Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:04:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Final Tiago.pdf: 1980195 bytes, checksum: eebf14d03dcd2429c42e84939b8f0c03 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-05 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / This dissertation focuses mainly on the universe of the fishing activity in the Central Amazonia. The conflict and collective action in the use of the fishing resources were studied in three rural places belonging to the municipal district of Manacapuru in the State of Amazonas. In order to accomplish it, the description and interpretation of the socio-cultural aspects, which involve the life of the social groups that inhabit the rural areas of the Amazonia, and the symbolic and material meaning that the resources of the ichthyofauna represent in the life of these individuals were not left aside. The research identified that, in reason of the intensification process of the commercial fishing in the Amazonia, social types of fishermen who possess antagonistic habitus and act in a singular way on the fishing resources appeared originating social tensions and litigations. Concomitantly, some social groups of fishermen organized themselves for the purpose of controlling the use and the users of the fishery resources, demonstrating that they do not follow an individualistic and noncommitted logic with the nature. However, the dynamics of the conflicts and of the collective action demonstrates that the dilemmas faced by the fishermen should not be understood as manichaeisms, since the users present interests, rationalities and needs that influence in their appropriation forms and control of the use of the fishing resources. / Esta dissertação se debruça no universo da atividade pesqueira na Amazônia Central. Foram estudadas as relações de conflito e de ação coletiva no uso dos recursos pesqueiros em três localidades rurais pertencentes ao município de Manacapuru no estado do Amazonas. Para isto, não foram perdidos de vista a descrição e interpretação dos aspectos socioculturais que envolvem a vida dos grupos sociais habitantes das zonas rurais da Amazônia e o significado simbólico e material que os recursos da ictiofauna representam na vida destes sujeitos. A pesquisa identificou que, em razão do processo de intensificação da pesca comercial na Amazônia, surgiram tipos sociais de pescadores que possuem habitus antagônicos e atuam de maneira singular sobre os recursos pesqueiros, originando tensões sociais e litígios. Concomitantemente, alguns grupos sociais de pescadores se organizaram no intuito de controlar o uso e os usuários dos recursos haliêuticos, demonstrando que não seguem uma lógica individualista e descomprometida com a natureza. Todavia a dinâmica dos conflitos e da ação coletiva demonstra que os dilemas enfrentados pelos pescadores não devem ser entendidos como maniqueísmos, pois os usuários apresentam interesses, racionalidades e necessidades que influenciam as suas formas de apropriação e controle do uso dos recursos pesqueiros.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:04:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao - Glaucia Maria Quintino Barauna.PDF: 1605585 bytes, checksum: 93c3644e019c2dd9e6678c5d80a07c5a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-22 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / The object of this thesis is to examine government policies and projects that are now being implemented along the Madeira River and extend from the border with Bolivia, passing through the State of Rondônia, to the Amazon. This is an analysis of the plans, projects, and government programs defined for this region, considering their effects on artisanal fishing practices between Humaitá - AM and Porto Velho - RO. I examine the social changes occurring in this region and the social struggles of resistance to these policies, waged by social workers in these municipalities. / O objeto desta dissertação consiste em analisar as políticas governamentais e os projetos que ora estão se instalando na região do Rio Madeira e que se estendem desde a fronteira com a Bolívia, passando pelo Estado de Rondônia, até o Amazonas. Trata-se de uma análise sobre os planos, projetos e programas governamentais definidos para essa região, considerando seus efeitos sobre a prática da pesca artesanal realizada entre Humaitá - AM e Porto Velho - RO. Examino as transformações sociais que ocorrem nessa região e as lutas de resistência a essas políticas, travadas pelos agentes sociais nesses municípios.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T18:20:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Clarissa Lobato da Costa.pdf: 1392819 bytes, checksum: 9ff49d89da37676c1ed441938de43e14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The artisan fishing is one of the main economic activities in the town of Viana. It involves an expressive amount of people daily practicing that activity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the artisan fishing considering the seasonality of the region, approaching the socio-economical and ecological dimensions for the sustainability of the activity. The methodology used was questionnaires and later the following of the fishery unloading to determine the destiny of the fishing product. It was also used the hydro balance calculation to consider fishing sustainable sceneries. The results demonstrated that even having a guaranteed daily food the fisherman is the one who has the lowest financial gain from the activity, living in very poor conditions. It was recorded in Viana Lake the existence of twenty-six species belonging to seventeen families and twenty-four genera. The species Plagioscion squamosissimus (south american silver croaker), Pygocentrus nattereri (red piranha) and Prochilodus nigricans (black prochilodus) occured during the whole year, being meaningful in the captures, while Schizodon vittatus (aracu) and Pimelodus omatus (bloch´s catfish) appeared more frequently in the rainy season. It can also be observed that Hoplias malabaricus (trahira) and Loricariichthys sp (loricaria), known as black fish appeared more frequently in the dry season. This paper presents as an alternative to the sustainability in the region sceneries related to damming up water through building small dams into canals. When it comes to fishing activities, though, investments in aquaculture, to promote the creation of native species in community could be an alternative as the area shows an irregular hydro period. / A pesca artesanal é uma das principais atividades econômicas no município de Viana, envolvendo um contingente expressivo de pessoas que praticam diariamente esta atividade. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a pesca artesanal considerando a sazonalidade regional, abordando as dimensões social, econômica e ecológica para a sustentabilidade da atividade. Para isso, foi utilizada a metodologia de aplicação de questionários e acompanhamento de desembarque pesqueiro, determinando o destino do produto da pesca. Foi utilizado também o cálculo do balanço hídrico para propor cenários de sustentabilidade da pesca. Os resultados revelaram que o pescador, embora tenha alimentação diária garantida, é o que menos ganha em termos financeiros com a atividade, tendo condições de vida precária. Foi registrada para o Lago de Viana a ocorrência de 26 espécies pertencentes a 17 famílias e 24 gêneros. As espécies Plagioscion squamosissimus (pescada branca), Pygocentrus nattereri (piranha) e Prochilodus nigricans (curimatá) ocorreram durante o ano inteiro sendo significativas nas capturas, ao passo que Schizodon vittatus (aracu) e Pimelodus omatus (mandi) tiveram maior representatividade no período chuvoso. Observa-se também que Hoplias malabaricus (traíra) e Loricariichthys sp (viola), os chamados peixes pretos tiveram maior representatividade no período seco. Cenários relacionados ao represamento de água por meio de construção de pequenas barragens ou represamento de canais foram aqui colocados como alternativa para a sustentabilidade na região. Entretanto, no que diz respeito à atividade de aqüicultura, o investimento viabilizando a criação de espécies nativas em consórcios comunitários poderia ser uma alternativa para a localidade, a qual tem um hidroperíodo irregular.

Orientador: Fausto Forest / Coorientador: Rui Coelho / Banca: Alberto Ferreira de Amorim / Banca: Fernando Fernandes Mendonça / Resumo: Para o setor pesqueiro, a identificação e manutenção de estoques diferenciados são fundamentais, pela sua relação direta com a produtividade total e uso sustentável dos recursos, sendo um dos objetivos básicos para programas de controle e conservação de espécies em perigo, a conservação da variabilidade genética. Entre os tubarões mais explorados, as espécies pelágicas apresentam uma maior complexidade na avaliação e monitoramento de suas populações devido às suas distribuições em vastas áreas geográficas. Entre essas espécies, Pseudocarcharias kamoharai, popularmente conhecida como tubarão-crocodilo ou tubarão-cachorro, atinge tamanhos máximos em torno de 140 cm de comprimento total, habita profundidades máximas em torno de 600 metros e ocorre em todos os oceanos tropicais, sendo registrada no Brasil principalmente nas áreas oceânicas do Nordeste. A análise genética molecular realizada utilizando sequências da região controladora do DNA mitocondrial (D-loop) de 125 indivíduos capturados em quatro regiões distintas no Oceano Atlântico (Equatorial Oeste, Noroeste Africano, Golfo da Guiné e Sudoeste Africano) Permitiu identificar 22 haplótipos com diversidade haplotípica h=0.627 e diversidade nucleotídica π=0.00167. Estes índices são similares aos encontrados em outras espécies de tubarões pelágicos também do Atlântico e podem ser considerados dentro dos níveis médios de diversidade genética entre os tubarões. O índice de FST=0.00125 obtido nas comparações pode sugerir ausência de estruturação populacional entre os quatro grupos amostrados. Tendo em vista a contínua inclusão de espécies de tubarões na Lista Vermelha da União Internacional para a Conservação da Natureza e dos Recursos Naturais (IUCN), os resultados obtidos neste estudo podem auxiliar na gestão adequada da pesca e na conservação desta espécie no Oceano Atlântico / Abstract: For the fishing sector, the identification and delimitation of the fishing stocks constitute fundamental information due to their direct relationship to the overall productivity and sustainable utilization of the resources. This constitutes a basic objective in terms of population management and conservation of endangered species that can be represented by the conservation of the genetic variability. Among the most exploited sharks, pelagic species have a greater complexity in terms of evaluation and monitoring due to their distributions along large geographical areas. One of these species is the crocodile shark, Pseudocarcharias kamoharai, which reaches maximum sizes of around 140 cm in total length, inhabits maximum depths of around 600 meters, and occurs in all tropical oceans including in Brazil, mainly in the Northeast region. The molecular genetic analysis using sequences of the mitochondrial DNA control region (D-loop) of 125 individuals captured in four distinct regions in the Atlantic Ocean (Western Equatorial, Northwest Africa, Gulf of Guinea and Southwest Africa), allowed the identification of 22 haplotypes which revealed a haplotype diversity of h=0627 and a nucleotide diversity of π=0.00167. These indices showed to be similar to those found in other species of pelagic sharks, also from the Atlantic sites and can be considered inside of the average levels of genetic diversity among the sharks. The value of FST=0.00125 index found in the comparisons may suggest the absence of population subdivision among the four sampled regions analyzed. Given the continued inclusion of shark species in the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), the results obtained in this study may be used to help a more sustainable management of fisheries and conservation programs of this species in the Atlantic Ocean / Mestre

Orientador: Fausto Foresti / Banca:Diogo Teruo Hashimoto / Banca: Renato Hajenius Ache de Freitas / Banca: Maria Rita de Cássia Barretto Neto / Banca: Vanessa Paes da Cruz / Resumo: Tubarões e raias estão atualmente entre os vertebrados mais ameaçados de extinção. Tal fato se deve principalmente à exploração pesqueira que permanece sem medidas eficientes de controle em quase todo o planeta, inclusive no Brasil. Considerando-se que cada espécie responde de forma independente às pressões ambientais e principalmente às ações humanas, é de fundamental importância para o desenvolvimento de planos de manejo adequado das suas populações e o ordenamento da exploração sustentável destes recursos que se proceda à caracterização da biodiversidade local, a avaliação das espécies mais capturadas e identificação dos táxons e populações mais suscetíveis à pesca. Contudo, especialmente para os elasmobrânquios, tais parâmetros são de difícil acesso, sobretudo devido às similaridades morfológicas entre as espécies e ainda, devido à prática pesqueira de remoção de partes dos animais como a cabeça e nadadeiras antes dos desembarques, inviabilizando a identificação da maioria das espécies. Segundo os registros de captura de elasmobrânquios elaborados pelo IBAMA nos últimos anos, apenas cerca de 20% dos indivíduos recebem alguma menção quanto à espécie, muitas vezes um nome popular que pode estar relacionado a mais de uma espécie biológica em diversos casos, sendo o restante do produto classificado apenas como cações. A utilização de ferramentas moleculares nos estudos da composição da biodiversidade tem proporcionado sua aplicação em diversas áreas, incluindo na identificação das espécies, no estudo de suas relações evolutivas e no auxílio de programas para a sua conservação. A identificação molecular com a utilização de técnicas do tipo PCR-multiplex e sequências barcode, que identificam características genéticas particulares de cada táxon estão atualmente sendo desenvolvidos e utilizados no reconhecimento das espécies, possibilitando a identificação... / Abstract: Sharks and rays are currently among the most threatened vertebrate to extinction. This is due mainly to the fact that overfishing remains without effective control measures in almost the entire planet, including Brazil. Considering that each species responds independently to environmental pressures, and mainly to human actions, it is of fundamental importance for the development of appropriate management plans and programming the sustainable exploitation of these resources, to proceed to the characterization of local biodiversity, in the assessment of the species caught, in the correct identification of taxa and the most susceptible populations to fishing activities. However, especially for elasmobranches, such parameters are difficult to access, especially due to morphological similarities between species and also because of the fishing practice of removing parts such as the head and fins before landings, making it impossible to identify the most species. According elasmobranches capture records prepared by IBAMA in recent years, only about 20% of individuals receiving some identification indication, often only a popular name that can be related to more than one biological species, with the remainder fishing product classified just as sharks. The use of molecular tools in studies of the composition of biodiversity has provided its application in various areas, including in the identification of the species, in the study of their evolutionary relationships, and in assisting programs for their conservation. The use of molecular identification techniques as the PCR-multiplex type, and barcode sequences using part of the mitochondrial gene sequence Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I that permit to identify particular genetic characteristics of each taxon, are currently being used in the species recognition allowing simultaneous identification of different samples. In the present work, the objective of the study was to identify the species occurring... / Doutor

El Perú ha fortalecido su política comercial a través del potenciamiento del comercio exterior. Mediante la apertura comercial, el Perú puede llegar a los diferentes mercados del mundo. Entrar en negocios internacionales incrementa la eficiencia productiva de los países, pues los países exportan aquellos productos que le resultan más económicos de producir e importan aquellos productos que le resultan más costosos de producir. Además, los Tratados de Libre Comercio, permiten el desarrollo del Perú en términos económicos, culturales, políticos, legales, sociales, ambientales y tecnológicos. El Programa País, el PENX y la Agenda Complementaria, son un claro ejemplo de que nuestra política comercial sigue en búsqueda de la consolidación. En este contexto, el Perú cuenta con un Tratado de Libre Comercio con la República Popular China (de ahora en adelante China), el cual entró en vigor el 01 de marzo de 2010 (TLC Perú-China, 2011). Nuestras exportaciones hacia dicho país han aumentado considerablemente en volumen y valor FOB (ADEX DATA TRADE, 2018) y China es nuestro principal socio comercial con una amplia ventaja. En el sector pesquero, la Harina de Pescado es el producto líder en exportaciones mundiales. La materia prima de la harina de pescado es la anchoveta y la pesca de esta especie, tuvo un momento clave cuando se establecieron los límites máximos de captura por embarcación, en búsqueda de la sostenibilidad del recurso (Aranguren, Arteaga y Chavez). Por otro lado, el mercado de China tiene una alta demanda de la harina de pescado, la cual es destinada al principalmente al desarrollo de la acuicultura, que se basa en la crianza de especies acuáticas (Pullin y Rashid, 2005). El gigante asiático presenta entonces un alto desarrollo en dicha actividad económica y cuenta a su vez con la mayor población del mundo, la cual asciende a 1, 386, 395 millones de habitantes (Banco Mundial, 2018). En el presente trabajo de investigación, se realizará un análisis de los factores más determinantes que impactaron en la evolución de las exportaciones de la harina de pescado, en el marco del TLC Perú-China, en el período 2012-2017. / Peru has strengthened its trade policy through the strengthening of foreign trade. Through commercial opening, Peru can reach the different markets of the world. Entering international businesses increases the productivity of countries, since countries export those products that are more economical to produce and import those products that are more expensive to produce. In addition, the Free Trade Agreements allow the development of Peru in economic, cultural, political, legal, social, environmental and technological terms. The Country Program, the PENX and the Complementary Agenda are a clear example that our commercial policy is still in search of consolidation. In this context, Peru has a Free Trade Agreement with the People's Republic of China (hereinafter China), which entered into force on March 1, 2010 (Peru-China FTA, 2011). Our exports to that country have increased considerably in volume and value FOB (ADEX DATA TRADE, 2018) and China is our main trading partner with a wide advantage. In the fishing sector, fishmeal is the leading product in world exports. The raw material of the fishmeal is the anchoveta and the fishing of this species, had a key moment when the maximum limits of capture by boat were established, in search of the sustainability of the resource (Aranguren, Arteaga and Chavez). On the other hand, the Chinese market has a high demand for fishmeal, which is mainly destined to the development of aquaculture, which is based on the rearing of aquatic species (Pullin and Rashid, 2005). The Asian giant then has a high development in this economic activity and has in turn the largest population in the world, which amounts to 1, 386, 395 million inhabitants (World Bank, 2018). In the present research work, an analysis of the most determining factors that impacted the evolution of fishmeal exports will be made, within the framework of the Peru-China FTA, in the period 2012-2017. / Tesis

In late Spring of 1969, shortly before the Oregon Legislative Session adjourned, House Bill No. 1302 as amended passed the last legislative hurdle and was signed by the Governor. The new statute recognized steelhead trout as a game fish and provided for an incidental catch of these fish by the commercial fishery. HB 1302 was a turning point in a century of conflict over anadromous fish of the Columbia River. The bill served as an armistice in a long sports-commercial steelhead conflict by providing some protection for these fish from commercial fishing. However the bill held off a major shift in the sports-commercial balance of power for only five years. The "final" victory went to the sports fishermen in 1974--the voters approved Ballot Measure No. 15 which banned steelhead from sale. Although the sportsmen finally won the steelhead battle, they may have lost the war. Unless the erosion of fish runs caused primarily by dams is checked the fishery may disappear. Chapter I gives an overview of HB 130 and discusses the significance of the Columbia River anadromous fishery to Oregon. Chapter II is a history of the Columbia River fishery and traces the conflict between the various fishing interest groups. Chapter III details the causes of the conflict and describes the relationship between dams and declining runs of fish. Chapter IV discusses the Legislative passage of HB 1302. Chapter V discusses lobbying and pressure group activities concerning HB 1302. Chapter VI chronicles events subsequent to passage of HB 1302. Chapter VII contains summary and concluding remarks.

La recherche a pour objet l’étude du statut juridique et social des marins-pêcheurs au Maroc, afin d’envisager des perspectives d’évolution concrètes. Cette catégorie de travailleurs est soumise à autant de risque.Face à ces éléments, les marins-pêcheurs marocains sont entrés dans une période de remise en question et de réflexions sur leur statut social. Cette recherche permet de dresser le constat de ce statut, dont il ressort de nombreuses problématiques qui impactent négativement l’exercice de ce métier.Il résulte de cette étude que le particularisme irréductible du travail dans le secteur de la pêche maritime et l’autonomie du droit du travail maritime ne suffisent plus, à établir une incompatibilité de principe de nature à faire obstacle à l’application de certaines règles du droit du travail terrestre.L’étude réanime un ancien débat législatif et doctrinal relatif à l’autonomie du droit du travail maritime. Elle propose alors plusieurs pistes de réflexion et des solutions concrètes en vue de faire évoluer le statut des marins-pêcheurs dans le cadre d’une autonomie modérée. Un rapprochement et une conciliation entre le droit du travail maritime et le droit du travail terrestre s’avèrent nécessaires, en adéquation avec les besoins recensés. / The purpose of the research is to study the legal and social status of fishermen in Morocco in order to predict concrete prospects for evolution. This category of workers is subject to as much risk.Faced with these elements, Moroccan fishermen have entered a period of questioning and reflection on their social status. This research makes it possible to establish the observation of this status, from which many problems emerge which negatively affect the exercise of this profession.It follows from this study that the irreducible particularism of work in the maritime fishing sector and the autonomy of maritime labor law are no longer sufficient to establish an incompatibility of principle likely to hinder the application of certain rules of the land labor law.The study revives an old legislative and doctrinal debate on the autonomy of maritime labor law. It then proposes several avenues for reflection and concrete solutions to change the status of fishermen and sailors within the framework of a moderate autonomy. A rapprochement and a conciliation between the maritime labor law and the labor law are necessary, in adequacy with the identified needs.

Watersheds are often managed without direct knowledge of how salmonid species use spatially-distinct spawning habitats within their watersheds, and rarely take into account the relationship between fish movement and potential population structure when making management decisions. The population of native Bonneville cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki utah) within the Logan River is the largest documented population remaining for this imperiled species, and still maintains extremely high densities of native fish in the upper river. Currently, fishing is not allowed in the upper 20 kilometers of the Logan River watershed during spawning, based on the assumption that cutthroat trout migrate to and spawn primarily in this section. I redetected cutthroat trout tagged (2,271) during years 2008-2012 in seven mainstem and tributary reaches of the Logan River during spawning months (April-June) of 2013 using a combination of stationary detection systems and mobile scanning techniques. Cutthroat trout in both mainstem and tributary reaches exhibit a leptokurtic movement distribution, indicating most fish spawn near to their original tagging site; however, small percentages of trout moved long distances to seek out spawning sites throughout the watershed. Growth, length, and condition estimates between mobile and non-mobile tagged fish demonstrate that while mobile fish tend to growth faster, be slightly larger, and in some cases be in relatively poorer condition, these differences are often biologically insignificant and dependent on site location within the watershed. A genetic microsatellite DNA analysis conducted on trout sampled from each study site confirms the assumption of panmixia, and I observed very little evidence of sub-population structure. Using River Styles® to assess geomorphically distinct reaches, I created a large-scale population estimate of spawning individuals, which found approximately 61% of spawning cutthroat trout are not subject to angling during the spawning season, while 39% could be susceptible to harvest in the lower basin and its tributaries. Most trout within the Logan River likely spawned very close to initial tagging locations and microsatellite analyses confirmed the population is genetically well-mixed, indicating conservation efforts should promote risk-averse management throughout the watershed, rather than focus heavily on any one section of the river.

This study surveyed 435 commercial fishermen across eight coastal regions of the United States where commercial fishing takes place. The regions of the study included: Northeast Atlantic, Mid-Atlantic, Southeast Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, Great Lakes, Southern Pacific, Pacific Northwest, and Alaska. Participants were asked to complete the Commercial Fishing Worker Survey (CFWS), which is a survey instrument consisting of an approved, adapted version of the Index of Learning Styles instrument (ILS) combined with a demographic section which included questions designed to obtain data regarding the four variables of the study: age, education level, captain's license status, and method of fishing. The instrument was designed to provide data sufficient to answer the three research questions of the study. 1. What are the learning preferences of commercial fishermen? 2. Are there differences in the learning preferences of commercial fishermen across the eight geographical regions of the study? 3. Are there differences in the learning preferences of commercial fishermen based on the demographical variables? The commercial fishermen showed obvious inclinations toward specific learning preference dimensions. The fishermen indicated that they preferred the active (rather than the reflective) dimension, the sensing (rather than the intuitive) dimension, the visual (rather than the verbal) dimension, and the sequential (rather than the global) dimension. The participant's responses were similar across the eight regions. Where differences existed, they were related to the sensing/intuitive and sequential/global learning preferences dimensions. Region 8 Alaska appeared to have stronger sensing and sequential learning preferences than the other regions. Age did not appear to influence the learning preferences of the fishermen. The majority of the respondents indicated they were high school graduates. However, education did not appear to affect the learning preferences of the fishermen. Captain's license status had no influence on the learning preferences of the commercial fishermen, since the majority of the respondents did not possess a captain's license. Respondents indicated that the largest percentage of commercial fishing used net fishing methods as their primary means of fishing. For the majority of the commercial fishermen, method of fishing did not appear to influence the learning preferences of commercial fishermen. However, net and trap fishermen exhibited significant differences related to the sensing/intuitive and sequential/global learning preference dimensions and reported more preference for the sequential/global learning preference dimensions then fishermen using other methods of fishing. Implications and recommendations for further study are enumerated in the last chapter.