Rural Kentucky residents suffer twice as many fire residential deaths than the national average. Fire prevention programs are primarily aimed at elementary school children however these children do not make the decisions nor take the precautions necessary to alter these conditions; their adult parents do. There is little research into the development of fire safety instructional interventions that need to reach these rural at-risk adults. In this study, a well-designed story simulation Uncle Charlie’s Christmas was developed to provide an instructional intervention to prevent injury and fatality from rural residential fires.An intervention-control repeated measure research design was conducted to investigate participants’: (1) exposure to fire hazard risk, (2) the knowledge of risks and (3) safe practices in the event of a fire and also (4) participants’ behavioral intentions to make changes to prevent fire through hazard reduction and to understand decision making in the event of a fire.The Uncle Charlie’s Christmas narrative simulation instructional materials were effective at engaging participants in decision- making situations they might encounter in an actual fire emergency situation. Participants’ responses to the simulation demonstrated knowledge of hazards, however, a sub-group of responses did reveal many ‘bad’ decisions (resulting in failure to exit or other unsafe practices) during the use of the simulation. The Thinking Talking and Acting (TTAS) proxy measure of behavioral intention had high internal reliability at a .93 Chronbach Alpha, demonstrating the utility of the measure for future research. A limitation was a low participation rate (n=52), requiring Wilcoxon non-parametric analyses. There were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups on the pre-post TTAS behavioral change proxy measure. There were significant pre-post (2 week) differences within the intervention group when the Thinking, Talking and Acting scales scores were analyzed. These trends suggest that further research with a robust sample size is needed for a generalizable assessment of the effectiveness of the narrative simulation instructional materials. Low literacy levels of participants suggest alternative audio formats may also improve utility of the instructional approach in real-world community settings to reach those at risk of exposure to rural residential fire hazards.

Autism is a disorder that affects children at an alarming rate. One out of every 88 children is diagnosed with autism in the United States. The disorder is characterized by communication, social, and behavioral deficits. Children with autism often require specialized teaching methods to learn basic skills that most children acquire without specialized instruction. Relatively few studies have examined strategies for teaching safety skills to individuals with autism. The current study utilized a multiple baseline across participants’ design to evaluate whether a modeling and rehearsal strategy is effective for teaching fire safety skills to children with autism between 4 and 5 years of age. Results indicated that modeling and rehearsal were effective in teaching fire safety skills, the skills generalized to novel settings, and maintained 5-weeks following the completion of training. Implications for safety skill instruction and future research are discussed. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2013.

"The primary purpose of this research was to quantify fire suppression and fire intensification phenomena for water spray application to high flash point hydrocarbon oil pool fires. Test data and analyses of the phenomena include the drop size distribution and application and delivered densities of various water sprays, and spray-induced oil cooling and oil splattering for mineral seal oil and for cooking oil 30-cm diameter pool fires. Four different types of tests were conducted as described below. A Dantec Particle Dynamic, phase Doppler, Analyzer was used to measure the water drop sizes and velocities generated by 13 selected nozzles and sprinkler heads. Most measurements were made 0.91 m (3 ft) below the nozzles/sprinklers, since this was the location of the center of the hydrocarbon pool in later fire tests. The correlations for the volume-median drop diameter, dw, were of the form , where D is the nozzle orifice and is the spray Weber number based on D and the nozzle velocity. A ring burner was designed and constructed for uniformly heating oil pool surfaces from above and igniting them. The resulting oil temperatures while the oil was heated to its flash point satisfied the one-dimensional transient heat conduction model for a semi-infinitely thick solid with a shallow heated layer near the surface. Water sprays actuated when the oil surface temperature reached its flash point rapidly cooled the heated layer and caused mixing with the cooler oil below. Fire suppression tests were conducted to determine the relationship between required water spray density, drop size, and oil temperature in order to achieve suppression. A data correlation using non-dimensional parameters was developed to quantify the fire suppression criteria for the high flash point oil fires. Oil pool fires with the higher flash point oils, such as the 291oC flash point soybean oil, could be suppressed with much lower water densities than those of the lower flash point (137oC) mineral seal oil. However, if the water spray drop sizes are sufficiently small, the lower flash point oil fires can also be extinguished with lower spray densities. The NFPA 15 specified critical water density (0.30 gpm/ft2, 12 mm/min) to extinguish high flash point pool fires is only valid for mineral seal oil when the drop size is lower than about 300 µm. It is valid with larger drop sprays only when the flash point of the oil is higher than 190 according to the correlation developed here. Spray-induced pool fire intensification tests were conducted under a fire products calorimeter for measuring heat release rates. Supplemental oil vaporization rate tests were also conducted to determine the contributions of oil vaporization and oil splattering to the intensified fire. Results showed that vaporization could only account for between 1% and 1.7% of the heat release rate in intensified mineral seal oil fires, and less than 1% of the heat release rate in intensified soybean oil fires. The remainder is due to spray-induced oil splattering, which increased with increasing drop Weber number as well as increased oil temperature. The heat release rate is enhanced by factor from 2.12 to 5.55 compared to the heat release rate of free burning cooking oil. For mineral seal oil, this ratio is in the range 0.92 to 1.25 for the spray conditions tested. Correlations with the dimensionless factors of and the Weber number of the water spray were also developed to quantify the ratio of the splattered oil to applied spray density."

Varje år åker Sveriges räddningstjänster på cirka 6000 larm om brand eller brandtillbud i bostäder med följd att även cirka 100 personer omkommer årligen i sina hem. Att det är cirka 100 personer som omkommer varje år är något som ses som ett problem då det oftast är okunskap eller begränsande möjligheter att undsätta sig själv i säkerhet som ligger bakom bränderna och dödsfallen. Att som räddningstjänst utföra hembesök med att åka hem till olika personer och prata om brandskydd och risker i hemmet är något som visats vara väldigt effektivt i Storbritannien. Varje år gör räddningstjänster runt om i Storbritannien cirka 670 000 hembesök i syfte att öka kunskaper och frekvensen av brandvarnare i hemmen. Arbetet med hembesök påbörjades i slutet av 90-talet och har fram tills nu resulterat i att antalet insatser och dödsfall till följd av brand har mer än halverats. I Sverige är det förebyggande arbetet med hembesök inte lika utbrett men flera räddningstjänster har under de senaste åren startat upp och påbörjat genomförandet av hembesök. Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap, MSB, uppmanar fler räddningstjänster i Sverige att påbörja ett förebyggande arbete själva eller tillsammans med andra räddningstjänster för ökad riskmedvetenhet, kunskap och brandvarnarfrekvens i hemmen. Räddningstjänsten Syd är en av räddningstjänsterna i Sverige som arbetat med hembesök under lång tid och som kunnat visa effekter och statistiska skillnader på att hembesök verkligen gör nytta. Räddningstjänsten Syd har visat en nedåtgående trend på antalet insatser och har en lägre genomsnittlig dödsbrandsstatistik än den samlade dödsbrandsstatistiken för övriga Sverige. Rapporten grundar sig i en förstudie och en intervjustudie där 10 intervjuer genomförts med 8 olika räddningstjänster runt om i Sverige. De intervjuade har olika yrkesroller inom räddningstjänsten som antingen arbetat administrativt eller som utförare av hembesök. Hembesök genomförs främst av operativ personal där den skiftgående styrkan ägnar några timmar i veckan eller månaden på hembesök. Hur hembesök påverkar den operativa förmågan upplever samtliga respondenter som positiv då brandmännen får en bra områdesöversikt och grundläggande kunskaper i byggnadens utformning. Kunskaperna kan sedan visas vara värdefull vid eventuella insatser och insatsens verkan. Inställningen till att arbeta förebyggande med hembesök är något som varierar bland den operativa personalen där det upplevs att det finns motståndare till sådana här typer av arbetsuppgifter. Samtliga respondenter anser att hembesök är något som räddningstjänsten ska fortsätta att arbeta med tillsammans med andra förebyggande åtgärder. Hembesök utgör en viktig del i det förebyggande arbetet men att bara fokusera på hembesök är inte rätt lösning enligt många av respondenterna. Att arbeta med mer riktade och anpassade hembesök mot olika riskgrupper i samhället är något som räddningstjänsterna har som målsättning men att det då krävs en bättre samverkan mellan olika kommunala aktörer för arbetets effekt. Många av respondenterna menar att det administrativa arbetet med hembesök är något som är ganska besvärligt och tidskrävande att hantera då det är mycket information och statistiska uppföljningar som behandlas. Tekniska lösningar kopplade till redan befintliga programvaror är något som räddningstjänsterna vill se framöver för att kunna underlätta planering och administrering. Hur arbetet med hembesök ska kunna förbättras för att komma åt dödsbränder i samhället finns det förslag på förbättringsåtgärder, till exempel att i samband med hembesök även arbeta med individanpassat brandskydd eller tillsyner. Tillsyner är något som aldrig görs mot bostäder men som genomförs på hotell, köpcentrum, industrier etc. Individanpassat brandskydd innebär att brandskyddet anpassas efter individens förutsättningar till ett säkert boende exempelvis personer med olika typer av handikapp eller kognitiva nedsättningar.

Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio) / Millions of patients with burns require medical attention each year. Impairments, disabilities and handicap due to burn injuries among children are increasing. One possible reason could be that burn injury prevention were not given as much attention as infectious diseases such as leprosy, and tuberculosis (TB). The purpose of the study was to compile a profile of burn injuries among children aged 0-12 years, who were treated at the Black Lion Hospital (BLH) between 1996 and 2001 in Ethiopia. A retrospective, quantitative study design was chosen. Data was collected from the hospital records of 250 children seen with burn injuries. Clinical data, such as the cause and severity of the burn, and socio-demographic data such as the age of the child and his or her caregivers, their socio-economic status and educational levels, were captured. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses of the data were carried out between socio-demographic variables and the burn injuries. The Chi-squared statistical test was used to identify associations and differences between selected variables. The major causes of thermal burns were hot liquids (63.4%) and flames (36.6%). The highest prevalence of burn injuries occurred in those children in the care of illiterate caregivers (p<0.01). The highest risk environment for burn accidents was identified as the kitchen (p<0.05). Most of the burns (64%) occurred in the children below the age of five years old. This finding was not statistically significant but it is of great clinical importance. Health and safety promotion programmes aimed at carers to minimize the risk of childhood disabilities due to burn injuries are recommended. Caregivers and school children have to be taught to use simple fire prevention procedures to avoid thermal burn injuries. Although the results of this study cannot be generalized, it provides a glimpse of the burn status and causes of thermal burn at BLH. However, in order to get more comprehensive information it is important to obtain information from more hospitals in the country through prospective studies.

Aquesta tesi conté una recerca amb possibilitat de generar una patent, que afecta a "Magnesitas Navarras S.A" / En la presente tesis doctoral se evalúa el potencial de algunos subproductos de magnesio empleados para la formulación de diferentes materiales de construcción y su utilización en diferentes soluciones constructivas. En este sentido, el uso de subproductos industriales para el desarrollo de materiales de construcción potencia criterios de sostenibilidad y beneficios medioambientales asociados a la reutilización de materiales secundarios y a la disminución de actividades extractivas de recursos naturales. La memoria de la presente tesis doctoral se ha estructurado siguiendo el mismo eje conductor desarrollado en la parte experimental del trabajo. Así, ésta incluye una primera parte en la que se detalla el estado del arte referente a los materiales de construcción, así como las soluciones constructivas propuestas. Estas soluciones son, por un lado, el desarrollo de morteros destinados a la protección pasiva frente al fuego (PPF) y, por otro, la formulación de cementos químicos de fosfato (CBPC) de magnesio como material reparador de estructuras de hormigón. Como primer punto del trabajo experimental se ha estudiado y caracterizado exhaustivamente los diferentes subproductos empleados, tanto físico-química como morfológicamente. Esta caracterización preliminar es de gran importancia en el desarrollo de la investigación, dado que, al tratarse de subproductos industriales, no se conocen de antemano las características y las propiedades que éstos presentan, siendo su conocimiento de vital importancia para la correcta consecución de los objetivos establecidos. En el desarrollo experimental de la primera de las soluciones constructivas propuestas, se ha empleado dos subproductos de magnesio [Low-Grade Magnesium Hydroxide (LG-MH) y Low-Grade Magnesium Carbonate (LG-MC)] en la formulación de morteros PPF, utilizando en este caso el cemento Portland convencional como material aglomerante. Ambos subproductos industriales descomponen térmicamente mediante procesos endotérmicos que cubren un amplio rango de temperaturas, retardando así el tiempo necesario para alcanzar una determinada temperatura. En este caso, se han formulado morteros empleando como áridos distintos porcentajes de ambos subproductos, dando lugar a un material con buenas propiedades térmicas y mecánicas, factible de ser utilizado como un mortero PPF. Sin embargo, su utilización como mortero revoco puede verse limitada por la elevada densidad de los áridos utilizados. En este supuesto, puede mejorarse su aplicabilidad añadiendo a los morteros formulados con subproductos de magnesio un árido ligero, como la vermiculita, sin que ello perjudique al resto de propiedades evaluadas. En la consecución de la segunda solución constructiva propuesta, se evalúa la viabilidad del uso como materia prima de otro subproducto de magnesio [Low-Grade Magnesium Oxide (LG-MgO)], en este caso para el desarrollo de cementos químicos de fosfato (CBPC) de magnesio. A tal efecto, se han determinado las propiedades mecánicas de distintas dosificaciones, así como el efecto de un aditivo retardante del fraguado, el ácido bórico (HB), descrito en la bibliografía como retardante de fraguado que permite mejorar la trabajabilidad de los CBPC. Este estudio se ha realizado empleando una herramienta estadística, el diseño de experimentos (DoE), con la finalidad de obtener modelos matemáticos que justifiquen las interacciones entre los distintos componentes de la mezcla y su efecto sobre las propiedades mecánicas y el tiempo de fraguado. Asimismo, el uso del DoE ha de permitir reducir el número de experimentos y establecer el mejor rango de dosificaciones en función de las características deseadas, dando lugar a una formulación adecuada para su utilización en las soluciones constructivas objeto de estudio. Destacar que el uso de LG-MgO en la formulación de CBPC introduce fases inertes no-reactivas contenidas en el propio subproducto, lo que implica que los CBPC desarrollados puedan considerarse como morteros. A partir de los resultados obtenidos se ha seleccionado un pequeño grupo de formulaciones con porcentajes adecuados para evaluar su potencial empleo en el desarrollo de morteros reparadores de estructuras de hormigón. Con este propósito, se han realizado ensayos de adhesión sobre distintos sustratos (hormigón o terrazo) y se ha determinado algunas propiedades requeridas para su uso en la solución constructiva propuesta. La presente tesis doctoral pretende confirmar la viabilidad tecnológica para los distintos campos de aplicación que se han postulado. Sin embargo, no es un objetivo de este estudio el desarrollar un producto final que pueda ser comercializado, sino demostrar su viabilidad gracias al know-how adquirido durante los años de esta investigación, y sentar así las bases para futuros estudios en el desarrollo de materiales de construcción empleando estos subproductos. / The present thesis is focused in the assessment of some magnesium by-products and their potential reutilization for the formulation of different materials for several construction applications. Therefore, the use of industrial by-products for the development of construction materials highlights the sustainability criteria along with the environmental benefits associated with the reutilization of secondary materials whilst diminishing the extractive activities of natural resources. This thesis has been structured following the same pattern for the experimental work. Thus, the first part details the state of the art in what construction materials concerns as well as some of the construction solutions suggested. These solutions are, on the one hand, included in the development of mortars for passive fire protection (PFP) and, on the other hand, in the formulation of chemical bonded phosphate ceramics (CBPC) as a repairing material for concrete structures. The first part presents an exhaustive chemical, physical and morphological characterization of the by-products used. This preliminary characterization is of great importance in the development of the research because of the industrial origin of these by-products. In the first part of the experimental section, the first of the solutions proposed used two types of magnesium by-products [Low-Grade Magnesium Hydroxide (LG-MH) and Low-Grade Magnesium Carbonate (LG-MC)] in the formulation of PFP mortars, using conventional Portland cement as a binder. Both industrial by-products thermally decompose through endothermic processes in a wide range of temperatures, delaying the time needed to achieve a selected temperature. In this case, the mortars were formulated by using different percentages of both by-products as aggregates, obtaining a material with good thermal and mechanical properties and therefore feasible to be used as a PFP mortar. However, its utilization as a sprayed mortar can be limited because of the high density of the aggregates used. In this sense, the practical applicability can be improved by adding a lightweight aggregate such as vermiculite, without diminishing the rest of the assessed properties. Subsequently, in the second part of the experimental section, the viability of another magnesium by-product [Low-Grade Magnesium Oxide (LG-MgO)] is evaluated. In this case, for the development of chemical bonded phosphate ceramics (CBPC). The assessment was made by determining the mechanical properties of different dosages as well as by measuring the effect of a setting-time retarder additive, boric acid (HB), described in the literature as a good additive for this purpose while improving workability as well. This study has been realized by means of a statistical method, the design of experiments (DoE), with the purpose of obtain mathematical models that justify the interactions between different components in the mix and their effect in the mechanical properties and the setting-time. Moreover, the use of DoE enables the reduction in the number of experiments and establishes the best range of dosages as a function of the desired characteristics, giving an optimized formulation to be used in the construction solutions that are object of study. It has to be emphasize that the use of LG-MgO in the formulation of CBPC introduces inert phases that are contained in the by-product itself and that are non-reactive, which implies that the CBPC obtained could be considered as mortars. From the results obtained, a small group of formulations with different percentages was selected to be studied with respect their potential as repairing mortars in concrete structures. Following this objective, adhesion tests were performed over different substrates (concrete or terrazzo) and some of the properties required for their use were determined. The main objective of this thesis is to confirm the technological viability for the different fields of application postulated. However, it is not the main purpose to develop a final product able to be commercialized but to prove the viability by means of the know-how acquired during the years of this research and setting up the base for future studies in the development of construction materials using these by-products.

The aim of this work is to map fire safety in selected hospitals in the capital city of Prague. The main aim is to answer whether is the fire protection by the corporate fire brigade unit considering the vastness of the area and the number of beds measurable benefit for the fire safety of medical facility. Custom work is also examined whether the unit is reduced by the presence of the corporate fire brigades in the hospital requirements for fire protection using dedicated kinds of firefighting equipment. Another part of the research is dedicated to the fact whether is the load of the fire rescue service (FRS) of the capital city of Prague reduced by the presence of the corporate fire rescue service in the hospital and thus has to adjust the area coverage? In the first part of the thesis is summary of the regulations in the area of fire prevention. Above the Law on Fire protection and the Ministry of Interior Decree on fire prevention. There are described in detail obligations of legal entities and individuals, competence and training of fire protection. From the perspective of repression is described by the distribution of fire protection units, and also their rights and obligations. For purposes of this thesis is defined by the fire and method of propagation of fire. This will take the necessary measures to prevent its spread. Solution is also the fire safety of buildings according to the CSN 73 0802 Fire protection of buildings - nonproductive objects. Specifically resistance of structures and the use of fire safety equipment. It is important to define the hospital as a medical facility and its basic characteristics and distribution. They are described in detail in terms of medical facilities and fire safety through technical standard CSN 73 0835 Fire safety of buildings - Buildings for health care facilities. Rated objects are the Motol University Hospital, the University Hospital of Royal Vinohrady and Thomayer Hospital, all with headquarters in Prague. The main criteria for the selection of the hospital's number of beds, number of patients treated and the site area. Another criterion is the number of employees and the difficult conditions for intervention. At first, the comparison parameters hospitals for fire prevention, such as the number of professionally qualified persons, the number of trainees, preventive fire patrols. In the Motol University Hospital are installed sprinkler system and a special spraying equipment and also there is an entity of its own corporate fire rescue brigade. The next section analyzes the number of incidents in each hospital complexes or the number of fires. We found a relatively large number of fires in the Motol University Hospital. And with an average of 5.7 fires per year in the past decade, compared to 0.3 fires in the Thomayer Hospital and 1.0 of fire in the University Hospital of Royal Vinohrady. Space is analyzed with the most complex variant of fire, especially the requirements for forces and resources. The results are compared to their inclusion in areal coverage depending on the degree of danger cadastral municipality. In all three cases, these conditions suit. The result of the research is that the selected areas of hospitals in the capital city of Prague in terms of fire protection are at a very high level. Whereas there is the unit with its own fire protection or not. Its presence is a matter of fire protection concepts during the design of the hospital complex. Establishment of fire protection units in hospitals, where it currently is, would only increase the comfort of visitors and hospital patients on the one hand and financial wastage on the other. Functioning FRS in the Motol University Hospital is an objective benefit for the fire safety of the hospital complex. Analyses of the current state of the recommendation by the FRS of the capital of Prague conduct more tactical exercises, mainly in the hospital where they have their own fire protection unit.

Knowledge of the population to ensure its own security and in areas of population protection and fire protection are the basis of a secure society. For this reason, the implementation of preventive educational activities is one of the tasks of entities active in the field of population protection and fire protection. The diploma thesis focuses on the preventive educational activity realized within individual volunteer fire brigades. Population education and prevention themselves are not, by reason of the great demands on the knowledge and abilities of members, areas that volunteer firefighters would actively pursue. The aim of the thesis is to make preventive educational activities more attractive and to facilitate their implementation, for example by organizing a entertaining educational event for the public. That could be a demonstration of the VFB itself or demonstration of other rescue teams for the public which would contribute to increasing the knowledge of the population in the areas of safety. The fulfillment of the goal of the thesis was accomplished by own realization of a fun learning day and incorporating knowledge from the organizational process, including the planning, preparation and implementation period into the methodological manual, which become a guide for members of voluntary fire brigades, how to organize a preventive educational event. This methodical guide is the main output of the work. The actual realization of the event was preceded by investigation of the legal regulations and other available documents and materials, including an analysis of the historical development of education in the field of population protection. These were then compared with my own knowledge and acquired experience within the event organization, evaluation and advices from those who are engaged in preventive educational activities.

Os incêndios estão presentes na história de várias cidades do mundo e, em algumas delas, chegaram a protagonizar mudanças significativas no desenho urbano e nas características construtivas de suas edificações. No Brasil, o conhecimento sobre segurança contra incêndio em edificações só se tornou assunto de importância após duas grandes tragédias nacionais: os incêndios nos edifícios Andraus (em 1972, com dezesseis mortos) e Joelma (em 1974, com cento e oitenta e nove mortos), ambos na cidade de São Paulo. Atualmente, após a tragédia ocorrida na boate Kiss em Santa Maria - RS em 2013, que culminou com a morte de 242 jovens, muitas alterações nas legislações estaduais de proteção contra incêndio estão sendo sugeridas no Congresso Nacional e nas Assembleias Legislativas Estaduais, porém, em sua maioria, sem respaldo científico e normativo. Juntamente com as mudanças legislativas, muitos produtos e equipamentos surgem diariamente com o objetivo de proteger a vida humana e o patrimônio histórico e cultural. Nesse sentido, surgem as proteções passivas por tintas intumescentes que, conforme se verifica com os resultados desse trabalho, possuem a propriedade de manter o conforto e isolamento térmico adequados, além de manter a resistência a compressão e capacidade máxima de carga dos blocos cerâmicos de vedação em níveis aceitáveis pela norma brasileira, após a exposição direta a chama durante um período de 60 minutos. / Fires are present in the history of cities around the world, and some of them came to star in significant changes in urban design and the construction characteristics of their buildings. In Brazil, the knowledge Fire Safety in buildings only became a matter of importance after two great national tragedies: fires in Andraus buildings (in 1972, with sixteen dead) and Joelma (in 1974 with one hundred eighty-nine dead) both in São Paulo. Currently, after the tragedy at Kiss nightclub in Santa Maria - RS in 2013, which culminated in the death of 242 young people, many changes in state laws fire protection are being suggested in Congress and in State Legislative Assemblies, however, in mostly without scientific and regulatory support. Along with legislative changes, many products and equipment appear daily in order to protect human life and the historical and cultural heritage. In this sense, there are passive protections for intumescent coatings that, as evidenced by the results of this work, have the property to maintain comfort and thermal insulation appropriate, while maintaining resistance to compression and maximum load capacity of sealing ceramic blocks at acceptable levels by the Brazilian standard, after direct exposure to flame for a period of 60 minutes.

Orientador: Armando Lopes Moreno Junior / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T04:09:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeiteJunior_GeraldoSilveira_D.pdf: 5865663 bytes, checksum: d49ee862fe97f6a26434a033e8947468 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Neste trabalho, foi investigado em laboratório o efeito do fogo em colunas esbeltas de aço sem preenchimento e preenchidas com concreto de alta resistência que foram submetidas a três diferentes níveis de carga (30%, 50% e 70%). O nível de carga é a razão entre a carga axial a ser aplicada em situação de incêndio e a carga última obtida no ensaio da coluna à temperatura ambiente. Assim sendo, colunas esbeltas de aço sem preenchimento e preenchidas com concreto de alta resistência também foram investigadas à temperatura ambiente, uma vez que os resultados obtidos nessa situação serviram de referência para o estabelecimento das cargas axiais que foram aplicadas em situação de incêndio. Ao todo, foram investigadas 32 colunas esbeltas, sendo 4 sem preenchimento e 4 preenchidas com concreto de alta resistência em temperatura ambiente. Além dessas colunas, 12 foram ensaiadas sem preenchimento e 12 preenchidas com concreto de alta resistência em situação de incêndio. Os valores experimentais de carga última obtidos com as colunas de aço sem preenchimento e preenchidas com concreto de alta resistência à temperatura ambiente e em situação de incêndio foram comparados a aqueles determinados a partir da formulação proposta respectivamente pelo EUROCODE 3 (prEN 1993-1-1:2001), EUROCODE 4 (prEN1994-1-1:2003), EUROCODE 3 (prEN 1993-1-2:2002) e pelo EUROCODE 4 (prEN1994-1-2:2002), além de outras propostas de pesquisadores que foram encontradas na escassa literatura sobre o assunto. Como parte numérica, os resultados obtidos para as colunas mistas em situação de incêndio foram comparados a aqueles determinados por meio da utilização de dois softwares, que foram o SuperTempCalc e o PotFire. Ao final, observou-se que o preenchimento das colunas esbeltas de aço com concreto de alta resistência, propiciou melhorias significativas no tempo de resistência ao fogo dessas colunas, porém, comprovou-se que, de forma geral, somente as colunas em situação de incêndio que atingiram o tempo mínimo de resistência ao fogo, estipulado tanto no EUROCODE 4 (prEN 1994-1-2:2002), quanto na NBR 14432 (2000) em 30 minutos, foram as que apresentaram os resultados mais satisfatórios. / Abstract: In this work, it was investigated in laboratory the effect of fire in slender steel columns unfilled and filled with high strength concrete submitted to three different levels of axial load (30%, 50% and 70%), which is the relation between the axial load to be applied in fire situation and the ultimate load obtained in the column test to room temperature. So, slender steel columns unfilled and filled with high strength concrete were also investigated to room temperature, once the results obtained in this situation have served of reference to the establishment of axial loads applied in fire situation. Altogether 32 slender columns were tested, being 4 unfilled and 4 filled with high strength concrete in room temperature. Besides these columns, 12 were tested filled with high strength concrete in fire situation and 12 unfilled. The experimental values of ultimate load obtained with steel columns unfilled and filled with high strength concrete to room temperature and in fire situation were compared to those determinated from the formulation proposed by EUROCODE 3 (prEN 1993-1-1:2001), EUROCODE 4 (prEN1994-1-1:2003), EUROCODE 3 (prEN 1993-1-2:2002) and EUROCODE 4 (prEN1994-1-2:2002), besides others researchers' proposals found in scarce literature about the subject. As a numeric part, the results obtained for mixed columns in fire situation were compared to those determinated by means of using two softwares, the SuperTempCalc and the PotFire. At the end, it was observed that the filling of slender steel columns with high strength concrete have provided significant improvement in the time of resistance to fire in these columns, but it was proved that, in general, only the columns in fire situation which reached the minimum time to fire resistance, stipulated in EUROCODE 4 (prEN 1994-1-2:2002), as in NBR 14432 (2000) in 30 minutes, were the ones that have presented the most satisfactory results. / Doutorado / Estruturas / Doutor em Engenharia Civil