La « fluidité architecturale » est un oxymore, délibérément choisi, pour mettre l'accent sur les valences de fluidité par rapport aux caractéristiques intrinsèques de l'architecture : comparée aux autres domaines artistiques (littérature, arts plastiques, danse, théâtre, cinéma, photographie, etc.), l’architecture n'est pas seulement pensée, interprétée ou illustrée, mais elle est également construite, habitée et solide. Puisque la fluidité architecturale est une métaphore et la notion de fluidité est abstraite par rapport à l’architecture, ce terme est relié, par une analogie à la mécanique des fluides, aux processus plus concrets qui peuvent être retrouvés en physique. En admettant que l’association des termes « fluide-solide » peut être confuse, la première partie de cette thèse est consacrée à définir la « fluidité » et à identifier ses racines dans l’histoire de l’architecture. La deuxième partie se concentre sur l’analyse « fluidique » d’une série de vingt projets contemporains. Cette analyse, fondée sur les discours architecturaux des concepteurs, détermine le degré de fluidité présente dans la production architecturale contemporaine et établit de nouvelles correspondances entre les différents projets. Cette thèse constitue à la fois un travail sur un concept théorique (par l’analogie avec la mécanique des fluides) et sur une manière de représenter la pensée du projet (par l’analyse fluidique). / "Architectural fluidity" is an oxymoron, chosen deliberately in order to emphasize the fluidity expressions related to the intrinsic characteristics of architecture: compared to other arts (literature, visual arts, dance, theater, cinema, photography etc.), architecture is not only thought, interpreted or illustrated, but also is built, inhabited and solid. Considering architectural fluidity as a metaphor and the idea of fluidity as an abstract architectural concept, this term is associated by analogy to fluid mechanics to processes with accurate explanations found in physics. Assuming that the association of the two terms "fluid-solid" can be confusing, the first part of this thesis concerns with the definition of "fluidity" and the identification of its origins in the history of architecture. The second part focuses on the "fluidic" analysis through twenty contemporary projects. This analysis, which is based on the architectural dissertation of designers, determines the degree of fluidity in contemporary architectural production and establishes new connections between different projects.This thesis focuses on both theoretical concepts (by analogy to fluid mechanics) and developing a method to represent the conceptual process of the project (the fluidic analysis).

The thesis deals with austenitic stainless steel ČSN 42 2930, ASTM A351 CF8 and evaluates its mechanical and technological properties. The first part of this work is focused on properties of austenitic steels, it describes the process of melting and casting of steel on the basis of the realized experiments. It also deals with the mechanical properties of the used steel. The second section of the thesis is dedicated to the historical development of the maximum fluidity tests and main factors affecting the maximum fluidity of alloys. Maximum fluidity values have been processed on the basis of different casting temperatures of the maximum fluidity tests of the used steel. The third part of the work examines the effect of the casting temperature on the feeding distance of the used steel as well as the influence on its shrinkage rate.

Bacterial cell division requires formation of the cytokinetic cell division septum at the mid-cell position, a process that is determined by three Min proteins; MinC, MinD and MinE. Regulation of cell division by Min proteins occurs via a multi-step process involving interactions between various Min proteins, as well as the membrane. In this cycle, ATP-bound MinD binds to the membrane surface where it can recruit MinC to inhibit formation of the cell division septum. MinE binding to this complex displaces MinC and stimulates ATP hydrolysis, leading to the dissociation of MinD from the membrane. These interactions give rise to a dynamic pattern of Min protein localization that appears to involve a polymeric state that is designed to create a zone that is permissive to cell division at the mid-point of the cell. The interaction between MinD and the membrane is a critical aspect of this cycle, yet the role of the lipid bilayer in MinD activation, localization and polymerization is not well understood. To probe the role of membrane charge and fluidity on MinD activation and polymerization, we developed a kinetic assay of MinE-stimulated MinD ATPase activity. We found that membrane charge is essential for MinD activation and that differences in membrane fluidity give rise to changes in its activity. Moreover, a burst phase was also observed during the first few minutes of reaction, but only on the most fluid anionic lipid tested. To help determine if the observed membrane-dependent changes in MinD activity are linked to any changes in MinD polymer structure, we have begun to develop a method to identify surface exposed regions of MinD through a combination of covalent labeling and mass spectrometry. Optimization of various steps for the assay has been done, and the assay can be applied to the future characterization of MinD polymer structure. Results from this assay, in combination with those from the kinetic measurements described here, will help to improve understanding about how membrane properties modulate MinD ATPase activity, and how this can influence the Min protein oscillation that is required to ensure normal bacterial cell division.

"What is cinema? The emergent digital era poses this question in a new and interesting way because for the first time in the history of film theory the photographic processes is challenged as the basis of cinematic representation. If the discipline of cinema studies is anchored to a specific material object a real conundrum emerges with the arrival of digital technologies as a dominant aesthetic and social force" (D.N. Rodowick 2007: 9). Over the past twenty-five years or more there has been a paradigm shift occurring in the manner in which moving images are conceived, acquired, produced, disseminated and consumed. This transformation of the modus operandi of production can be attributed to the overwhelming expansion and rapid advance of digital technologies. Through both critical reflection and creative practice this thesis will explore the extent to which there might be a discontinuity between analogue and digital cinematography; whether cinema itself and the basis of photographic representation have been changed, as Rodowick infers. It will draw on debates of realism, the index, and of the medium in relation to the seminal theories of new media. The thesis will introduce the term Digital Fluidity. This is the central concept that has emerged out of my research that describes how technologies utilised in production and post-production function together to enable a fluid process or mode of filmmaking, based on a logic of hybridity and technological convergence. Digital Fluidity engages with two key arguments in new media theory, namely that of ‘re-mediation’ (Bolter and Grusin, 2000), and the ‘computerisation of culture’ (Manovich, 2001). The thesis comprises of a 30 000 word dissertation and a portfolio of practical work of three films. Firstly there are two documentary shorts Grasp the Words Which Sing (2010), and Picnic Pilgrimage (2012), which deal with themes such as the perception of art in the case of the former and the mobility of both the camera and the subject in the latter. In the documentary productions the reflective focus is concentrated on the digital camera as capture device, re-appropriation of technology, and continuity with analogue production techniques. The films are produced on a modified DSLR camera with 35mm lenses and demonstrate a progression in visual style from a static camera in the case of the first film to a necessarily more mobile camera in the second and third. A longer dramatic production Not For Human Consumption (2013) is a tragic love story that explores the emotive social issue of legal high substance misuse. This film uses improvisation and experimental camera systems as well as some conventions that hold their lineage in the silent era, such as the long take and frontal framing. Here the theoretical analysis explores the integration of analogue and digital techniques and equipment by looking at the processes involved and relating these practices with the concept of Digital Fluidity. The improvised narrative was created as the film was in production – a choice that was facilitated largely by the decision to shoot digitally. The three films, although very different, are related by the connection between the processes of filmmaking undergone in each case and the thesis’ core definition of Digital Fluidity. The central research question poised within this thesis will therefore be: ‘Do digital technologies offer the filmmaker enhanced opportunity for creating new cinematic language and a more fluid mode of production than previous forms?

Surfactin, a secondary metabolite produced by Bacillus subtilis, is a surface active compound and antibiotic permeabilizing membrane bilayer. The aim of this study was to reveal the self-resistance strategy at the level of the lipid moiety of cytoplasmic membrane, which B. subtilis employs to combat surfactin in concentrations that are lethal for other bacterial species. Non-producing strain B. subtilis 168 was cultivated in the presence of two different sublethal concentrations of surfactin (350 a 650 µg/ml), which was isolated from the culture broth of B. subtilis ATCC 21332. Presence of surfactin in the medium resulted in a concentration dependent lag phase, which took 40 min (350 µg/ml) and 3 h (650 µg/ml), respectively. Afterwards, the culture grew with the altered doubling time of 44 min (350 µg/ml) and 126 min (650 µg/ml), respectively. Surfactin induced substantial changes in the phospholipid composition of the cytoplasmic membrane. The proportion of the major phospholipid component phosphatidylglycerol decreased and inversely, the level of phosphatidylethanolamine increased. Interestingly, the content of phosphatidic acid rose considerably in the presence of surfactin concentration causing stimulation of B. subtilis growth (350 µg/ml). Liposome leakage assay using phospholipids mimicking...

Manufacturing processes are getting more and more complex with increasing demands of advanced and light weight engineering components, especially in aerospace industry. The global requirements on lower fuel consumption and emissions are increasing the demands in lowering weight of cast components. Ability to produce components in lower wall thickness will not only help to reduce the cost of production but also help to improve the efficiency of engineering systems resulting in lower fuel consumption and lesser environmental hazardous emissions. In order to produce thin-walled components, understanding of mechanism behind fluidity as it is effected by casting parameters is very important. Similarly, for complex components study of solidification morphology and its effects on castability is important to understand. The aim of this work was to investigate casting of thin-walled test geometries (less than 2mm) in aero-space grades of alloys. The casting trials were performed to investigate the fluidity as a function of casting parameters and filling system in thin-walled sections. Test geometries with different thickness were cast and evaluated in terms of filled area with respect to casting parameters, ı.e. casting temperature and shell preheat temperature. Different feeding systems were investigated to evaluate effects of filling mode on castability. Similarly for complex components where geometries are very organic in shape, solidification morphology effects the quality of castings. Process parameters, that effect the solidification morphology were identified and evaluated. In order to develop a relation between defect formation and process parameters, solidification behaviour was investigated using simulations and casting trials. Similarly the effect of factors that influence grain structure and flow related defects were studied. It was observed that fluidity is affected by the mode of geometry filling in investment casting process. The filling mode also have different effect on defect formation. A top-gated configuration is strongly affected by casting parameters where as a bottom-gated configuration is more stable and thus fluidity is not significantly affected by variation in casting parameters. Less porosity and flow-related defects were observed in the bottom-gated system as compared to top-gated system. In the study about casting defects as affected by process parameters, it was observed that shell thickness is important to avoid interdendritic shrinkage. It was observed that the increased shell thickness induces a steeper thermal gradient which is essential in order to minimize the width of the mushy zone. It was also observed that a slower cooling rate along with a steeper thermal gradient at the metal-mould interface not only helps to avoid shrinkage porosity but also increases fill-ability in thinner sections. The work presented here is focused on the optimization of process parameters, in order, for instance, to improve castability and reduce the casting defects in investment casting process. The work, however, does not focus on externally influencing the casting conditions or modifying the casting/manufacturing process. The future work towards PhD will be focused on externally improving the casting conditions and investigating other possible route of manufacturing for thin, complex components.

Bryne AB has invented a device called Loop for measuring the fluidity of molten metal. Loop is made up of refractory fiber material and has a dimension of 196 sq.mm within which there is an engraved spiral shaped runway for the molten metal to flow. The distance traveled by the molten metal in the spiral determines its fluidity and is measured visually by the operator with the help of the spiral scale printed on the Loop. A workstation is used to support the Loop for an easier and better working environment. At present, the entire operation of fluidity measurement is done manually. The aim of the thesis is to develop an automatic workstation for the fluidity measurement and find a technique to measure the fluidity without human visual aid. Further, an attempt has been made to find a way to store and retrieve the measured values for future use.   The automation of the workstation is done with the help of Arduino Uno circuit board for electrical connections and Arduino IDE for programming the circuit. MATLAB image processing tool is used for measuring the fluidity digitally.   The prototype of the automated workstation is built and showcases the ability to reduce the time and operational errors. The automation of the unplugging operation saves up to 7 seconds.  The digital measuring of the fluidity with FLIR thermal camera and MATLAB image processing tool does not show significant improvement in accuracy in measurement, but it reduces the dependency on the expertise of the operator. There is an error of 12.7% from the actual fluidity value.

Os fluxos de comércio exterior do Brasil e do estado de São Paulo são reflexos de condições estruturais de seus respectivos subespaços e de eventos que ocorreram no comércio internacional no período compreendido entre 1999 e 2014. Este período foi marcado por alguns eventos de grande impacto no plano mundial, tais como a ampliação da participação da China no comércio internacional e na divisão internacional do trabalho, além de um intenso ciclo de expansão dos fluxos de comércio internacional, interrompido pela crise norte-americana no ano de 2008, com reflexos mundiais. As exportações brasileiras apresentam uma forte expansão a partir de 1999, acompanhando o crescimento do comércio mundial e a valorização das commodities, proporcionando superávits comerciais que perduram até o ano de 2014.Já o estado de São Paulo,muito embora apresente a maior participação no comércio exterior brasileiro dentre todas as unidades da federação, demonstra uma tendência deficitária, associada à maior participação de insumos produtivos em sua pauta de importação, e também ao mercado consumidor de alto poder aquisitivo, que intensificam os valores das importações num ritmo superior ao crescimento de suas exportações. Já as exportações paulistas, muito embora apresentem maior participação de mercadorias de alto valor agregado, não acompanham o dinamismo do comércio exterior brasileiro. A partir da hipótese de que a presença de condições de fluidez e porosidade diferenciados no território paulista afetam os seus fluxos de comércio exterior, este trabalho busca entender a dinâmica do comércio exterior paulista dentro do recorte temporal especificado (1999-2014), estudando as características dos principais produtos que fazem parte de sua pauta comercial, bem como dos mercados de origem e destino destes fluxos. / The flows of foreign trade in Brazil and the state of São Paulo reflect the unique conditions of their subspaces and the events that occurred in international trade in the period between 1999 and 2014. This period was marked by events of great impact at the world level, such as the expansion of China\'s participation in international trade and also into the international division of labor, as well as an intense cycle of expansion of international trade flows, interrupted by the United State crisis in 2008, with global repercussions. Brazilian exports have shown a strong expansion since 1999, following the growth of world trade and the appreciation of commodities, providing commercial surpluses that last until 2014. The state of São Paulo, although it has the largest share of trade in Brazil\'s foreign market, shows a deficit trend, associated to the higher share of productive inputs in its imports, and also due to the high purchasing power of its consumer market, which intensifies import growth faster than its exports. On the other hand, even though they have a higher share of high value added goods, São Paulo\'s exports dont follow the dynamism of Brazilian exports. Based on the hypothesis that the presence of differentiated fluidity and porosity conditions in the territory of São Paulo affect its foreign trade flows, this work seeks to understand the dynamics of the São Paulo foreign trade within the specified time frame (1999-2014), studying the characteristics of the main products that are part of its trade agenda, as well as the markets of origin and destination of these flows.

Frente a um período no qual a escala de ação para muitos agentes sociais sobretudo as empresas hegemônicas no mercado globalizado corresponde ao mundo, os territórios nacionais são mobilizados e transformados de maneira a viabilizar a organização e eficiência dos circuitos espaciais produtivos internacionalizados. A criação dos Centros Logísticos e Industriais Aduaneiros (CLIAs) é, além de muitas outras, uma dessas adaptações do território. São recintos que exercem função aduaneira de despacho/admissão de mercadorias importadas ou a serem exportadas, mas que se situam fora da zona primária de portos e aeroportos, constituindo-se como alternativa às alfândegas tradicionais para a importação ou exportação de mercadorias. São, então, novos objetos geográficos que aumentam a porosidade territorial brasileira criando caminhos mais fluidos para as trocas internacionais, principalmente para alguns circuitos espaciais produtivos. A presença deles no estado de São Paulo liga-se diretamente ao processo de industrialização desse território uma vez que são utilizados em grande parte pela indústria química e pela indústria automotiva. Torna-se importante, assim, a individualização das relações estabelecidas entre os CLIAs e as indústrias às quais são funcionais. Por fim, além da participação dos CLIAs nesses circuitos espaciais produtivos, também podem implicar diferentes relações com o lugar onde são instalados, criando modalidades diversas de integração ao território verticais e horizontais. É justamente o entendimento dessa dinâmica territorial complexa que se constitui no objetivo central do presente trabalho. / Facing a time in which the action scale for social agents especially the hegemonic companies in the globalized market comprises the world, national territories are mobilized and changed in order to allow the organization and efficiency of internationalized spatial productive circuits. The establishment of Logistic and Industrial Customs Centers (CLIAs) is one among several of those territory adaptations. The CLIAs are entities responsible for the customs services of regulating the flow of imported and exported goods, yet they are based out of the primary zone of airports and harbors, hence consisting of an alternative to the traditional customs for the importation and exportation of goods. Therefore, CLIAs are new geographic agents that increase the Brazilian territorial porosity, creating more fluid pathways for international trade, mainly for some spatial productive circuits. The presence of these entities in the State of São Paulo is directly related to the industrialization process of this territory, since they are largely used by the chemical and automotive industries. We believe that it is important to disentangle the relationships established between the CLIAs and the industries for which they function. Besides the involvement of CLIAs in these spatial productive circuits, they may also develop different relationships with the place where they are based, generating diverse means of integration with the territory vertical and horizontal. It is precisely the understanding of this complex territorial dynamics that constitutes the central objective of this work.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-12-08T13:05:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LEICINA ALVES XAVIER PIRES.pdf: 777172 bytes, checksum: c805093831e6769e207cbce7fbad4705 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-08T13:05:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LEICINA ALVES XAVIER PIRES.pdf: 777172 bytes, checksum: c805093831e6769e207cbce7fbad4705 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-21 / This work intends to make a relational study of some Salvador Dalí’s paintings and Fernando Pessoa 's writing in “ Na Floresta do Alheamento” under the perspective of the aesthetics, persistence and fluidity. We aim to prove that both pictorial and poetic language are fluid, fragmented, wistful, paradoxical, sensitive and full of drunkenness. They bring us a range of images, dreams and magical worlds of the unconscious, leading us to the transaesthetic, which is a transspace, since works navigate in the interlude, in the writing of the artistic imagination, in a state of liquidity. These works lie outside the world of rationality, opening up to the world of onirism. The proposal has as its motto the phenomenological approach with emphasis on the paradoxical contrast relevant to contemporary aesthetics. This study is part of a line of research that deals with contemporary criticism and seeks to find the theoretical features of art now. Thus, it is expected that this dissertation can serve as a model of aesthetic relationships of works in different forms and species. In this way, we will initially approach the work of art as a process of sensitive fluidity, such as concealment, reverie, movement and fragmentation. Subsequently, we will trace the person’s poetic art course, in the interlude, moving from dissimulation to absurdity and from modernity to contemporaneity. Finally, we will talk about the persistence and fluidity of Dalinian paintings. We will focus on the unusual, the fragmentation, the saturn and the bizarre, realizing a counterpoint with the person’s poetic prose. / Este trabalho pretende fazer um estudo relacional de algumas pinturas de Salvador Dalí e da escrita de Fernando Pessoa em Na Floresta do Alheamento sob a perspectiva da estética da persistência e fluidez. Almejamos comprovar que tanto a linguagem pictórica quanto a poética mostram-se fluidas, fragmentadas, devaneantes, paradoxais, sensitivas e de plena embriaguez. Elas nos trazem uma gama de imagens, de sonhos e de mundos mágicos do inconsciente, nos conduzindo para o transestético, que é um transespaço, pois que as obras navegam no entrelugar, na escrita do imaginário artístico, em estado de liquidez. Essas obras encontram-se fora do mundo da racionalidade, abrindo-se para o mundo do onirismo. A proposta tem como mote a abordagem fenomenológica com ênfase no contraste paradoxal pertinente à estética contemporânea. Este estudo faz parte de uma linha de pesquisa que trata da crítica contemporânea e que procura encontrar os traços teóricos da arte de agora. Dessa forma, espera-se que esta dissertação possa servir como modelo de relações estéticas de obras em formas e espécies diferentes. Desse modo, inicialmente, abordaremos a obra de arte como processo de fluidez sensitiva, como dissimulação, devaneio, movimento e como fragmentação. Posteriormente, traçaremos o percurso da arte poética pessoana que se encontra no entrelugar, transitando da dissimulação ao absurdo, e da modernidade à contemporaneidade. Por último, discorreremos sobre a persistência e fluidez nas pinturas dalinianas. Enfocaremos o insólito, a fragmentação, o saturno e o bizarro, realizando um contraponto com a prosa poética pessoana.