reached critical levels of sustainability of their debt. Coupled with the structural problems that had some savings and gained greater importance when they started to use the single currency, the peripheral countries have been hardest hit by the crisis and are sources of uncertainty about the solvency of their economies / A dissertação analisa a ausência de uma autoridade fiscal supranacional dentro da União Monetária Européia e as dificuldades de coordenação da política econômica do bloco durante a crise financeira iniciada em 2007. Deixada a cargo de cada Estado-membro a execução da política fiscal, mas deixada a política monetária e cambial a cargo de um banco central único cujo objetivo pelo seu estatuto é a manutenção da estabilidade dos preços, a execução da política econômica dentro do bloco se mostra conflitante uma vez que modificações em uma variável podem interferir nas diversas outras que influem em conjunto na condução econômica das nações. A crise financeira internacional de 2007 impôs uma intensa atuação do Banco Central Europeu para tentar mitigar os efeitos que a tormenta financeira pudesse causar aos países do bloco. Dada sua intensidade, os governos dos países tiveram que atuar de maneira maciça para garantir a sobrevivência da economia dos países e salvar o sistema bancário-financeiro dos Estados-membros. Diante desta atuação, muitos países atingiram níveis críticos de sustentabilidade das suas dívidas. Aliada a problemas estruturais que algumas economias apresentavam e que ganharam maior relevância quando passaram a utilizar a moeda única, os países periféricos foram mais fortemente atingidos pela crise e são fontes de incertezas quanto a solvência de suas economias

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael Baptista Palazzi.pdf: 814710 bytes, checksum: ce7465b2f886d65bb16dc97d442eae3d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-16 / The actual study aims to analyze the role of credit rating agencies in the world crisis, focusing on the Asian crisis, the Agencies whose work had an important role. We have argued that in Asian crisis the rating agencies have not been able to anticipate the crisis and have acted in a way to intensify it. This paper presents, previously, the historical background of the Rating Agencies and analyzes the structure of the methodology disclosed by them, which is used for classification of the ratings. Through the relevant literature review it will be analyzed the determinants and impacts of the ratings in emerging market economies, particularly in the Asian crisis. Therefore it will be discussed the role of the rating Agencies in the Asian crisis and, briefly, it will be shown the acting of rating agencies in the other world crises / O presente estudo visa analisar o papel das agências classificadoras de risco nas crises mundiais, com foco na crise asiática, quando a atuação das agências teve um papel importante. Argumentamos que, na crise asiática as Agências de rating não foram capazes de antecipar a crise e agiram de forma a intensificá-la. O trabalho apresenta, inicialmente, um panorama histórico das agências de rating e analisa a estrutura da metodologia divulgada pelas agências que é utilizada para classificação dos ratings. Por meio da revisão da literatura relevante, serão analisados os determinantes e os impactos dos ratings nas economias emergentes e, principalmente, os impactos na crise asiática. Por fim será discutido o papel das agências na crise asiática e, brevemente, será destacada a atuação das agências em outras crises mundiais

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leticia Scofield Miglio.pdf: 1433454 bytes, checksum: b2170c133d2656b375c2b09538785443 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-23 / The financial crisis of the late 2000s generated impacts on the world economy and was felt in Latin America since 2008. However, when analyzing the results until now, we realize that this crisis was different in the Latin American economies. The external environment marked by the strong presence of China in world trade (recovering levels of trade in commodities) and the overflow of the intervention of the Fed in the U.S. through its expansionist policies allowed a period of international liquidity, which differs from the economic environment crisis above. Moreover, the strong presence of Latin American governments through the adoption of countercyclical economic policies generated positive effects in these economies, minimizing the effects of financial crisis. This research has the objective of study the policies adopted by Latin America and analyze the international context by reviewing theory and observation of the quantitative variables / A crise financeira do final dos anos 2000 gerou impactos na economia mundial e foi sentida na América Latina a partir de 2008. Entretanto, os resultados analisados até o momento nos permitem inferir que essa crise possui caráter diferenciado quando se observa as economias latino-americanas. O contexto externo marcado pela forte presença da China no comércio mundial (recuperando os níveis do comércio de commodities) e o transbordamento da intervenção do FED nos EUA por meio de sua política expansionista, permitiram um período de liquidez internacional, que difere do ambiente econômico de crises anteriores. Além disso, a forte presença dos governos latino-americanos através da adoção de políticas econômicas anticíclicas gerou efeitos positivos nessas economias, minimizando os efeitos dessa crise financeira. O estudo das políticas adotadas pela América Latina e a análise do contexto internacional, é objeto de pesquisa do presente trabalho que será desenvolvido por meio da revisão teórica e da observação do comportamento das variáveis quantitativas

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a mecânica dos processos políticos internos do Federal Reserve System e sua interação com o Departamento do Tesouro dos Estados Unidos no período entre o auge da crise financeira global no final de 2008 e o impasse sobre a elevação do teto da dívida pública em 2011. Foram analisados documentos oficias das duas instituições, bem como pronunciamentos de seus dirigentes. O estudo mostra que as estratégias desenhadas pelos formuladores de política monetária e fiscal complementaram-se durante a maior parte do período considerado, com a criação e implementação de variados instrumentos e programas de grande impacto. Nesse processo, o papel internacional do dólar foi reforçado. / This research aims at analyzing the mechanics of the internal political processes of the Federal Reserve System and its interaction with the U.S. Department of Treasury between the height of global financial crisis, late 2008, and the deadlock around the debt ceiling raise in 2011. To this end, the study was based on official documents issued by the two agencies and statements made by their representatives. The analysis indicates that the strategies designed by monetary and fiscal policymakers were complementary during most of the period in focus, through the creation and implementation of different policy tools and programs of great impact. In this process, the international role of the dollar was reinforced.

Nos últimos anos, sobretudo na esteira do acirramento do belicismo norte-americano e da subseqüente crise econômica mundial, veio à tona um conjunto de temas que tradicionalmente constituíram objetos da análise marxista, e sobre os quais diversos membros desta tradição continuam a se debruçar. Nesse contexto, e a despeito do pouco espaço de circulação de suas teses, torna-se oportuno, por um lado, analisá-las com respeito ao abrangente quadro a que visam, qual seja, o da apreensão conceitual da hodierna fase de desenvolvimento capitalista; e, por outro, confrontar esse aparato teórico com um fenômeno empírico como o da última crise econômica mundial, cujos efeitos ainda se fazem sentir, e cujos desdobramentos são dignos de interesse. Grosso modo, tendo como objetivo último fornecer uma contribuição ao debate marxista acerca da atual dinâmica da acumulação de capital e de suas principais tendências, buscamos, em primeiro lugar, perscrutar sua emergência à luz da fase do desenvolvimento capitalista que lhe precedeu, e fixar alguns elementos mais salientes de seu processo histórico de consolidação, bem como da configuração geral que veio a assumir. Na sequência, procuramos sintetizar e considerar criticamente determinados esforços marxistas de conceituação dessa nova fase, os quais organizamos por meio de noções-chave a saber, de pós-modernidade e pós-modernismo; de globalização; de neoliberalismo; de financeirização; de hegemonia e de imperialismo. Por fim, valendo-nos desse conjunto de fatores, concentramos nossa atenção sobre o evolver e o significado da mais recente crise econômica mundial. / In recent years, especially in the wake of the intensification of north american bellicosity and the subsequent global economic crisis, came to the surface a set of topics that have traditionally constituted objects of Marxist analysis, and on which several members of this tradition continue to address. In this context, and in despite of the limited room for the circulation of their thesis, it becomes appropriate, on the one hand, to analyze them with respect to the comprehensive framework they aimed at, namely, the conceptual apprehension of the coeval stage of capitalist development; and, on the other hand, to confront this theoretical apparatus with an empirical phenomenon as that of the last global economic crisis, whose effects are still being felt, and whose unfoldings are worthy of interest. Roughly speaking, with the ultimate goal of providing a contribution to the Marxist debate concerning the present dynamics of the capital accumulation and its main trends, in the first place we have looked for peering its emergence in the light of the stage of capitalist development that preceded it, and fix some salient elements of its historical process of consolidation, as well as the general configuration that it came to assume. After that, we have sought to summarize and to critically consider certain Marxists efforts of conceptualizing this new phase, which we organized throught \"key-notions\" - namely, post-modernity and postmodernism; globalization; neoliberalism; financialization; hegemony and imperialism. Finally, based on this set of factors, we have concentrated our attention on the development and the significance of the latest global economic crisis.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-03T18:35:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rossana_Ribeiro_Prado_Raffaelli.pdf: 2859921 bytes, checksum: 1a23025993958ccd3dd7a95672bcf94a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-30 / To test the market efficiency in its weak form allows demonstrating the predictability of the assets price, giving the possibility of extraordinary profits without risk, simply by analyzing the time series of the asset. In a situation of financial crisis the behavior of asset prices can be changed, since they are susceptible to human emotions. In 2008, there was a global crisis due to the U.S. financial market decline. This research test whether the crisis has changed the market efficiency, stock indices by some developed and developing countries, belonging to the continents: American, Asian and European in the period of January 1st 2007 to June 30th 2010. The objective is to test the market efficiency in pre and post-crisis. Being able to define the start of a financial crisis at any time when a situation is abnormal, dangerous and present marked impairment. Historically, the global crisis commencement was stipulated on September 15th 2008, for all indices showed a decline, but by analyzing the time series of indices, it was noted that this is not the date that the indices showed the biggest drop. This research finds three possible dates that could be considered the beginning of this crisis and tests the market efficiency for each. To this end, it was still necessary to treat the sub-period analysis for the third time found a way completely different from the previous two. The test used was the ratio of the variance described by Lo and MacKinlay (1988). The search result showed inefficiency of the market, demonstrating the predictability for most indexes. / Testar a efici??ncia de mercado na forma fraca possibilita evidenciar a previsibilidade dos pre??os dos ativos, proporcionando lucros extraordin??rios sem correr riscos, simplesmente analisando a s??rie temporal do ativo. Em uma situa????o de crise financeira o comportamento dos pre??os dos ativos pode ser alterado, j?? que estes s??o suscet??veis ??s emo????es humanas. Em2008, ocorreu a crise mundial em fun????o do decl??nio do mercado financeiro dos Estados Unidos. Esta pesquisa questiona se a crise alterou a efici??ncia de mercado dos ??ndices acion??rios de alguns pa??ses desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento, pertencentes aos continentes: americano, asi??tico e europeu no per??odo de 01/01/2007 a 30/06/2010. O objetivo ?? testar a efici??ncia de mercado nos per??odos de pr?? e p??s-crise. Sendo poss??vel definir o in??cio de uma crise financeira a qualquer momento, quando uma situa????o demonstra ser anormal, perigosa e com acentuado preju??zo. Inicialmente, estipulou-se a data de in??cio de crise mundial em 15 de setembro de 2008, pois todos os ??ndices apresentaram queda; por??m ao analisar a s??rie hist??rica dos ??ndices, notou-se que esta n??o foi a data quando os ??ndices demonstraram a maior queda. Tr??s poss??veis datas foram encontradas, as quais podem ser consideradas de in??cio dessa crise e para cada uma delas, testou-se a efici??ncia de mercado. Para tanto, ainda foi necess??rio tratar os sub-per??odos de an??lise desta terceira data de forma completamente diferente das anteriores. O teste utilizado foi o de raz??o da vari??ncia descrito por Lo e MacKinlay (1988). O resultado da pesquisa apresentou inefici??ncia de mercado, evidenciando a previsibilidade para a maioria dos ??ndices.

Nos últimos anos, sobretudo na esteira do acirramento do belicismo norte-americano e da subseqüente crise econômica mundial, veio à tona um conjunto de temas que tradicionalmente constituíram objetos da análise marxista, e sobre os quais diversos membros desta tradição continuam a se debruçar. Nesse contexto, e a despeito do pouco espaço de circulação de suas teses, torna-se oportuno, por um lado, analisá-las com respeito ao abrangente quadro a que visam, qual seja, o da apreensão conceitual da hodierna fase de desenvolvimento capitalista; e, por outro, confrontar esse aparato teórico com um fenômeno empírico como o da última crise econômica mundial, cujos efeitos ainda se fazem sentir, e cujos desdobramentos são dignos de interesse. Grosso modo, tendo como objetivo último fornecer uma contribuição ao debate marxista acerca da atual dinâmica da acumulação de capital e de suas principais tendências, buscamos, em primeiro lugar, perscrutar sua emergência à luz da fase do desenvolvimento capitalista que lhe precedeu, e fixar alguns elementos mais salientes de seu processo histórico de consolidação, bem como da configuração geral que veio a assumir. Na sequência, procuramos sintetizar e considerar criticamente determinados esforços marxistas de conceituação dessa nova fase, os quais organizamos por meio de noções-chave a saber, de pós-modernidade e pós-modernismo; de globalização; de neoliberalismo; de financeirização; de hegemonia e de imperialismo. Por fim, valendo-nos desse conjunto de fatores, concentramos nossa atenção sobre o evolver e o significado da mais recente crise econômica mundial. / In recent years, especially in the wake of the intensification of north american bellicosity and the subsequent global economic crisis, came to the surface a set of topics that have traditionally constituted objects of Marxist analysis, and on which several members of this tradition continue to address. In this context, and in despite of the limited room for the circulation of their thesis, it becomes appropriate, on the one hand, to analyze them with respect to the comprehensive framework they aimed at, namely, the conceptual apprehension of the coeval stage of capitalist development; and, on the other hand, to confront this theoretical apparatus with an empirical phenomenon as that of the last global economic crisis, whose effects are still being felt, and whose unfoldings are worthy of interest. Roughly speaking, with the ultimate goal of providing a contribution to the Marxist debate concerning the present dynamics of the capital accumulation and its main trends, in the first place we have looked for peering its emergence in the light of the stage of capitalist development that preceded it, and fix some salient elements of its historical process of consolidation, as well as the general configuration that it came to assume. After that, we have sought to summarize and to critically consider certain Marxists efforts of conceptualizing this new phase, which we organized throught \"key-notions\" - namely, post-modernity and postmodernism; globalization; neoliberalism; financialization; hegemony and imperialism. Finally, based on this set of factors, we have concentrated our attention on the development and the significance of the latest global economic crisis.