金融科技(Financial Technology, FinTech)創新了金融業的經營模式。除了不斷更新金融體系，更升級為平臺架構，結合創新網路經營模式；並持續改善創造利潤及業績，使企業能在瞬息萬變的數位時代，掌握「贏」的契機。 同為華人文化的社會，台灣與香港的金融產業發展的基礎不同，在面臨國內及國際間金融科技與營運管理的變局時，顯現出台港在金融科技產業的位階有差異。香港這兩年在FinTech的創新展現其經營的潛力，可否給步伐緩慢的台灣提供參考。本文在概略敘述金融科技領域相關內涵之外，分析台灣金融科技創新時可能面臨的挑戰。具體的研究問題與目的有二，台港金融科技經營發展模式的差異與台港兩地發展金融科技創新策略的比較。 本研究以文獻收集分析為主要研究方法，敘述兩地金融及資訊科技的背景，並對金融科技的現況加以比較分析。從金融科技投資成功的要素，以及台港推展FinTech策略及初創公司的成果，比較並分析其管理監督體系、發展之重心以及平臺經濟營運實務，剖析投資招募有何值得借鏡之處。台港兩地的發展也受到國際的影響造成投資策略與風險考量產生差異。台灣明顯重視資訊安全，並將之提高到中央總統府層級，香港則以商務發展為重點。數十年來台灣資訊科技創新能量雖較香港為優，然而金融系統保守是其缺點；執政機構及相關業者只要能掌握金融科技的精要，在風險可控的前提下，開啟一個全新的大門，讓金融業、科技業、服務業、農業等都能投入，結合不同專業領域的技術、思維、精神與傳統金融業結合，就可能有創新的金融科技服務商品。 建議擷取香港對國際開大門的成功經驗，建立能與各金融中心接軌的金融科技體系，並參考香港吸收大陸創新專案進入監理沙盒驗證的快速發展做法，嘗試兩岸產業融合發展的新商機與新思路路線，發揮彼此的強項，以擴增金融科技創新產品的利基。讓創新驗證完成的業者能掌握創業契機，給台灣在繼資訊工業之後，再一次站上全球產業新浪頭的機會。 / The business model of financial industry has been innovated by financial Technology (FinTech). In addition, the financial system is also up-to-date and platform architecture is upgrading provided as an end-to-end process via the Internet. These newly developed financial services combine with innovative business models and continuously improve the profitability and performance so that enterprises may grasp the opportunities of “win” in a rapidly changing digital era. With similar Chinese culture, the bases of financial industry in Taiwan and Hong Kong are different. Facing the changing situation of FinTech and the operation at domestic and international, there are differences of Hong Kong and Taiwan in the FinTech level. These two years, the innovation in Hong Kong has exhibited their potential at FinTech, can this provide a reference for the slow developing Taiwan? In this paper, we focus the description of current situations and analyze the challenges of FinTech innovation to Taiwan. There are two aims for this research, a comparison in the modes of operation, and the innovation strategies of FinTech between Taiwan and Hong Kong. We collected literatures about FinTech especially in these two places as a main research method, compareing the status of FinTech. We also analyzed the successful elements of investment in strategies and financial startups, and illustrated the achievements of promotion. The management and supervision system of promotion in FinTech are compared also, focused on the platform economic operation. From the information above, it is worth for learning from investment offerings. We found the influences from international FinTech also caused differences in the investment strategy and risk considerations. Taiwan emphasizes information security and raises it to the level of the presidential management. Hong Kong focuses on business development. Although IT innovation in Taiwan is superior to Hong Kong for decades, the conservative financial system is its own shortcomings. As long as the governing agency and related industry master the essentials of FinTech and open a whole new door under the control of risk, let financial industry, science and technology industry, service industry and even agriculture be invested. Combining different fields of specialists with the traditional financial industry, innovative FinTech services may be constructed. It suggestes that Taiwan should take the successful experience of Hongkong, opening up to the outside world and set up a FinTech system that can connect to other international financial centers. A new opportunity for Taiwan will be expand the niche of FinTech innovation products. Those who have completed the verification of innovation in Sandbox can seize the opportunity. Taiwan may also step onto the global industrialized wave of FinTech after the information industry. Keywords: FinTech, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Investment Strategy, FSC, Supervision Sandbox

Research on financial decision aids, systems designed to help people make financial decisions, is sparse. Previous research has often focused on the theoretical soundness of the advice that the systems provide.The original contribution of this doctoral thesis is a set of empirical studies of how non-expert people understand the advice provided by financial decision aids. Since every piece of advice must be interpreted by a receiver, the accuracy of the advice can be corrupted along the way if the receiver does not understand complicated terminology, probabilistic reasoning, or abstract concepts.The design concept resulting from the studies visualizes a unique combination of short-term and long-term variables that are usually treated as separate and not interacting with each other; loans and amortizations, insurance, retirement saving, and consumption. The aim is to visualize the consequences of different decisions and possible adverse events in terms of their effect on the user’s future consumption, rather than abstract numbers detached from the user’s lived experience.The design concept was tested and evaluated by personal finance experts and professional financial advisors, as well as students and people without financial education, who represented the target users of the system. Results indicate that the system has a learning curve, but that once users understand how to read the graph, they find it more informative than conventional financial planning tools. / <p>QC 20170809</p>

本研究主旨是希望提供一個智能金融演算法交易平台，以Django CMS作為網頁框架，區分成研發環境與交易環境，完整的功能包含用戶研發、用戶測試以及使用演算法服務。用戶研發與測試上採用IPython的互動式開發介面，利用JupyterHub進行管理與配置，能夠同時提供多個用戶存取平台，使得平台足以負載大規模用戶的使用；而演算法服務經由Celery包裝成任務，以利交付給後台進行分散式運算。搭上近年來深度學習的熱潮，平台額外擴充Tensorflow套件與GPU建置，支援多核及高速演算法運算。 面對存取大量、複雜且結構化的金融資料，本研究的資料庫採用HAWQ做為解決方案，利用其極大量平行化的架構，改善過往存取大數據所造成的系統複雜性與效能瓶頸，並搭配Ambari達到創建、監視及管理Hadoop分散式集群的功用，讓開發者在部署與維運上都將事半功倍。 由於採用新的資料庫HAWQ，傳統的資料表設計將不利反傷，因此本研究會針對程式端存取資料庫裡的金融資料，量身打造適合的資料表設計，並對其做效能評測，以確保資料能有效且迅速地被程式所取用。 / The purpose of this research is to provide a smartly algorithmic trading platform with financial data. I use Django CMS as a web framework and consisting of Develop environment and Trade environment. The entire functions of the platform include “User Research and Development”,” User Testing” and “Algorithmic Services”. “User Research and Development” and “User Testing” using IPython interactive development interface, with JupyterHub management and configuration, can simultaneously provide multiple user accessing and make the platform enough to support more and more users; “Algorithmic Services” using Celery to package algorithms into tasks can facilitate the delivery to the Server for distributed computing. By means of the growth of Deep Learning in recent years, the platform adds extra Tensorflow and GPU deployment to support multi-core and high-speed algorithm computing. In face of accessing large number of complex and structured financial data, I choose HAWQ as the database in this research. Its extremely massively parallel processing can alleviate the complexity of system and the bottlenecks of efficiency caused by accessing massive number of data. Combing HAWQ with Ambari can achieve the functions of creation, monitoring and management of Hadoop distributed cluster. The developers will do much more easily in deployment and maintenance. The traditional table design may not fit in with the new database HAWQ, so this research will design appropriate table, and evaluate its performance to ensure that data can be accessed effectively and quickly from programs.

P2P個人網路借貸(Peer-to-Peer Lending)平台，即為媒合個人對個人借貸的網路平台；有閒置資金者，可透過網路平台，挑選自己願意資助的對象，將資金借給資金需求者，以獲得報酬；資金需求者，則可利用此網路平台，尋找願意提供資金者，以滿足借款需求。其中，借款利率由P2P借貸平台業者依據其計算方式評估訂定；因此，對投資人來說，P2P借貸平台成為另類的理財管道；對借款者來說，則成為新興的融資方式。2016年可說是台灣P2P網路借貸元年，LnB信用市集、鄉民貸等P2P借貸平台相繼成立，設計差異化的營運模式，提供台灣大眾新型態的借貸與投資服務。 本研究以個案式的實務分析及驗證，運用平台策略的相關理論為基礎，並以商業模式之要素作為分析架構，探討個案公司LnB信用市集、鄉民貸及FundPark創辦人創建平台時的動機與目標，如何增進平台參與者互動，替用戶解決問題，並共同創造價值。因此，本研究之研究問題總結如下： (一)台灣P2P借貸平台發展之可能性。 (二)個案公司P2P借貸平台營運模式於台灣發展遇到的問題及比較。 / The Peer-to-Peer lending platform (P2P lending platform will be used as the abbreviation in the following section) the practice of lending money to individuals through online services that match lenders with borrowers. Investors holding idle capital can choose the target on the website to lend money and gain higher returns; while the borrowers’ funding needs can be satisfied by the mechanism of the P2P lending platform. Thus, the P2P lending platform has transformed the traditional idea that finance has to be handled through financial institutions. The P2P lending industry in Taiwan have been developed since 2016, the first and second P2P lending companies: Lend & Borrow(LnB信用市集) , Lend(鄉民貸) were founded during 2015 and 2016, which were devoted to offering reasonable interest rates for lenders and borrowers. Based on the concept of platform strategy and the factors of business model, this study investigates the object and the motivation of the founders when they founded the P2P lending companies, and discusses how they increased the interaction of the players in the platform ecosystem, with the case study of P2P lending companies--Lend & Borrow(LnB信用市集) , Lend(鄉民貸) and FundPark. Therefore, the research questions of this study are as follows: 1.The practicability of the P2P lending platform in Taiwan. 2.The comparison of the business model, and the obstacles that the P2P lending companies faced in Taiwan.

金融科技正在全世界盛行，因應時代潮流趨勢，也推出新的金融服務與因而衍生出智慧型手機的行動服務。隨著科技的演進與變化促使產業陸續往前發展，而金融與科技的交鋒，再次把金融創新推向另一個新的競爭起點與啟動新的經濟系統，在傳統桌上電腦漸漸被平板電腦及智慧型手機取代之際，科技的擴展已在金融業產生不可阻擋的力量。金融科技若可藉此改善客戶之服務、重視風險之管理、提升經營之效率、降低營運之成本，將可能被大家所能接受。然而，傳統金融業採用新技術的速度很難與新生金融科技公司相抗衡，而客戶的需要不再只是實體營業據點，而是金融科技的功能與特色，這一切帶動了如同爆炸式的金融業環境的改變與產生新的競爭面相。 世界經濟論壇將金融科技分為六大類，支付(Payment)、保險(Insurance)、存放款(Deposit & Lending)、資本募集(Capital Raising)、投資管理(Investment Management)及市場資訊供應(Market Provision)。隨著金融環境的變化，探討金融科技的創新。本文分析探討台灣FinTech的未來可能發展。本研究總結，建議放寬金融行業數位化與線上服務及允許金融業轉投資金融科技相關產業外，更應該以具體政策與法規環境，鼓勵金融科技相關新創事業。另外，就法規方面而言，我國的法規仍然相對嚴格，且存在較多的管制。期許未來金融科技辦公室在制定金融科技發展策略時，能以金融科技生態系統的宏觀角度來思考，為金融科技新創事業的發展，創造有利的法規環境。政治大學商學院開始有金融科技相關課程，送政大學生去美國矽谷實習擁抱國際，台灣更需要的是「人才的培養」。把臺灣變成亞洲人工智慧的重要研發中心，來迎戰數位時代的來臨。 / Everybody talks about FinTech these days. Everything is changed very quickly. The bank is no longer a "place" but "something you do." Evolution and changes in technology have prompted the industry move forward, while the Financial and Technology confrontation, again another financial innovations to new competition and start a new starting point Economic systems, personal computers gradually replace the Tablet PC and smartphone occasion, the spread of technology has in the banking industry unstoppable force. We really need to learn how technology affects us in this changing world. The study is to investigate the evolution and development of FinTech. World Economic Forum make FinTech into six parts. Payment, Insurance, Deposit & Lending, Capital Raising, Investment Management and Market Provision. The study focus on the financial environment changes, explores innovative financial technology. Analysis of the actual situation at home and abroad using the FinTech explores Taiwan FinTech possible future development. The study make a conclusion that the most important thing we have to do now is to make a better law and give young people a chance to study FinTech and to let young people have a chance to try to startup a new FinTech company. Young people, so called, “Digital Generations” has to consolidate the core value of the financial technology. Hope more and more students can go to Silicon Valley to learn how the financial technology works there.

El presente trabajo de investigación describe a las Fintech orientadas al segmento de créditos personales para millennials en Perú. Las Fintech o financieras tecnológicas son plataformas que brindan préstamos en línea de montos menores que fluctúan entre S/. 500 y S/. 3000 y hasta en 6 cuotas. Los préstamos analizados están orientados a millennials en su mayoría estudiantes y recién egresados con pocos ingresos e historial crediticio de Lima Metropolitana. El ecosistema Fintech es amplio, encontrándose en este, empresas tecnológicas con modelos de negocios disruptivos que buscan democratizar el acceso a servicios de calidad sin importar distancias y/o conocimientos y en el que se encontrará una web amigable, con información transparente. El estudio cuantitativo demostró que los millennials conocen de préstamos en línea, aunque muy pocos han aplicado a una de estas ya que la principal entidad a la que acuden para solicitar un préstamo son los bancos, así mismo el estudio cualitativo mostró que la solicitud de crédito de los millennials son capital de trabajo, consolidación de deudas y pago de algún imprevisto puntual. La investigación demostró como las Fintech brindan oportunidades a millennials promoviendo la bancarización y por consecuencia la inclusión financiera de estos que actualmente es sólo un 39%; además de ir creando un historial crediticio que a futuro les permitirá acceder a productos más eficientes y competitivos. Se logró determinar que el papel de la Fintech influye favorablemente en la inclusión financiera de millennials mediante créditos personales en el Perú, durante el periodo 2018. / This paper describes the main orientations to the personal lending segment for millennials in Peru. The fintech or financial technology are online platforms that provide smaller amounts of money which fluctuate between S /. 500 and S /. 3000 and up to 6 installments. The analyzed loans are focus on millennials, mostly students and graduates with low income and credit history from Lima. The Fintech ecosystem is wide, with disruptive business models seeking to democratize the access to quality services no matter distances and lack of knowledge because you can enter to these platforms from a smartphone and you will see in a friendly web, with transparent information for any user. The quantitative study showed that millennials know about online lending websites, although few have been applied because the place where they go to request a loan are the banks; moreover, the qualitative study give us great lights about the reasons of Credit requests from millennials; for instance, working capital, consolidation of debts and payment of some unforeseen event. The research demonstrated how Fintech provided opportunities for millennials despite of the characteristics of this age group, promoting the access to banking services and therefore the financial inclusion of these population which is currently only 39%; beside the opportunity of getting a credit history that allow you can access to efficient and competitive products. It was possible to determine that the role of Fintech favorably influences the financial inclusion of millennials through personal loans in Peru, during the 2018 period. / Tesis

In recent years, new technologies have led to disruption and change within most industries, resulting in the emergence of digitally-born start-ups. The purpose of this thesis is to complement the scarce theory about what the drivers of business model adaptation in start-ups consist of and how the adaptation process is managed to stay competitive. The findings not only provide theoretical contributions, but can also help managers to steer their start-upsthrough the growth phase.The research is set within the realms of business model theory in the strategic management field. An exploratory study with a qualitative, inductive approach was chosen to gain insights into the business model dynamics of nine firms from the fintech and healthtech industries.The results showed that foreign market adaptation, industry dynamics, funding, and legislation are perceived challenges, whereas legislation and exogenous shocks are opportunities that drive business model adaptation in start-ups. The business model elements of strategic decision-making, resources and capabilities, and network and partners were found to be integral to the adaptation process, as their core components not only need to be adapted to the environment but also aligned with each other. Those components should be revised in an iterative trial-and-error process driven by feedback.

Esta investigación presenta las diversas perspectivas que se han establecido en la academia respecto al financiamiento de las mype, considerando la importancia de las decisiones financieras, basadas en variables como al género, la edad-tamaño y las condiciones del crédito. Se identifican los factores que tienen mayor influencia para el acceso al crédito, como son los actores sociales, quienes vinculan la acción social y ambiental para lograr la sostenibilidad; el ciclo de vida de la empresa, que permite la identificación de actividades estratégicas para solicitar el financiamiento idóneo; el capital, que refleja el valor actual de la empresa para impulsar la inversión y la tecnología que es cada vez más innovadora en el mercado global. Todas ellas no solo logran el crecimiento de las unidades de negocio si no que también contribuyen con el desarrollo del país. El financiamiento de las mype y su adaptación a las circunstancias es distinto para cada empresario; por ello, se clasifica en financiamiento formal, que contribuye al cumplimiento de las normatividad y acceso a oportunidades de exportación; financiamiento informal, que no requiere de procesos burocráticos y la disponibilidad del dinero es inmediata; además del crédito comercial, que no solo es flexible y práctico, sino que también tiene validez legal. Asimismo, se destaca el posicionamiento de las Fintech como una nueva forma digital de obtener financiamiento con beneficios atractivos para aquellos que no califican al crédito tradicional. / This research explains the various perspectives that have been established in academia regarding the financing of SMEs, considering the importance of financial decisions, based on variables such as gender, age-size and credit conditions. The factors that have the greatest influence on access to credit are identified, such as social actors, who link social and environmental action to achieve sustainability; the life cycle of the company, which allows the identification of strategic activities to request the appropriate financing; capital, which reflects the current value of the company to boost investment and technology, which is increasingly innovative in the global market. All of them not only achieve the growth of the business units but also contribute to the development of the country. The financing of mype and its adaptation to the circumstances is different for each entrepreneur; therefore, it is classified into formal financing, which contributes to compliance with regulations and access to export opportunities; informal financing, which does not require bureaucratic processes and the availability of money is immediate; and commercial credit, which is not only flexible and practical, but also has legal validity. It also highlights the positioning of Fintechs as a new digital way of obtaining financing with attractive benefits for those who do not qualify for traditional credit. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como finalidad desarrollar el Plan de Negocio de una plataforma electrónica de información y elección de ofertantes de factoring para las MIPYME interesadas en financiamiento de ventas mediante oferta de facturas negociables. Esta propuesta se dirige a empresarios de diferentes rubros y cuyos niveles de facturación caracterizan a sus empresas como micro, pequeñas y medianas, especialmente para aquellos que valoran mucho contar con la liquidez de fondos necesarios para financiar sus operaciones al menor costo posible. Para ello se realizó un sondeo el cuál permitió validar nuestra propuesta explicada en este documento, destacando que el 67,3% manifiesta estar muy dispuesto a usar la plataforma “Elige – Factoring”. Para implementar este modelo de negocio se requerirá de una inversión de S/ 105 000 distribuidos en desarrollo de plataforma web, adquisición de bienes de cómputo, campañas de difusión y otros gastos pre-operativos, así como capital de trabajo requerido para financiar las actividades del primer año de operación. Se usará redes sociales y se generará contenido de calidad para desarrollar una estrecha y contínua relación con los clientes. La estrategia del presente plan se basará en la diferenciación y la focalización. Esta solución será la finetch referente de provisión de información de Factoring y de negociación de tasas de descuento de Facturas Negociables en el Perú. A partir del análisis financiero realizado, concluimos que el proyecto tendrá un VAN de de S/133 321,46 y una TIR de 36,7%, luego de 5 años de operaciones, haciéndolo atractivo para invertir. / The purpose of this research work is to develop the Business Plan of an electronic platform of information and choice of factoring bidders for MSME interested in financing sales by offering their negotiable invoices. This proposal is aimed at businessman of different sectors and whose billing levels characterize their companies as micro, small and medium-sized, especially for those who highly value having the liquidity of funds necessary to finance their operations at the lowest possible cost. For this, a poll was carried out which allowed us to validate our proposal explained in this document, highlighting that 67.3% state that they are very willing to use the platform "Elige - Factoring". To implement this business model, its will need an investment of S/ 105 000 distributed in web platform development, acquisition of computer assets, dissemination campaigns and other pre-operational expenses, as well as the working capital required to finance the activities of the first year of operation. Social networks will be used and quality content will be generated to develop a close and continuous relationship with customers. The strategy of this plan will be based on differentiation and targeting. This solution will be the benchmark finetch for the provision of Factoring information and the negotiation of discount rates of Negotiable Invoices in Peru. From the financial analysis carried out, we conclude that the project will have a NPV of S / 133 321,46 and an IRR of 36,7%, after 5 years of operations, making it attractive to invest. / Trabajo de investigación

Esta investigación muestra la factibilidad para la implementación de una Fintech de inclusión financiera denominada Sika Finance. Plataforma tecnológica que permite acceder a una evaluación para otorgar créditos 100% en línea a un público exclusivamente femenino, con el objetivo de crear y facilitar oportunidades de empoderamiento a las mujeres de nuestro país. Es preciso mencionar que la industria en el Perú se encuentra en proceso de crecimiento y aún no se encuentra regulada. El análisis del entorno de la industria indica que es un mercado atractivo y en crecimiento, prueba de ello es que durante el 2020 “el 18% de los USD46 millones colocados en Venture Capitals fueron destinados a la industria de las FinTechs, solo por debajo de EdTech (40%) y comercio electrónico (27%), ambos fundamentales en el contexto del COVID-19”. (Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, 2021) El estudio de mercado muestra que la FinTech se encuentra en gran proyección de desarrollo acelerado. Asimismo, de las encuestas realizadas se obtiene que el 71.54% de mujeres de nuestro público objetivo tiene una habilidad innata del lenguaje y del entorno digital, el avance tecnológico ha provocado que en todos los segmentos de la población adopten la tecnología y accedan al uso de aplicaciones y dispositivos TIC. Por tanto, la presente propuesta se alinea a sus necesidades. Por otro lado, se observa que la preferencia de créditos oscila en importes de S/ 500.00 a S/ 2,000.00 con plazos menor a 12 meses por lo que representa una oportunidad relevante de negocio. / This research shows the feasibility for the implementation of a Fintech Sika Finance for financial inclusion. A technological platform that allows access to an evaluation to grant credits 100% online to an exclusively female audience, intending to create and facilitate empowerment opportunities for women in our country. It is worth mentioning that the industry in Peru is in the process of growth and is not yet regulated. The analysis of the industry environment indicates that it is an attractive and growing market, proof of this is that during 2020 “18% of the USD46 million placed in Venture Capitals went to the FinTech industry, only below EdTech (40%) and electronic commerce (27%), both fundamental in the context of COVID-19 ” (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2021). The market study shows that FinTech is in great projection of accelerated development. Likewise, from the surveys carried out, it is obtained that 71.54% of women in our target audience have an innate capacity for language and the digital environment. Technological advances have caused all segments of the population to adopt technology and access the use of ICT applications and devices. Therefore, this proposal is aligned with your needs. On the other hand, it is observed that the preference for loans ranges between S / 500.00 and S / 2,000.00 with terms of less than 12 months, which represents a relevant business opportunity. / Tesis