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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

The hidden life of plants : fine root dynamics in northern ecosystems

Blume-Werry, Gesche January 2016 (has links)
Fine roots constitute a large part of the primary production in northern (arctic and boreal) ecosystems, and are key players in ecosystem fluxes of water, nutrients and carbon. Data on root dynamics are generally rare, especially so in northern ecosystems. However, those ecosystems undergo the most rapid climatic changes on the planet and a profound understanding of form, function and dynamics of roots in such ecosystems is essential. This thesis aimed to advance our knowledge about fine root dynamics in northern ecosystems, with a focus on fine root phenology in natural plant communities and how climate change might alter it. Factors considered included thickness and duration of snow cover, thawing of permafrost, as well as natural gradients in temperature. Experiments and observational studies were located around Abisko (68°21' N, 18°45' E), and in a boreal forest close to Vindeln (64°14'N, 19°46'E), northern Sweden. Root responses included root growth, total root length, and root litter input, always involving seasonal changes therein, measured with minirhizotrons. Root biomass was also determined with destructive soil sampling. Additionally, aboveground response parameters, such as phenology and growth, and environmental parameters, such as air and soil temperatures, were assessed. This thesis reveals that aboveground patterns or responses cannot be directly translated belowground and urges a decoupling of above- and belowground phenology in terrestrial biosphere models. Specifically, root growth occurred outside of the photosynthetically active period of tundra plants. Moreover, patterns observed in arctic and boreal ecosystems diverged from those of temperate systems, and models including root parameters may thus need specific parameterization for northern ecosystems. In addition, this thesis showed that plant communities differ in root properties, and that changes in plant community compositions can thus induce changes in root dynamics and functioning. This underlines the importance of a thorough understanding of root dynamics in different plant community types in order to understand and predict how changes in plant communities in response to climate change will translate into root dynamics. Overall, this thesis describes root dynamics in response to a variety of factors, because a deeper knowledge about root dynamics will enable a better understanding of ecosystem processes, as well as improve model prediction of how northern ecosystems will respond to climate change.
22

Species-specific fine root biomass, morphology and dynamics of six co-occurring deciduous tree species in the Hainich National Park and a conifer tree species at the alpine treeline

Kubisch, Petra 09 September 2015 (has links)
No description available.
23

Physiologische, anatomische und chemische Aspekte der Regulation der Wurzelwasseraufnahme bei Rotbuche, Kiefer und Birke auf zwei unterschiedlich wasserversorgten Standorten / Physiological, anatomical and chemical aspects of the regulation of water uptake by beech, pine and birch roots in two different watersupplying locations

Burk, Doris 03 May 2006 (has links)
No description available.
24

Ecologia funcional de árvores na Mata Atlântica = o papel de atributos morfológicos, grau de exposição da copa e altitude sobre o uso de água das espécies / Functional ecology of trees at the Atlantic Rain Forest : the roleof morphological attributes, crown exposure and altitude on water use

Rosado, Bruno Henrique Pimentel 17 August 2018 (has links)
Orientadores: Marcos Pereira Marinho Aidar, Rafael Silva Oliveira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T23:16:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosado_BrunoHenriquePimentel_D.pdf: 5546425 bytes, checksum: c44175517f96f35f31d721d7439b5cfa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O entendimento de como espécies de plantas utilizam água, requer a caracterização dos fatores que afetam o fluxo de água no contínuo solo-planta-atmosfera (SPA). Desta forma, esta tese reúne trabalhos nos quais investiguei como variações no uso de água de espécies arbóreas na Floresta Atlântica estão relacionadas a atributos morfológicos, grau de exposição da copa (EC) e à variação de fatores abióticos em função da altitude na Mata Atlântica. As altitudes estudadas, 100 e 1000 metros de altitude acima do nível do mar, correspondem às Florestas Ombrófila Densa de Terras Baixas (FODTB) e Montana (FODM). A maior radiação solar (RS) e demanda evaporativa do ar (DPV) associada à menor pressão atmosférica na FODM favoreceriam uma maior transpiração, criando situações de maior vulnerabilidade à variação na disponibilidade hídrica. No entanto, não se pode descartar que mesmo espécies que co-ocorrem em um mesmo ambiente podem apresentar diferentes capacidades de regular o uso de água devido ao papel de atributos morfofisiológicos sobre o SPA. Foram estudados alguns dos componentes do contínuo SPA tais como a densidade de comprimento de raízes finas (DCR) e repelência hídrica foliar (RHF), além de medidas diretas de fluxo de água do xilema. Variações em atributos funcionais e seu reflexo no uso de água das espécies se deram em função da EC e da variação dos fatores abióticos conforme aumento da altitude. Maiores DCR e RHF na FODM; regulação da transpiração noturna na FODM além de menores condutâncias totais associadas a atributos morfológicos indicaram ajustes associados ao uso da água. Estes resultados trazem novas contribuições para o entendimento do funcionamento de floresta tropicais chuvosas ao evidenciar que luz e nutrientes não podem ser considerados como os únicos fatores limitantes destes ambientes / Abstract: Understanding how different plant species and / or functional types use water requires characterization of the factors that affect the continuous soil-plant-atmosphere (SPA). This thesis presents a number of studies in which I investigated how changes in water use of tree species in the Atlantic Forest are related to morphological attributes, crown exposure (CE) and the variation of abiotic factors as a function of altitude in the Atlantic. The altitudes studied, 100 and 1000 meters above sea level, correspond to the lowland ombrophilous dense forest (LODF) and Montane (MODF). Potentially, the higher solar radiation, higher vapor pressure déficit and lower atmospheric pressure at the MODF, would drive higher transpiration rates leading to higher vulnerability to variation in water availability in comparison to the LODF. However, we can not disregard that even co-occurring species may show different abilities to regulate water use due to the role of morpho-physiological traits on the SPA. Were studied components that are part of the continuum SPA such as fine root length density (RLD), which indicates efficiency water absorption, leaf water repellency (LWR) and wood density, besides measurements of sap flow. Variations in functional attributes and its reflection on water use species that have were associated to CE and the variation of abiotic factors according to altitude. Higher RLD and LWR at the MODF; regulation of nighttime transpiration at the MODF and trend of lower total conductance in relation to the LODF indicate adjustments associated with the water use. These results provide important contributions to understanding tropical rain forest functioning and indicate that light and nutrients can not be considered as the only limiting factors at these environments / Doutorado / Biologia Vegetal / Doutor em Biologia Vegetal
25

QUANTIFICAÇÃO DAS RAÍZES FINAS EM UM POVOAMENTO DE Pinus taeda L., NA REGIÃO DOS CAMPOS DE CIMA DA SERRA, RS / QUANTIFICATION OF FINE ROOTS IN A Pinus taeda L. STAND IN CAMPOS DE CIMA DA SERRA REGION, RS

Lopes, Vicente Guilherme 20 February 2009 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study was conducted at Campos de Cima da Serra physiographic region, Cambará do Sul, RS, Brazil. The objectives of these study were: to comparatively quantify, the length and the biomass of fine roots (≤ 2,0 mm) inside the soil and in the litter and relate comparatively, soil chemical and physical variables in a Pinus taeda L., with 15 years of age, stand, implanted in a 3 x 2 m spacing, in 1993 and in a native grass area close to it. Samples were obtained through the use of monoliths methods described by Böhm (1979), based on the digging 3 monoliths (25 cm x 25 cm x 40 cm each), distributed inside the stand and 3 in native grass area. Roots were separated from the soil through washing and catching; after they were distributed over a white sheet of paper, where with a digital camera supported by a support with fixed height, 2.045 images were obtained. With the aid of the software, the images were processed to quantify roots length. After this procedure, the roots were dried in an oven and then weighed for biomass determination. Fine roots total length in Pinus stand, in 40 cm soil profile, including litter layer, was 68413 km ha-1, where the most part of them was concentrated in the first 20 cm and in the litter. In native grass area, the total length in 40 cm soil profile, was 173550 km ha-1, 42,82% (74313 km ha-1) of the total length is concentrated in the layer 0 10 cm. The roots density in native grass is 234, 28% higher than in Pinus. In Pinus until 40 cm depth, 3,52 Mg ha-1 was counted for fine roots biomass. Native grass showed 5,628 Mg ha-1, almost twice of fine roots biomass in Pinus. In both areas, soil chemical conditions, showed correlation with roots length and biomass. In Pinus, the main factors were P>K>V>Mg>Ca, on the other hand, in native grass area, the main factors were P>K>Ca>Mg>V. The great presence of fine roots in Pinus litter is important for cycling process, nutrients and water availability. After forest harvesting, litter and residues layer should remain, aiming the maintenance of soil productive potential. / O presente estudo foi realizado no município de Cambará do Sul, RS, Brasil. Os objetivos do trabalho foram: quantificar comparativamente, o comprimento e a biomassa de raízes finas (≤ 2,0 mm) no solo e na serapilheira e relacionar comparativamente, variáveis químicas e físicas do solo em um povoamento de Pinus taeda L., com 15 anos de idade, e uma área de campo adjacente. A obtenção das amostras foi realizada através do método de monolitos descrito por Böhm (1979), a partir da escavação de 3 monolitos de 25 cm x 25 cm x 40 cm em cada área. As raízes foram separadas do solo através de lavagem e catação e, na seqüência, foram distribuídas sobre uma folha de papel branca, onde com o auxílio de uma câmera digital, apoiada em um suporte de altura fixa, obtiveram-se 2.045 imagens digitais. Com o auxilio de um software, as imagens foram processadas para quantificação do comprimento das raízes. Após, as raízes foram secas em estufa e, depois, pesadas para determinação da biomassa. O comprimento total de raízes finas no Pinus, no perfil de 40 cm do solo, incluindo-se a camada de serapilheira, foi de 68412 km ha-1, sendo que, a maior parte dessas se concentrou nos primeiros 20 cm de profundidade e na serapilheira. Na área de campo, o comprimento total de raízes finas, no perfil de 40 cm do solo, foi de 173550 km ha-1, 42,82% (74313 km ha-1) desse comprimento localiza-se na camada de 0 - 10 cm de profundidade. A densidade de raízes no campo é 234,28% maior do que no Pinus, destacando-se a camada de 0 - 10 cm, onde ocorreu a maior diferença. No Pinus até a profundidade de 40 cm, foram contabilizados 3,52 Mg ha-1 para biomassa de raízes finas. A área de campo apresentou 5,63 Mg ha-1, ou seja, praticamente o dobro da biomassa de raízes finas presente no Pinus. Nas duas áreas, as condições químicas do solo apresentaram maior correlação com o comportamento do comprimento e biomassa de raízes. No Pinus, destaca-se como principais fatores o P>K>V>Mg>Ca, por outro lado, na área de campo, destacam-se P>K>Ca>Mg>V. A grande presença de raízes finas na serapilheira do Pinus destaca a importância desta camada no processo de ciclagem, disponibilização de nutrientes e água. Após a colheita florestal, deve-se manter a camada de serapilheira e dos resíduos produzidos durante essa atividade, visando à manutenção do potencial produtivo do solo.
26

Estoque e produção de raiz fina ao longo de um gradiente altitudinal de Floresta Atlântica na Serra do Mar, São Paulo, Brasil / Fine root stock and production along an elevational gradient of Atlantic Forest at Serra do Mar, São Paulo, Brazil

Silva, Cinthia Aparecida, 1985- 27 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Carlos Alfredo Joly / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T11:49:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_CinthiaAparecida_M.pdf: 9588877 bytes, checksum: dbff1b6c72dbd211b47263ed9583a74c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: As florestas tropicais estão entre os ecossistemas terrestres mais diversos e produtivos do planeta, embora ocorram sob solos pobres. Para superar essa condição as plantas adaptam a si mesmas para alocarem biomassa adicional a órgãos onde os recursos são limitantes. Alguns desses órgãos são as raízes finas, raízes responsáveis pela absorção de água e nutrientes do solo. Elas representam um elevado custo de produção para as plantas, mas importante fonte de carbono para o solo. Devido as variações na disponibilidade de recursos influenciarem o estoque e a produção de raízes finas, as expectativas foram de que: i) o estoque e a produção anual de raízes finas aumentariam com a elevação da altitude; ii) a produção de raízes finas seria maior nos períodos de menor umidade; iii) haveria maior biomassa de raiz fina na porção superficial do solo (0-10 cm); iv) o uso de menores tempos de coleta em porções de solo pequenas não afetaria a acurácia do método escolhido. Para testar essas suposições, foram selecionados cinco hectares de Floresta Atlântica conservada. As informações sobre estrutura, composição florística e características do solo foram obtidas de estudos prévios. Em cada um desses hectares, foram instalados 16 coletores para o monitoramento da produção trimestral de raízes finas. O menor estoque e produção total de raízes finas foi encontrado na Floresta Ombrófila Densa Submontana e o maior na Floresta Ombrófila Densa Montana. Os períodos das maiores produções coincidiram com os das maiores temperaturas e precipitações acumuladas e a maior biomassa de raízes finas foi observada na camada de 0-10 cm. A adaptação do método não influenciou significativamente na amostragem das raízes finas. A variável que mais explicou a produção anual foi o conteúdo de água no solo. Com base De acordo com tais resultados, a conclusão foi que as variações climáticas ao longo do gradiente altitudinal não determinaram diretamente o estoque de raízes finas, mas as variações sazonais influenciaram na produção. Quaisquer alterações que venham a ocorrer nas taxas de precipitação, poderão assim, desencadear mudanças significativas na maneira como a Floresta Atlântica aloca carbono, investindo mais em raízes finas do que nos demais órgãos / Abstract: Tropical forests are among the most diverse and productive ecosystems on the planet, however they occur in poor soils. To overcome this condition plants adapt themselves allocating additional biomass to organs where resources are limiting. Some of these organs are the fine roots, roots responsible for absorbing water and nutrients from the soil. They represent a high cost of production to the plants, but at the same time, they are an important source of carbon to the soil. Variations in the resources available can influence stock and production of fine roots and because of that, the expectation was that: i) fine root stock and annual production would increase with elevation; ii) fine roots production would be higher in periods of lower moisture; iii) a higher fine roots biomass would be found in the superficial soil layer (0-10 cm); iv) the use of a short time of sampling in smaller soil portions should not affect the accuracy of the chosen method. To test these hypotheses five plots located in Atlantic Forest along an elevation gradient were selected. The information about the forest structure, floristic composition and soil traits were known from previous studies. Each individual plot had 16 ingrowth cores were installed to monitor the quarterly production of fine roots. Submontane Forest had the smallest stock and annual production of fine roots, while Montane Forest had the highest ones. Periods of higher production coincide with higher temperatures and accumulated rainfall. The first layer of soil, from zero to 10 cm, had the highest fine roots biomass. The method adaptation did not significantly influence the fine roots sampling. The soil water content was the variable which best explained annual production. According to the research results, the conclusion achieved was that the fine roots stock is not directly influenced by climatic variation over elevation, but the seasonal variation influenced the fine roots production. Any possible changes in precipitation rates, may thus trigger significant changes in the way that Atlantic Forest allocates carbon, investing more in fine roots that in other organs / Mestrado / Biologia Vegetal / Mestra em Biologia Vegetal
27

A phylogenetic perspective on fine root ecology: assessing the role of root evolution on fine root functional traits and ecological interactions in woody angiosperms.

Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar Jesus 06 December 2013 (has links)
No description available.
28

The impact of forest disturbance on the fine root system of a tropical forest on Sulawesi, Indonesia / Zum Einfluss von Waldstörung auf das Feinwurzelsystem eines Regenwaldes auf Sulawesi, Indonesien

Harteveld, Marieke 03 May 2007 (has links)
No description available.
29

The effects of climate change on fine root dynamics in a Norway spruce forest / Die Auswirkungen von Klimawandel auf Feinwurzeldynamik in einem Fichtenbestand

Gaul, Dirk 01 August 2008 (has links)
No description available.
30

Root morphology of co-occurring African fruit tree species with contrasting strategies of exploration and exploitation. / Wurzelmorphologie koexistierender afrikanischer Obstbäume mit unterschiedlichen Strategien der Exploration und Exploitation

Oppelt, Armin L. 09 May 2003 (has links)
No description available.

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