Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero Agrónomo Mención: Enología y Vitivinicultura

Memoria para optar al título profesional de Ingeniero Agrónomo / El ácido abscísico (ABA), en la época de pinta, está involucrado en el metabolismo primario y secundario de bayas de vid vinífera, principalmente en la acumulación de azúcares, antocianos, taninos y flavonoles. Tal efecto ha sido demostrado en cepas de alta complejidad fenólica como Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot y Carménère. Sin embargo, hasta el momento no existen trabajos en el cv. Pinot Noir, el cual presenta una débil composición fenólica. Con el propósito de determinar el efecto del ABA sobre bayas de Pinot Noir, se establecieron tres tratamientos: (i) 50 mg•L-1ABA; (ii) 100 mg•L-1 ABA; (iii) testigo con agua y 0,1% (v/v) del surfactante Tween 20. Las aplicaciones se realizaron 2 días después de pinta (DDP) y 24 DDP. Mediante muestreos semanales, se determinó la evolución del peso de bayas y de pieles, volumen de bayas, sólidos solubles, acidez, pH, fenoles, antocianos y taninos totales. Al final de la temporada se evaluó la deshidratación de bayas. Las aplicaciones de ABA afectaron el pH, acidez y sólidos solubles, sin encontrarse resultados concluyentes sobre el efecto del ABA. Así mismo, las aplicaciones de ABA no afectaron el peso de los hollejos, los que aparentemente ya se encontraban en su máximo peso previo a la pinta. En cuanto a los metabolitos secundarios, los antocianos totales de las bayas tratadas con 100 mg•L-1 de ABA disminuyeron fuertemente, obteniendo una concentración 51% menor que en las bayas testigo al final del proceso de maduración. Similares resultados se presentaron en los fenoles y taninos totales. Sin embargo, para los taninos la disminución comenzó con anterioridad, desde pinta en adelante. Finalmente, se pudo establecer que el ABA pudo afectar negativamente el micro-clima de zona frutal, especialmente los racimos aplicados con la dosis mayor, debido a que en estos se incremento la deshidratación. / The abscisic acid (ABA), at veraison, is involved in primary and secondary metabolism of grape berries, mainly in the accumulation of sugars, anthocyanins, tannins and flavonols. Such effect has been observed in grape varieties of highly complex phenolic composition such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Carménère. However, so far no published studies in the Pinot Noir, which has a feeble phenolic composition. In order to assess the effect of ABA on Pinot Noir grapes, we established three treatments: (i) 50 mg•L-1ABA, (ii) 100 mg•L-1 ABA and (iii) control, consisting of water and 0.1% (v/v) Tween 20 surfactant. The applications were made 2 days after veraison (DAV) and 24 DAV. Through weekly sampling, we determined: evolution of berry and skin weight, berry size, soluble solids, acidity, pH, phenols, anthocyanins and total tannins. At the end of the season, berry dehydration was assessed. ABA applications affected pH, acidity and soluble solids, although no conclusive results, compared with the control. Likewise, ABA applications did not affect the skins weight, which apparently were already fully grown prior to veraison. As secondary metabolites, total anthocyanins from berries treated with 100 mg•L-1 of ABA declined sharply, resulting in 51% lower concentration than in control, at harvest. Similar results were obtained in total phenols and tannins. However, for tannins, the decrease was earlier during veraison. Finally, it was found that ABA could adversely affect the micro-climate fruit zone, especially the clusters with the highest dose applied, because in these will increases dehydration.

Orientador: Marinônio Lopes Cornélio / Banca: Marcelo Andrés Fossey / Banca: Amando Siuiti Ito / Resumo: Os flavonoides são compostos polifenólicos encontrados nas plantas que são responsaveis pela pigmentação e em alguns casos atuam como inibidores de infecções por microorganismos. Recentemente seu papel como antioxidante e na regulação dos mecanismos de sinalização celular em humanos foi descoberta, motivo pelo qual a pesquisa com os flavonoides despertou interesse na comunidade científica. Uma importante proteína que se encontra no soro humano é a Albumina Sérica Humana (HSA), a qual está encarregada de transportar os nutrientes(ligantes) que se encontram no sangue e disponibiliza-los para células e tecidos. Esse processo pelo qual a HSA leva um ligante a uma célula é chamado de liberação. No processo de liberação do ligante, espera-se que o complexo HSA-Flavonoide seja enfraquecido, assim possibilitando a liberação do ligante. Sendo que o enfraquecimento do complexo HSA-Flavonoide pode ser induzido por fatores fisiológicos como o pH, é que no presente trabalho estudamos o efeito do pH na interação da HSA com os flavonoides Quercetina e Quercitrina. Em vista de determinar o papel modulador do pH na liberação dos flavonoides, neste trabalho exploramos as i) constantes de supressão, ii) os parâmetros termodinâmicos como a entalpia (ΔHo), entropia (ΔSo) e energia livre de Gibbs(ΔGo), iii) o número de sítios de ligação disponível e iv) o FRET dos complexos Quercetina-HSA e Quercitrina-HSA na faixa de pH de 7.0 a 6.0 . Dos dados de supressão de fluorescência a pH 7.0, observou-se que a interação Quercetina-HSA foi descrita pelo modelo de Perrin enquanto que a interação Quercitrina-HSA foi descrita pelo modelo linear de Stern-Volmer. Os modelos supressão de fluorescência foram os mesmos a pH 6.0. No pH ligeiramente ácido as constantes de supressão do complexo Quercetina-HSA diminuíram enquanto que as constantes de supressão do complexo Quercitrina-HSA aumentaram. Da availação das constantes de ... / Abstract: The flavonoids are poliphenolic compounds found in plants, which are responsible to provide pigmentation and in some cases act as an inhibitors of infections mediated by microorganism. Recently, their role as an antioxidant and in the regulation of signaling mechanism have been discovered, reason by which the research with flavonoids have grown. An important protein, which is found in the human plasma is the Human Serum Albumin (HSA), which is responsible to transport the nutrients (ligands) found in the blood to show them to cells and tissues. The process by which the HSA give off the ligand to cell is called delivery. In the delivery process, it is hope that the strenght of the Flavonoid-HSA complex is weakened, causing the delivery of the ligand. Due to the strenght of the Flavonoid-HSA complex could be weakened by a physiological factor such as pH, is that in the present work is studied the effect of the pH on the interaction between HSA and the flavonoids Quercetin and Quercitrin. In order to determine the role of the pH as a modulator of flavonoids delivery, this work will explore, i) the quenching constants, ii) thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy (ΔHo), entropy (ΔSo) and the Gibbs free energy (ΔGo), iii) the number of binding sites and iv) FRET of the Quercetin-HSA and Quercitrin-HSA complexes in the pH range from 7.0 to 6.0. From the fluorescence quenching data at pH 7.0, was observed that the Quercetin-HSA interaction was described by the Perrin model, while the Quercitrin-HSA complex was described by the linear Stern-Volmer model. The quenching models were the same at pH 6.0. At a slightly acidic pH the fluorescence quenching constants of the Quercetin-HSA showed to decrease, while for the Quercitrin-HSA complexes increased. From the fluorescence quenching studies at different temperatures (288, 298 and 308K) it was showed that the quenching mechanisms for both flavonoids (Quercetin and Quercitrin) are static ... / Mestre

Orientador: Wagner Vilegas / Coorientador: Lourdes Campaner dos Santos / Banca: Isabele Rodrigues Nascimento / Banca: Vera Lucia Garcia Rehder / Banca: João Carlos Palazzo de Mello / Banca: José Arimatéia Dantas Lopes / Resumo: O objetivo desse trabalho foi a investigação da composição química de plantas do Cerrado, aplicando técnicas que permitam uma análise quali e quantitativa rápida e eficaz. As espécies estudadas neste projeto foram Miconia rubiginosa e Miconia stenostachya, pertencentes à família Melastomataceae. As espécies foram coletadas no Estado de São Paulo e os infusos foram preparados e particionados com acetato de etila e água. A fração acetato de etila da M. rubiginosa foi fracionada por Cromatografia em Contracorrente de Alta Velocidade (HSCCC), sendo isolados os compostos (-)-(2R,3R)-epicatequina (Mr1), casuarictina (Mr2), canferol-3-O-β-galactopiranosídeo (Mr3) e schizandrisídeo (Mr4). A fração acetato de etila da M. stenostachya foi fracionada por cromatografia de permeação em gel utilizando Sephadex LH-20, que possibilitou o isolamento da (+)-(2R,3S)-4'-O-metilgalocatequina (Ms1), (-)-(2R,3R)-4'-O-metilepigalocatequina (Ms2), miricetina-3-O-α-rhamnopiranosídeo (Ms3) e (-)-(2R,3R)-epicatequina (Ms4). Foram desenvolvidos métodos de separação dos enantiômeros da naringenina e catequinas por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência acoplada a detectores de Dicroísmo Circular e Arranjo de Diodos (HPLC-CD-DAD). Os métodos desenvolvidos forneceram separação adequada com boa resolução. Foram obtidos os espectros de dicroísmo circular (CD) de todas as substâncias isoladas, permitindo a identificação dos enantiômeros. Uma metodologia de clean-up foi desenvolvida para a preparação de amostras para análise por cromatografia quiral. O método que utiliza cartucho de C18 (STRATA Phenomenex®) foi o que apresentou melhor seletividade. O método desenvolvido no HPLC-CD-DAD permitiu identificar a (-)-(2R,3R)-epicatequina no infuso de M. rubiginosa. O mesmo método foi aplicado para investigar a espécie Maytenus obtusifolia... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of this project was to investigate the chemical composition of Cerrado plants, using techniques that allow a quick and efficient qualitative and quantitative analysis. In this project we studied the species Miconia rubiginosa and Miconia stenostachya which belong to the Melastomataceae family. Miconia species were collected at São Paulo State and water infusions were prepared and partitioned with EtOAc and water. The ethyl acetate fraction of M. rubiginosa was fractioned by High Speed Countercurrent Chromatography (HSCCC), and afforded (-)-(2R,3R)-epicatechin (Mr1), casuarictin (Mr2), kaempferol-3-O-β-galactopyranoside (Mr3), and schizandriside (Mr4). The ethyl acetate fraction of M. stenostachya was submitted to gel permeation chromatography over Sephadex LH-20, that led to the isolation of (+)-(2R,3S)-4'-O-methylgallocatechin (Ms1), (-)-(2R,3R)-4'-O-methylepigallocatechin (Ms2), myricetin-3-O-α-rhamnopyranoside (Ms3), and (-)-(2R,3R)-epicatechin (Ms4). Methods were developed for the enantiomeric separation of naringenin and catechins by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Circular Dichroism and Diode Array Detectors (HPLC-CD-DAD). The developed methods provided good separation and resolution. CD spectra of all these substances were obtained, allowing the identification of the enantiomers. A clean-up methodology was developed for the preparation of plant samples previous to the chiral HPLC analysis. The method using C18-cartridge (Phenomenex STRATA®) showed the best selectivity. The method developed using HPLC-CD-DAD allowed to identify (-)-(2R,3R)-epicatechin in the infusion of M. rubiginosa. The same method was applied to investigate the commonly used... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:56:21Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 loureiro_cmb_me_jabo.pdf: 193126 bytes, checksum: 7871454a59e8dd164e24e73028d35ee6 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Avaliou-se o efeito do extrato de própolis na redução da verminose e sobre os parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos de 18 cordeiros Ile de France (nove machos não-castrados e nove fêmeas) dos 5 aos 15 kg de peso corporal, no desmame. Os animais foram distribuídos em três tratamentos, constituídos por dietas isoprotéicas e isoenergéticas, com adição ao concentrado de 0, 15 e 30 mg de extrato de própolis a 11%/kg de peso corporal . O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema de parcela subdividida no tempo. Observou -se que a contagem de ovos por grama de fezes foi influenciada pelos diferentes tratament os. Nos cordeiros estudados, a ad ição de 30 mg de extrato de própolis foi mais efetiva em reduzir o número de ovos tipo Stron gylida por grama de fezes, do que a de 15 mg e a que não continha o extrato, indicando uma possível redução na ovoposição dos endoparasitos. As contagens globais de hemácias, neutrófilos bastonetes e monócitos, taxa de hemoglobina e o percentual de hematócrito apresentaram efeito para interação entre os tratamentos e as datas de observação. Não houve diferenças para as contagens de leucócitos, neutrófilos segmentados e linfócitos, já os eosinófilos variaram dentro do período de coleta. Em relação aos parâmetros bioquímicos analisados, o extrato de própolis não afetou as concentrações séricas de uréia, creatinina, albumina, bilirrubina direta e indireta, e plasmática de glicose. Já os níveis séricos d e colesterol, proteínas totais e bilirrubina total diferiram entre os tratamentos. Com base nos resultados, concluí-se que a adição de extrato de própolis às rações dos cordeiros não provocou alterações importantes nos parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos, que indicassem reações adversas à sua administração, além de ser uma possível alternativa no controle da verminose em cordeiros. / The effect of the propolis extract was evaluated in the reduction of the nematodes and on the hematological and bioch emical parameters of 18 lambs Ile of France (nine no-castrated males and nine females) of the 5 to the 15 kg of corporal weight, in it weans them. The animals were distributed in three treatments, constituted by protein and energy concentration diets, with addition to the concentrate of 0, 15 and 30 mg of propolis extract to 11%/kg of corporal weight. The experimental delineation was entirely occurred in portion outline subdivided in the time. It was observed that the counting of eggs for gram of feces was influenced by the different treatments. In the studied lambs, the addition of 30 mg of extract of propolis was more effective in reducing the number of eggs type Strongylida for gram of feces, than the one of 15 mg and the one that didn't contain the extra ct, indicating a possible reduction in the eggs of the endoparasites. The global countings of the red cells, neutrophiles and monocytes, hemoglobin tax and the percentile of hematocrits presented effect for interaction among the treatments and the dates fo r observation. There were not differences for the leucocytes countings, segmented neutrophiles and lymphocytes, whereas the eosinophiles varied inside of the collection period. In relation to the analyzed biochemical parameters, the extract of propolis did n't affect the serum urea, creatinine, albumin, direct and indirect, and plasmatic bilirubin concentration of glucose. The serum levels of cholesterol, total proteins and total bilirubin differed among the treatments. On base in the results, I was ended th at the addition of extract of propolis to the rations of the lambs didn't provoke important alterations in the hematological and biochemical parameters, that they indicated adverse reactions to his/her administration, besides being a possible alternative in the control of the nematodes in lambs.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2016-06-14T22:48:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE S?NIA CARINE COVA COSTA.pdf: 4450540 bytes, checksum: 273e33d63aa35b23e7686b53ad4e5b56 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-14T22:48:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE S?NIA CARINE COVA COSTA.pdf: 4450540 bytes, checksum: 273e33d63aa35b23e7686b53ad4e5b56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-17 / Solar radiation is the main factor in the appearance of skin diseases. Preventive measures against skin photoaging are necessary and one of the ways to avoid it is to use sunscreen. The genus Marcetia (Melastomataceae) is endemic of rocky fields in northeastern Brazil and are adapted to high sunlight conditions due to bioproduction of flavonoids. The initial goal of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant activities, photoprotection (UVB/UVA) and toxicity of ethanolic extracts of M. taxifolia, M. macrophylla and M. latifolia. Thus, it was investigated the potential photoprotection of the extracts incorporated at 5, 10, 20 and 30% by polawax? lotion. All tests were performed in vitro. The formulations were evaluated in the physicochemical standpoint. In addition it was held HPLC-DAD for identification and quantification of flavonoids. The spectrophotometric method was used to determine the total level of flavonoids (TFC), DPPH? (antioxidant activity) and photoprotective activity (UVB/UVA). The evaluation of toxicity was made by means of the HET-CAM test, and hemolysis rate. The most promising extract was fractionated. Photoprotective formulations have been developed (5, 10, 20 and 30%), which also had their sunscreen profile UVB / UVA evaluated. The M. taxifolia showed higher quercetin content, with 55.78 g/Kg and 168 ?g/mL, following the studies of HPLC-DAD and TFT. All Marcetia ssp extracts had an antioxidant activity around 95%. Likewise, the three species had good results to SPF and UVA photoprotection. The species that has better value SPF was M. macrophylla (20.25) and UVA protection was M. taxifolia (86.04%), but these species have a higher toxic potential related to M. latifolia, which also had a good value SPF (13.12) and UVA (78.09%). The toxicity results show that this species is more secure and is considered an irritant and of weak hemolysis rate (23.51%), while the other species had a hemolysis rate ? 50%. Given these results EEML was fractionated into five fractions (MLFR02, MLFR03, MLFR04, MLFR05, MLFR06). After testing, MLFR02 showed good UVB sunscreen activity (17,52) and UVA (87.49%), but the safest was MLFR02 beyond presenting results in a high SPF value (37.82) when incorporated into the emulsion which makes it suitable for individuals who are very sensitive to sunburn. / A radia??o solar ? o principal fator de surgimento de patologias t?picas. Medidas preventivas contra o fotoenvelhecimento cut?neo s?o necess?rias e umas das formas ? o uso de fotoprotetores. O g?nero Marcetia (Melastomataceae) ? end?mico dos campos rupestres do nordeste brasileiro e s?o adaptadas as condi??es de alta incid?ncia solar devido ? bioprodu??o de flavonoides. Este trabalho teve como objetivo inicial avaliar as atividades antioxidante, fotoprotetora (UVB/UVA) e toxicidade dos extratos etan?licos de M. taxifolia, M. macrophylla e M. latifolia. Em seguida, foi investigado o potencial fotoprotetor dos extratos incorporados a 5, 10, 20 e 30% em lo??o polawax?. Todos os testes foram realizados in vitro. As formula??es foram avaliadas do ponto de vista f?sico-qu?mico. Em adi??o realizou-se CLAE-DAD para identifica??o e quantifica??o dos flavonoides. O m?todo espectrofotom?trico foi usado para determina??o do teor total de flavonoides (TFC), m?todo DPPH? (atividade antioxidante) e atividade fotoprotetora (UVB/UVA). A avalia??o da toxicidade foi feita por meio do teste HET-CAM e hem?lise. O extrato mais promissor foi fracionado. Foram desenvolvidas formula??es fotoprotetoras (5, 10, 20 e 30%), as quais tamb?m tiveram seu perfil fotoprotetor UVB/UVA avaliados. A M. taxifolia apresentou maior teor de quercetina, com 55,78 g/Kg e 168 ?g/mL, conforme os estudos de CLAE-DAD e TFT. Todos os extratos de Marcetia ssp. tiveram uma atividade antioxidante em torno de 95%. Da mesma forma que as tr?s esp?cies tiveram bons resultados de FPS e fotoprote??o UVA. A esp?cie que apresentou melhor valor de FPS foi a M. macrophylla (20,25) e prote??o UVA foi a M. taxifolia (86,04%), por?m estas esp?cies tem um potencial t?xico superior a M. latifolia, que tamb?m teve um bom valor de FPS (13,12) e prote??o UVA (78,09%). Os resultados de toxicidade mostram que esta esp?cie foi a mais segura, sendo considerada um irritante fraco e com uma taxa de hem?lise de 23,51%, enquanto as outras esp?cies tiveram a taxa de hem?lise ? 50%. Diante destes resultados o EEML foi fracionado em cinco fra??es (MLFR02, MLFR03, MLFR04, MLFR05, MLFR06). Ap?s os ensaios, a MLFR02 apresentou boa atividade fotoprotetora UVB (FPS: 17, 52) e UVA (87,49%), por?m a mais segura foi a MLFR02, al?m de apresentar um alto valor FPS (37,82) quando incorporada ? emuls?o o que a faz ser indicada para indiv?duos muito sens?veis a queimadura solar.

En la presente investigación fue evaluado el efecto cicatrizante de la especie vegetal Peperomia scutellaefolia R. et P.; en forma de geles, mediante el método tensiométrico y corroborado con cortes histológicos, para observar la evolución histológica en cada caso. Se utilizaron ratones albinos cepa Balb C 53 de + 25 g. de peso; y como tratamientos geles de Carbopol 940 al 5%, 10%, 20%, y 30% P/P de extracto vegetal; comparando los resultados con el grupo control (sin tratamiento) y con el grupo tratado con un medicamento comercial. Se obtuvo mayor efecto cicatrizante con el gel al 5%. - Se determino la presencia de flavonoides derivados del núcleo de los dihidroflavonoles e isoflavonas; identificados por espectrofotometría ultravioleta-visible, espectrofotometría infrarroja; y por reacciones de coloración. - Se realizó una descripción de los caracteres morfológicos externos de la especie, y la descripción de ciertos caracteres microscópicos en los diversos órganos de la planta, como la epidermis pluriestratificada e idioblastos en la lamina foliar; la presencia de pigmentos en el pecíolo y pedúnculo; la existencia de peridermis y abundantes cristales de oxalato de Calcio en el tallo subterráneo (cormo) Esta información podría facilitar su identificación, y diferenciación de otras especies del genero Peperomia. -Se realizaron encuestas etnofarmacológicas para documentar los usos, indicaciones y aplicaciones terapéuticas de la especie en la medicina tradicional del departamento de Cajamarca, la especie Peperomia scutellaefolia R. et P. es empleada fresca y algunas veces seca, para aliviar enfermedades cardiacas, inflamaciones internas, y como cicatrizante externo. Palabras Claves: Peperomia scutellaefolia R. et P., etnofarmacología., cicatrizante, método tensiométrico, histología animal, flavonoides, espectrofotometría ultravioleta e infrarroja. / -- The wound healing effect of vegetal specie Peperomia scutellaefolia R. et P. was evaluated in this research using tensiometric methods and the results were corroborated with histological studies in order to observe and analyze the histological evolution in each case. Batch Balb C 53 albine mice with 25g of average weight were used and treated with Carbopol 940 gels with 5%, 10%, 20% and 30% W/W concentrations of this vegetal extract. The results obtained were compared with two groups: the control group (without treatment) and another group treated with a commercial medicament. A better wound healing effect with Peperomia’s 5% W/W concentration gel was obtained. Flavonoids derivates of dihidroflavonols and isoflavones nuclei were founded and identified by ultraviolet and infrared spectrophotometry and coloration reactions. Description of the morphological external characteristics of Peperomia scutellaefolia R. et P. such as peltates leafs, spiciform influorescent, subterranean stem was done. Also some microscope details such as pluristratificate epiderm and idioblastes in the leaf’s lamine were described. Petioles and peduncles with pigments, periderm and crystals of Calcium oxalate in the subterranean stem (corm) were founded. This information could simplify the identification and differentiation of another species from genus Peperomia. n order to document the usage and therapeutic aplications of this plant in the traditional medicine of Cajamarca ethnopharmacology inquires were carried out. This plant is used fresh or dry to treat cardiac diseases, internal inflamations and to heal external wounds.

En el análisis farmacognóstico del extracto hidroalcohólico de la corteza de Triplaris americana L., se han evidenciado compuestos fenólicos: taninos (taninos condensados) y flavonoides. En el extracto hidroalcohólico y aislado amílico del hidrolizado del extracto hidroalcohólico desecado, se observaron picos de absorción, en longitudes de onda para los grupos hidroxilos y grupo aromático, mediante espectrofotometría Infrarrojo (IR-FT) y espectrofotometría UV-visible. Se desarrolló y validó la cuantificación de taninos del extracto hidroalcohólico, mediante espectrofotometría Ultravioleta-visible, donde el método resultó ser selectivo, lineal, preciso (repetible y reproducible) y exacto; y se obtuvieron como resultado para compuestos fenólicos totales: 13.5158 ± 0.1825 g de ácido tánico/ 100 g de corteza, para taninos: 11.8590 ± 0.5453 g de ácido tánico/ 100 g de corteza; y para taninos condensados: 1.62368 ± 0.0784 g de ácido tánico/ 100 g de corteza. Al evaluar la toxicidad a dosis única del extracto hidroalcohólico (2000 mg/ kg de masa corporal), no se produjo mortalidad ni se manifestaron síntomas indicativos de toxicidad en los animales. Se evaluó la actividad antioxidante del extracto hidroalcohólico, aplicando el método del DPPH obteniendo como concentración inhibitoria IC50 19.53 mg/mL, con resultado levemente superior comparado con el estándar Trolox; y 0.241 mg/mL equivalentes Trolox. En el ensayo de la actividad antimicrobiana del extracto hidroalcohólico en concentraciones de 3 mg/ disco, 4 mg/ disco y 6 mg/ disco, se obtuvo una respuesta antibacteriana selectiva sobre las bacterias Gram positivas evaluadas: Staphylococcus aureus y Bacillus subtilis; y ausencia de actividad sobre las bacterias Gram negativas y actividad antifúngica. / In the farmacognostic analysis of the hidroalcoholic extract of the bark of Triplaris americana L., has been evidenced phenolics compound: tannins and flavonoids. In the hydroalcoholic extract and amilic isolated of the hydrolyzed of the extract dried up hydroalcoholic, picks of absorption were observed, in wave longitudes for the groups oxidriles (-OH) and aromatic group, by means of Infrared infrared spectrophotometry and UV-visible spectrophotometry. It was developed and it validated the quantification of tannins of the hydroalcoholic extract, by means of Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, where the method turned out to be selective, lineal, precise (repeat and reproduce) and exact; and they were obtained as a result for compound total phenolic: 13.5158 ± 0.1825 g of tannic acid/ 100 g of bark, for tannins: 11.8590 ± 0.5453 g of tannic acid/ 100 g of bark and for condensed tannins: 1.62368 ± 0.0784 g of tannic acid/ 100 g of bark. When evaluating the toxicity to unique dose of the hydroalcoholic extract (2000 mg/kg of corporal mass), mortality didn't take place neither they showed indicative symptoms of toxicity in the animals. The antioxidant activity of the extract hydroalcoholic was evaluated, applying the method of the DPPH obtaining as inhibitory concentration IC50 19.53 g/mL, with slightly superior result compared with the standard Trolox; and 0.241 mg/mL equivalent Trolox. In the rehearsal of the antimicrobial activity from hydroalcoholic extract in concentrations of 3 mg/ disc, 4 mg/ disc and 6 mg/ disc, a selective antibacterial answer was obtained on the bacterial evaluated Gram positive: Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis; and activity absence on the bacterial Gram negative and activity anti-yeast.

Orientador: André Gonzaga dos Santos / Banca: Danilo Luiz Flumignam / Banca: Ílio Montanari Junior / Banca: Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani / Banca: Alberto José Cavalheiro / Resumo: Cordia verbenacea DC. pertence à família Boraginaceae, a qual contém aproximadamente 100 gêneros com mais de 2.000 espécies. Ocorre ao longo de todo litoral brasileiro, sendo comum na Floresta Tropical Atlântica e possuindo vários nomes populares, sendo o mais comum erva-baleeira. É utilizada tradicionalmente para tratar vários processos inflamatórios. O laboratório Aché® desenvolveu um medicamento fitoterápico anti-inflamatório tópico à base do óleo essencial de C. verbenacea (Acheflan®) e a espécie está presente no Formulário Nacional de Fitoterápicos da Farmacopeia Brasileira. Considerando a relevância de estudos de variabilidade química para espécies medicinais e a ausência destes dados na literatura para C. verbenacea propomos realizar um estudo da dinâmica do metabolismo da espécie focado nas variações sazonal, circadiana e populacional. As folhas de C. verbenacea foram coletadas, secas, trituradas e submetidas à maceração com etanol (1:15 m/v). Posteriormente, foi realizada uma extração em fase sólida com o extrato etanólico seco obtendo-se 10 frações, as quais foram analisadas por CCD e CLAE-UV. A fração 4.1 foi escolhida para cromatografia em coluna originando 120 subfrações, das quais três estavam semipurificadas. Utilizando a técnica de CLAE preparativa foram purificadas quatro substâncias, sendo três obtidas com mais de 95 % de pureza (CLAE-UV). As substâncias foram analisadas por técnicas espectrométricas (UV, IV e RMN), sendo identificados os triterpenos cordial... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Cordia verbenacea DC. belongs to the Boraginaceae family which contains about 100 genera with more than 2,000 species. C. verbenacea is popularly named erva-baleeira and occurs throughout the Brazilian coast including the Atlantic Rainforest. It is traditionally used to treat various inflammatory processes and was employed by Aché® laboratory for the development of Acheflan®, an anti-inflammatory topical medicine containing the essential oil of C. verbenacea. Considering the relevance of chemical variability studies for medicinal plants we propose to develop a study of the metabolism dynamics focused on seasonal, circadian and population variations. The leaves of C. verbenacea were collected, dried, crushed and macerated with ethanol (1:15 m/v). The solid phase extraction with ethanolic extract yielded 10 fractions which were analyzed by TLC and HPLC. Fraction 4.1 was selected for column chromatography yielding 120 subfractions. Four compounds were isolated using preparative HPLC-UV and three compounds presented high purity (≤95 %; HPLC-UV) and were analyzed by spectrophotometric techniques (UV, IR, NMR). Compounds were identified as the triterpenes cordialin A and cis-cordialin A and the flavonoides 4',5-dihydroxy-2',3,5',6,7-pentametoxiflavone or 2',5-dihydroxy-4',3,5',6,7- pentametoxiflavone and artemetin. An HPLC-DAD method was developed for the analysis of the ethanolic extract. The ethanolic extracts of seasonal, circadian and population studies were analyzed by HPLC-DAD. All these studies showed quantitative differences in relation to the majority compounds, being the substance dihydroxypentamethoxyflavone found in a larger quantity in specimen 13II4 of the population study, already in the circadian study the time of 04:30 h had a higher yield and in the seasonal study... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Orientador: Luis Vitor Silva do Sacramento / Banca: Marcia Luzia Rizzatto / Banca: Juliana Cristina Bassan / Resumo: Objetivo: quantificar teores de compostos fenólicos totais, carotenoides totais, ácido ascórbico e flavonoides totais, bem como avaliar a atividade antioxidante, pelos métodos de sequestro do radical DPPH e ABTS+, de duas espécies de pimentas: Dedo-de-Moça (Capsicum baccatum) e Biquinho (Capsicum chinense) em função de dois processos de manufatura (pasteurização e cozimento). Métodos: foram obtidas amostras de pimentas biquinho e dedo-de-moça em mercados de Matão-SP e Araraquara-SP, formando uma amostra composta de cada espécie, cuja homogeneidade foi obtida após quarteamento das amostras menores. Foram realizados os processos térmicos de cozimento (100ºC/5min) e pasteurização (65ºC/30min). Após resfriamento, as amostras foram liofilizadas (48h/-60ºC), realizando-se as extrações de acordo com as metodologias utilizadas. Realizaram-se análises de quantificação dos compostos fenólicos totais, flavonoides totais, vitamina C, carotenoides totais e capacidade antioxidante por DPPH˙ e ABTS⁺. Resultados: os processamentos térmicos não afetaram os teores de fenólicos totais em Capsicum chinense (pimenta biquinho); no entanto, para Capsicum baccatum (pimenta dedo-de-moça) houve diminuição no teor de fenólicos totais frente a pasteurização. Para o teor de flavonoides totais em ambas as variedades o processo de pasteurização demonstrou perdas significativas. A capacidade antioxidante em ambas as espécies foi favorecida devido ao cozimento, e o processo de pasteurização contrariamente de... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Objective: to quantify total phenolic compounds, total carotenoids, ascorbic acid and total flavonoids, as well as to evaluate the antioxidant activity, by the methods of scavenging of the DPPH˙ and Abts˙⁺ radical, of two species of peppers: finger-of-the-girl (Capsicum baccatum) and Biquinho (Capsicum chinense) as a function of two manufacturing processes (pasteurization and baking). Methods: samples of pout and finger-of-the-girl peppers were collected in the cities of Matão-SP and Araraquara-SP, composing a homogeneous sample of each pepper, the method of Quarteamente was performed in each of the varieties studied, so as to obtain a Best sampling. The thermal cooking processes (100ºC/5min) and pasteurization (65ºC/30min) were performed after the samples were freeze-dried (48h/ -20 º C). Aqueous and ethanolic extractions were performed to meet the methodologies used. Analysis of quantification of total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, vitamin C, total carotenoids and antioxidant capacity by DPPH˙ and ABTS˙⁺ were performed. Results: the thermal processes did not affect the total phenolic contents in Capsicum chinense; however, for Capsicum baccatum (finger pepper) there was a decrease in the total phenolics content against pasteurization. For the total flavonoid content in both varieties the pasteurization process is the only one that has had significant losses. For the antioxidant capacity for both varieties the cooking process causes an increase of this capacity to oc... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre