Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-05-03T19:48:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Lara Patricia Santos Carrasco.pdf: 1457762 bytes, checksum: 82c38851cf4f7b3e95d40cfbb6f7ddee (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-03T19:48:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Lara Patricia Santos Carrasco.pdf: 1457762 bytes, checksum: 82c38851cf4f7b3e95d40cfbb6f7ddee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-16 / Tritrichomonas foetus has been recently recognized as an important cause of diarrhea in various countries. The aim of this study was to diagnose and treat the infection by T. foetus in cats treated at HVPA of UFRRJ, identify the clinical relevance of this parasite, the risk factors, presence of co-infections and clinical response to treatment. In this study, were admitted 100 felines, from different breeds, both sexes and from 16 weeks of age. As inclusion criteria, patients had to have diarrhea history for more than three weeks, with little success of clinical response to treatments previously used. From the stool samples obtained by colon washing or spontaneous defecation it was conducted direct examination of stool, centrifugal flotation technique and real-time PCR. Of the 100 cats selected for this study, 10% had T. foetus infection. Most positive animals were over one year old (70%) and only 30% had up to 1 year old. Cats were 80% purebred and 20% were animals mongrel. The clinical signs present were diarrhea (60%), weight loss (10%), hemoatochezia (30%) and presence of mucus in the stool (20%). Only two animals were positive for the antigen of FeLV virus, and theses showed more severe case of diarrhea. Three animals showed co-infections with other enteropathogens (30%), one with Giardia, one with Cryptosporidium and one with Cystoisospora. All treated animals showed clinical improvement with the administrations of ronidazole at a dose 30mg/kg every 24 hours during 14 days and showed no recurrence until the recent time. We can conclude that T. foetus infection is an important differential diagnosis in cats with chronic diarrhea, which cats of any age and regardless of whether purebred or not, may have the infection, other enteropathogens needs to be investigated in all cases and the treatment was effective in the resolution of clinical signs of all treated cats. / Tritrichomonas foetus foi recentemente reconhecido como um importante agente etiol?gico de diarreia em diversos pa?ses. O objetivo deste estudo foi diagnosticar e tratar a infec??o por T. foetus nos gatos atendidos no HVPA da UFRRJ, identificar a relev?ncia cl?nica deste parasita, os fatores de risco, a presen?a de co- infec??es e resposta cl?nica ao tratamento. Neste trabalho, foram admitidos 100 animais da esp?cie felina, de diferentes ra?as, de ambos os sexos e a partir de 16 semanas de idade. Como crit?rio de inclus?o, os pacientes deveriam apresentar hist?rico de diarreia a mais de tr?s semanas, com pouco sucesso de resposta cl?nica para terap?uticas previamente institu?das. A partir das amostras de fezes obtidas por coleta via lavagem do colon dos animais e pelo ato de defeca??o espont?nea, foram realizados os m?todos do exame direto das fezes, t?cnica de centrifugo flutua??o e PCR em tempo real. Dos 100 gatos que foram selecionados para esta pesquisa, 10% apresentaram infec??o por T. foetus. A maioria dos animais positivos estavam na faixa et?ria acima de um ano (70%) e apenas 30% tinha at? um ano de idade. Os gatos eram 80% de ra?a pura e 20% eram animais sem ra?a definida. Os sinais cl?nicos apresentados por esses gatos foram diarreia (60%), perda de peso (10%), hematoquezia (30%) e presen?a de muco nas fezes (20%). Apenas dois animais infectados eram positivos para o ant?geno do v?rus da FeLV, e estes apresentaram um quadro mais severo de diarreia. Tr?s animais apresentaram coinfec??es com outros enteropat?genos (30%), um com Giardia sp, um com Cryptosporidium e outro com Cystoisospora. Todos os gatos tratados apresentaram melhora cl?nica com a administra??o do f?rmaco ronidazol na dose de 30 mg/Kg a cada 24 horas por 14 dias, n?o apresentando recidiva da diarreia at? o recente momento. Podemos concluir que a infec??o por T. foetus ? um importante diagn?stico diferencial em felinos com diarreia cr?nica, que gatos de qualquer idade e independente de ser de ra?a pura ou n?o, podem apresentar a infec??o, que a co- infec??o com outros enteropat?genos necessita ser investigada em todos os casos e que o tratamento foi efetivo na resolu??o dos sinais cl?nicos de todos os gatos tratados.

This thesis weaves together disparate sources of theoretical knowledge with the lived experience of 11 women to illuminate the mysterious world of pre-natal relating - the foundation for postnatal life and the beginnings of the capacity to love. Love and supportive relationships can ameliorate stress and trauma post-birth, but do they operate prenatally, and if so how? This research clearly shows that mothers relate to their preborns and from the rich detail of their stories, the author proposes a schema that captures the complexity and changing nature of prenatal relating. The basic physiological and neurological structures are formed from conception, making the preborn vulnerable to the effects of direct and maternal experience. Preborns have extensive capacities that include the potential for interaction. These capacities and experiences affect infant development post birth. This evidence supports the author's initial hypothesis that prenatal stress is a significant factor in the attentional and behavioural problems of childhood, and challenges purely genetic explanations. 'Normal' life events have greater potency during pregnancy, making the transition to parenthood stressful even for many women in low risk situations. Feeling supported is essential for the health and well-being of the mother and preborn. This thesis reports a phenomenological and prospective study of 11 pregnant women as they lived the prenatal journey. From the interviews, it describes the development of the prenatal relationship and the range of stressful and supportive factors that should be considered in the creation of child and family friendly communities. / Master of Science (Hons)

<p>In this modern period, societal and religious groups are strongly divided regarding the acceptability of abortion. Despite so many attempts by various groups to find a middle ground, the debate on abortion still remains largely polarized, at its most dramatic point with the extreme conservatives claiming abortion to be the moral equivalent of murder and the extreme liberals see it as devoid of moral import. And this polarization is due to the legal battle that continues to shadow moral discussions. An acceptance of an ethical nuance will here play as a concession on the deeply contested question of whether abortion should be a legally protected option for a woman, and to an extent blame for the continued crudeness which can be laid at the doorstep of a moral theory itself. Apparently, the ethical literature on abortion has focused almost exclusively on the tiniest moral assessment on whether and when abortion is morally permissible. This question is a crucial one indeed and its answer is desperately sought in this thesis by exposing the position of the Catholic Church.</p>

In this modern period, societal and religious groups are strongly divided regarding the acceptability of abortion. Despite so many attempts by various groups to find a middle ground, the debate on abortion still remains largely polarized, at its most dramatic point with the extreme conservatives claiming abortion to be the moral equivalent of murder and the extreme liberals see it as devoid of moral import. And this polarization is due to the legal battle that continues to shadow moral discussions. An acceptance of an ethical nuance will here play as a concession on the deeply contested question of whether abortion should be a legally protected option for a woman, and to an extent blame for the continued crudeness which can be laid at the doorstep of a moral theory itself. Apparently, the ethical literature on abortion has focused almost exclusively on the tiniest moral assessment on whether and when abortion is morally permissible. This question is a crucial one indeed and its answer is desperately sought in this thesis by exposing the position of the Catholic Church.

La présente recherche exploratoire étudie les représentations maternelles du foetus à partir de journaux intimes écrits par des femmes enceintes russophones. À travers l'écriture, ces représentations évoluent et fluctuent tout au long des trois trimestres de la grossesse. L'analyse des textes tient compte de la place qu'occupe le lecteur: place aussi imaginaire pour les femmes écrivant leurs journaux que leur relation avec le foetus qu'elles portent. L'analyse est introduite par un survol multidisciplinaire des études du phénomène de la représentation dans les sciences, dans les arts et dans la théorie psychanalytique qui est la référence théorique dominante de notre étude. La présentation de principes de la textanalyse qui guident la lecture de textes et le parcours des théories de la psycho-sexualité féminine constituent la partie théorique qui soutient l'exploration de l'univers des représentations maternelles du foetus. La méthode d'analyse des journaux intimes qui est inspirée de la sémiologie de Roland Barthes et de la lecture psychodynarnique du contenu des textes s'effectue en trois étapes. Le lecteur doit tout d'abord se référer au deuxième volume de la thèse où sont présentés le texte original des journaux intimes et son analyse « primaire ». Cette phase initiale de notre recherche vise à repérer les thèmes principaux et les passages du texte qui soulèvent un questionnement du chercheur. L'analyse « secondaire », présentée dans le deuxième volume, qui constitue le corps principal de la thèse, offre au lecteur la possibilité de suivre le cheminement des inquiétudes et des préoccupations des femmes enceintes. Le lecteur y trouve la description de leurs fantasmes reliés à la grossesse et au foetus qui devient progressivement représenté en tant qu'un bébé. Suit l'analyse « comparative» qui reflète la tentative du chercheur de synthétiser les données recueillies. L'objectif de cette analyse est de comprendre ce que ces femmes enceintes avaient de commun. C'est en essayant de répondre à la question « Pourquoi écrivaient-elles leurs journaux ? » que s'est organisée une perspective sur les aspects à la fois similaires et différents de leur activité représentationnelle durant la grossesse. L'écriture permet à la femme enceinte vivant les différents changements physiologiques et psychologiques de s'exprimer librement et à son aise. Elle offre la possibilité de partager avec le lecteur ses pensées et ses craintes. Le lecteur inconnu est investi imaginairernent. Le fait d'écrire vise à contrôler une certaine excitation provoquée par les multiples conflits intérieurs que vit la femme enceinte et semble avoir un effet de soulagement immédiat des angoisses du moment dont la femme tente de se débarrasser. Le journal intime se révèle comme un lieu parfait pour parler de soi-même et de tout ce que l'on désire, pour représenter son enfant à venir et même pour accomplir des réparations fantasmatiques de sa vie et de la vie de ces proches. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Représentation, Représentation maternelle du foetus, Les caractéristiques du foetus dans la représentation, Grossesse, Textanalyse, Analyse de journaux intimes, Fonction de l'écriture.

Thèse d'exercice : Médecine. Médecine générale : Paris 12 : 2007. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. 66 f. Bibliogr. f. 65-66.

Thesis (M.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1979.

The question of whether parents-to-be have a moral obligation to maximize the welfare of their future children before they are born has fuelled considerable debate and a multitude of contrasting opinions from within the philosophical, legal and medical academic literature over the last three decades. It is unsurprising that this burst of activity in the field has coincided with continuous and significant advances in the field of reproductive, perinatal and neonatal medicine. These advances perpetually re-set the bar as to what screening processes and therapies can be offered before birth to ensure that infants are born in the healthiest possible state. By extension, I argue, that our obligations towards the unborn should also change. Within this thesis I explore philosophical and legal theories relating to responsibilities held to the unborn child by those wishing to be parents but also the State. In doing so, I approach the available literature from a more clinical viewpoint. I argue that in future, when screening processes and in utero therapies are likely to be safer and more effective, the duty of future parents to bring to life the healthiest child possible will become more compelling. In my articles I employ a personhood view of the foetus and argue that eventual children can be harmed in the pre-personal stage. I carefully analyze what it means to be harmed and apply a comparative account of harm through the thesis in trying to answer the five main questions that permeate through the articles. I question whether parents-to-be have a moral obligation to engage with antenatal screening services, I do not limit the screening processes to genetics alone but include foetal anomaly and microbiological information acquired antenatally in the process. I also explore what the obligations of parents-to-be are, once a screening process reveals a certain problem or risk. I elaborate on what circumstances they may be obliged to act upon, in a way that treats or minimizes the risks posed to the foetus. I argue that even in the absence of a cure, antenatally acquired information can be vital for the welfare of the child and this should compel parents to engage with the services on offer. I also purport that if there is a cure the parents are obliged to uptake it, provided it is safe and with good clinical outcomes. Finally I question whether the State has a moral duty to increase uptake of such antenatal health programs and if so to what extent should it attempt to do so. By analyzing the moral limits of law I argue that impositions on individual liberties in the interest of the unborn may only be reasonable if our reproductive choices stand to significantly harm others. I argue that recent amendments in English and Welsh Law that prohibit the application of advanced reproductive technologies to select for disabled foetuses signify an important change in the way the State values the welfare of future children. I explore international legal cases that suggest that the foetus is increasingly afforded more legal protections and investigate possible ways in which we could objectively quantify harm caused antenatally in a manner that would help us decide if and when the State should intervene with reproductive choices of parents-to-be. Finally, I elaborate on the how State led medical paternalism can be stratified and what each stratum involves in terms of intervention. I put forth that the State ought to explore avenues of soft and moderate paternalism first but should stop short of hard paternalism for a number of reasons.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-27T13:39:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-12-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-09-27T13:45:08Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000870641.pdf: 755047 bytes, checksum: 904fea33f34db16ae9b0d792a4458f19 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / The present study investigated the occurrence of T. foetus in cats from Brazil. T. foetus is a protozoan that in cats it colonizes the colon resulting in colitis. The major clinical sign is chronic large bowel diarrhea. Infected cats may have spontaneous resolution of diarrhea, but they can remain infected for all life. In veterinary medical practice, there are three most widespread diagnostic methods that identify T. foetus in animal feces: direct examination of feces under the microscope, culture and PCR. In the present study, it was compared two diagnosis methods, direct examination of feces and PCR. And also it was done the genetic sequencing. Fecal samples from 129 cats were collected by rectal flush technique. Each sample was examined by optical microscopy (direct examination). The presence of T. foetus DNA was verified using PCR by amplification of 347 bases pairs from the primers TFR3 and TFR4. Amplicons of positive cases were sequenced. T. foetus was observed in one sample by direct microscopic examination of feces while PCR was positive in five cats (6.45%). Statistical analyses showed no significant associations between T. foetus infection and sex, age, breed, presence of diarrhea, history of diarrhea, previous treatment, lifestyle, environment, origin of the animals, and co-infections. The isolate of T. foetus showed 100% identical sequences with other T. foetus isolates from cats around the world and revealed a single nucleotide polymorphism (T>C) when compared with T. foetus isolate from cattle. Due the increasing interest in this parasite in cats, the present study contributes in further reporting the worldwide occurrence of T. foetus in cats because it is the first study about its occurrence in Brazil. / FAPESP: 2011/112436

Atualmente, grande parte do onhecimento adquirido sobre reprodução de serpentes, advém de estudos levados a efeito na América do Norte e Europa, com animais de regiões temperadas; e, na Austrália, com Elapídeos tropicais. No presente estudo foram utilizadas dez serpentes fêmeas prenhes de Crotalus durissus (Viperidae) de região neotropical, com o objetivo de descrever e correlacionar a morfologia do corpo lúteo, placenta e estágio fetal. Com isso pode-se inferir também, o tempo de prenhez. As técnicas realizadas para essa descrição e correlação foram: biometria macroscópica das fêmeas e suas estruturas; microscopia de luz com coloração de hematoxilina-eosina e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Foram coletados no total 124 corpos lúteos e 116 placentas, onde observou-se que a cascavel possui o corpo lúteo de caráter ovulatório e a placenta do tipo corioalantóica evolvida por uma delgada membrana da casca do ovo. Concluiu-se que o tamanho padrão da superfície dos corpos lúteos para uma prenhez normal é de 18 a 34 mm2 e que há um corpo lúteo para cada ovo, independente se está fertilizado ou atrésico, porém os ovos atrésicos não possuem placenta. Pela primeira vez foi possível visualizar a disposição estrutural dos filamentos calcários em forma de trama na membrana da casca do ovo. Foi inferida uma classificação da placenta em três estágios I, II e III de acordo com a morfologia e aumento das vilosidades apresentadas entre placenta e útero; e a partir da identificação do estágio de desenvolvimento embrionário e fetal pode-se inferir o tempo de prenhez em C. durissus, classificadas em três terços, inicial, médio e final, evidenciando que existe uma correlação entre a evolução dos estágios placentários com desenvolvimento fetal, conforme a evolução gradual da prenhêz / At de present time, great part of snake reproduction knowledge results from researches realized in North America and Europe, with temperate region animals; in Australia with tropical Elapides. At this present research, ten pregnant females of the snake Crotalus durissus (Viperidae), from Neotropical Region, were utilized. The main goal is to correlate the morphology, corpus luteum, placenta and fetal development. Then, it is also easy to deduce the pregnancy time. The techniques performed for this description and correlation were females macroscopic biometry and their structures; light microscopy with hematoxiline-eosine color and electronic scanning microscopy. 124 corpora lutea and 116 placentas were collected. In those samples could be observed that rattlesnakes have an ovulatory corpus luteum and a corioalantoic placenta wrapped by a slender membrane of the eggshell. Clearly the conclusion is that the normal standard size surface corpus luteum for a normal pregnancy is from 18 to 34mm² and that there is a corpus luteum for each egg, independently if it is fertilized or atresic; but, these atresic eggs have not placenta. For the first time it was possible to visualize the structural arrangement of the calcareous filaments in shaped frame in the eggshell membrane. It was inferred a placenta classification in three stages: I, II and III according to the morphology and increased vilosiddes presented among placenta and uterus; and, from the identification of embryonic and fetal development stage we can infer the time pregnancy in C. durissus, classified in three thirds, initial, middle and final, indicating that there is a correlation between the evolution of placental stage with fetal development, as the gradual evolution of pregnancy