Decreased food security is a major issue which influences numerous individuals in developing countries such as South Africa. Literature suggests that although detailed information is not available about the exact amount of food insecure households in South Africa, food insecurity does exist. Multiple factors influence decreased food security and households in informal settlements often portray high risks to decreased food security due to a lack of adequate resources to ensure sustainable food security. However, to the authors‟ knowledge limited information is available regarding the specific state of household food security in informal settlements in South Africa. Information regarding the influences various factors have on food security in an informal settlement is also limited. Therefore this study aimed to explore household food security in an informal settlement including the factors that could possibly contribute to food insecurity. According to literature, the pillars of food security consist of food availability, accessibility and utilisation and can contribute to a decrease in household food security or the enhancement thereof. In addition, socio-demographical factors such as income, household size and level of education can influence household food security. Based on this information, the pillars of food security and socio-demographical aspects of a household were used as possible factors that influence food security and were included as part of the theoretical framework. Utilisation as part of the food security pillars was closely explored to determine if the knowledge and suggested implementation thereof was effective and contributing to household food security. The influence of knowledge of basic food related aspects on food security were therefore determined in this, combined with the relationships between various socio-demographics and food security. Furthermore, through these findings recommendations were made on how food security can be enhanced in the households of the identified informal settlement. A quantitative research approach was used in this study. As part of non-probability sampling interviewer administered questionnaires were presented to 103 respondents at Nutrifeeds production and distribution facility in the Viljoenskroon area. Existing questionnaires and surveys relevant to this study subject were consulted to develop the questionnaire which explored demographics, food production and knowledge of food handling, utilisation, storage practices, and food security. All questionnaires were completed and the data was analysed by Statistical Consultation Services at the North-West University, Potchefstroom, using the Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results indicated that the majority of respondents possessed knowledge regarding food handling practices. Knowledge of food related aspects were indicated to be implemented accordingly, by most respondents with regard to food utilisation (preparation, hygiene and storage). It was determined that the more than two thirds of the respondents and their households were at risk of food insecurity or food insecure suggesting that a need exists for food insecurity to be addressed in this informal settlement. According to the results that were obtained in this study, food insecurity in the Viljoenskroon area, Rammulotsi informal settlement can be acknowledged. Additionally, the findings enabled the researcher to make recommendations to local businesses, clinics and local authorities regarding the enhancement of household food security in the area. The recommendations include the enhancement of knowledge regarding food related aspects, food production opportunities, food access and utilisation in the community as a means to improve the status of household food security in this informal settlement. / M Consumer Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

p. 1-132 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-10T17:47:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Odilon Seg Tese.pdf: 667461 bytes, checksum: 6ef86749197b282262299f32453aa110 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-04-22T19:29:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Odilon Seg Tese.pdf: 667461 bytes, checksum: 6ef86749197b282262299f32453aa110 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-22T19:29:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Odilon Seg Tese.pdf: 667461 bytes, checksum: 6ef86749197b282262299f32453aa110 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / O fornecimento de alimento seguro para consumo é uma questão de saúde pública. Normas que estabelecem vários procedimentos para manipulação, produção e comércio de alimentos prontos têm sido editadas, em particular a RDC-216 da ANVISA, que norteia as regulamentações estaduais e municipais. Entretanto, as práticas cotidianas de cozinheiros de restaurante populares estão bem distantes das regulamentações técnicas. Isso foi constatado nesta pesquisa de caráter qualitativo, através de observações de campo e entrevistas semiestruturadas com cozinheiros que trabalham em restaurantes populares do Bairro do Comércio de Salvador – Bahia. A rotina de trabalho dos cozinheiros segue um modelo próprio, com significações particulares. Muitas vezes essas práticas estão em desacordo com os conhecimentos científicos oferecendo risco à saúde dos milhares de comensais que se alimentam diariamente nesses espaços. Não há diálogo entre saberes técnicos e leigos, o primeiro está estabelecido em normas, mas não aplicado; o segundo prevalece de forma efetiva. Por isso a necessidade de se observar e compreender as práticas dos cozinheiros e a partir delas adequar às políticas públicas com programas educativos e de qualificação que resultem em novos comportamentos para a produção de alimentos seguros em restaurantes populares. / Salvador

Treinamento e educação em higiene e segurança alimentar são fundamentais à manipulação adequada dos alimentos, mas não necessariamente resultam em mudanças de atitudes e comportamentos. A avaliação da efetividade de treinamentos deve considerar não só o conhecimento teórico mas a investigação de atitudes. Utilizando-se o método do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC) para conhecer a percepção dos manipuladores de alimentos quanto às atitudes para garantir a segurança alimentar, foi elaborado um questionário com cinco questões abertas, cada qual relacionada a uma das \"cinco chaves para uma alimentação mais segura\" recomendadas pela OMS, e aplicado a trabalhadores de estabelecimentos comerciais com atividade de restaurantes e similares da região central do município de São Paulo. Participaram da pesquisa 48 indivíduos, do sexo masculino (83,3%) e feminino (16,7%), de idade entre 18 e 76 anos, sendo que apenas 39,6% relataram ter participado de curso de boas práticas na manipulação de alimentos. A presença de prestadores de serviços relacionados à segurança alimentar nos estabelecimentos foi relatada por 22,9% dos entrevistados. Na questão 1 foram identificadas cinco categorias de respostas: deve-se lavar as mãos para evitar contaminação cruzada, deve-se lavar as mãos, deve-se lavar as mãos porque mexeu no lixo, o manipulador de alimentos não pode mexer no lixo, bem como um conceito incorreto sobre o uso de luvas; e uma ancoragem: lavar as mãos é um dever do funcionário. Na questão 2 foram identificadas três categorias de respostas: deve-se usar utensílios diferentes para manipular diferentes tipos de alimentos, \"passar uma água\" não é um processo de higienização adequado e \"passar uma água\" é suficiente para higienizar utensílios. Na questão 3 foram identificadas seis categorias de respostas: ovo pode ser servido com gema mole, ovo com gema mole pode ser servido para satisfazer o cliente mas oferece risco à saúde, ovo com gema mole pode ser servido para satisfazer o cliente mas não é permitido, ovo com gema mole não deve ser servido porque não é permitido, ovo com gema mole não deve ser servido porque oferece risco à saúde, ovo com gema mole não deve ser servido porque é proibido pela Vigilância Sanitária; e uma ancoragem: \"o cliente tem sempre razão\". Na questão 4 foram identificadas três categorias de respostas: descongelamento de alimentos não deve ser feito à temperatura ambiente, descongelamento de alimentos pode ser feito à temperatura ambiente desde que o produto esteja embalado, e descongelamento de alimentos pode ser feito à temperatura ambiente. Na questão 5 foram identificadas três categorias de respostas: o produto pode estar contaminado ou com prazo de validade expirado sem alteração de suas características organolépticas, não se deve utilizar produto sem etiqueta informando seu prazo de validade, e é possível saber se o produto está apto para consumo avaliando-se suas características organolépticas. De modo geral, a percepção dos entrevistados foi heterogênea sobre os temas pesquisados independentemente de ter participado de cursos de boas práticas ou de pertencer ao quadro de estabelecimento com assessoria, consultoria ou responsável técnico. / Food safety training and education are essential to ensure adequate food handling, but not always results in practice and behavioral changes. The evaluation of training effectiveness must consider not only the theoretical knowledge but also the practices in place. In order to assess the perceptions of food handlers about practices used to ensure food safety, a questionnaire was developed using the Collective Subject Discourse technique. The questionnaire consisted of five open questions, each one related to one of the \"five keys to safer food\" recommended by the World Health Organization, and applied to food workers from commercial restaurants and similar establishments in the São Paulo city downtown area. Forty-eight individuals were interviewed, males (83,3%) and females (16,7%), 18 to 76 years old. Only 39,6% of the interviewed individuals received training on good manufacturing practices. The presence of a food safety consulting service in the establishment was reported by 22,9% of the respondents. In response to Question 1, five categories were identified in answers: must wash hands to prevent cross-contamination, must wash hands, must wash hands after handling garbage, the food handler must not handle garbage. Wrong concepts about wearing gloves were also identified, as well as the anchorage: \"employees must wash hands\". In response to Question 2 three categories were identified in answers: use separate equipment and utensils to manipulate different kinds of food, washing with water alone is an appropriate cleaning practice and washing with water alone is not an appropriate cleaning practice. In response to Question 3 six categories were identified in answers: eggs may be served with a soft yolk, eggs with a soft yolk may be served per customer request but present a health risk, eggs with a soft yolk may be served to please the customer but it is not allowed, eggs with a soft yolk may not be served because it is not allowed, eggs with a soft yolk may not be served because it is a health risk, eggs with a soft yolk may not be served because it is forbidden by the sanitary surveillance department. The anchorage: \"the customer is always right\" was also identified in this question. In response to Question 4 three categories were identified in answers: frozen food should not be thawed at room temperature, frozen food may be thawed at room temperature as long as the product is in a package, and frozen food may be thawed at room temperature. In response to Question 5 three categories were identified in answers: food may be contaminated or expired despite preservation of its organoleptic properties, a product without an expiration date label may not be used, and it is possible to know if food is safe to be consumed by assessing its organoleptic properties. In conclusion, respondents\' perceptions about the researched subjects were heterogeneous regardless if they participated in good manufacturing practices training or if they worked in establishments where consulting service or a technical manager was available.

Thesis (MPH.) -- University of Limpopo, 2016 / The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge and practices of food service staff regarding food safety and food hygiene in Capricorn District hospitals, Limpopo Province. Quantitative, cross-sectional research was conducted to determine the knowledge and practices of food service staff. A convenient sampling technique was employed to select 84 food service staff members (11 food service supervisor and 73 food service aids). Data collection was done using structured questionnaires. Food service staff members consisting of food service aids and food service supervisors participated in the study. The data were analysed using the statistical package for social sciences version 23. Of the respondents 50 (60%) are female whereas 34 (40%) are males. The largest group of them, 34 (40%) had secondary education, 23 (27%) had matric whereas 16 (19%) had post matric qualifications. 80 (95%) of them answered correctly that they use an air dryer or paper towel for drying hands after washing whereas 65 (77%) answered incorrectly when asked the difference between washing and sanitizing. Seventy eight of the respondents answered correctly on practice questionnaire that they only reheat leftovers once whereas 69 (82%) answered incorrectly about the temperature one should maintain for potentially hazardous food that has been cooked and needs to be reheated. In this study a significant correlation was observed between level of education and knowledge, with p-value 0.016 and again between level of education and practices (p-value 0.024), also between work activity and practice (p-value 0.021). There was significant difference between knowledge level and practice with p-value 0.045. The result of the study suggest that although most food service staff are knowledgeable regarding some aspects of food hygiene and food safety significant gaps remains in food safety practices, posing risk to hospitalised patients who are already vulnerable. There is a need for training in areas were food service staff are lacking knowledge.

The problem of this thesis consists primarily of a bacteriological survey of the eating utensils of Hardin College Cafeteria and twenty-five other eating establishments in the city of Wichita Falls, Texas. This investigation was made primarily with reference to a determination of the possible presence of typhoid and related organisms, and secondarily to an investigation of the actual presence of those bacterial organisms associated with the more common outbreaks of food poisoning.

Thesis (M. Tech. Environmental health) -- Central University of technology, Free State, 2011 / Millions of people in South Africa eat out every day, utilising the food service sector. Although the lack of an effective reporting system makes it difficult to know how many of these people suffer from food-borne illness, statistics from the developed countries show that this number may be significant. There is, therefore, the need to ensure that the food service sector, which encompasses fast food outlets, hotels and similar accommodation outlets offering food and beverage services, restaurants, caterers, etc., implement effective food safety management systems. Internationally, the trend has been that food safety management systems should be based on the internationally accepted Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) principles. In South Africa, the implementation of HACCP as a food safety management system has been driven by international trade requirements where foods are exported to countries such as the European Union or the United States of America. A national regulation requiring HACCP implementation was promulgated in 2003, but compliance is not yet required for the food service sector. Currently, neither of the above mentioned factors put adequate pressure on the food service sector to implement formal food safety management systems. However, increasing international tourism and the hosting of international sporting events has brought this sector under scrutiny. Food handlers have been implicated in many outbreaks of food-borne illness and much research has been done to investigate causal factors in this regard. Food handler training has been proposed as a strategy to improve food safety practices. However, research has shown that the traditional provision of food safety and food hygiene knowledge does not equate to improved food safety behaviours. Some authors postulate that the organisational context, created largely by the management of an organisation, is of greater significance than training. Less research is available on these management factors – defined as the situational factors when discussing organisational culture, or defined as enabling and reinforcing factors when discussing food handler behaviour. This study commenced with the hypothesis that food handlers are not able to implement the correct food safety behaviours in the absence of sufficient management support. This support would require appropriate policies regarding food safety, the provision of training and infrastructure and enforcing the correct behaviours by line management, as a minimum. The aim of this study was to investigate and assess the role of line management in relation to food safety at a prominent South African entertainment facility. In order to achieve this, the following objectives were defined for the study: to conduct a qualitative assessment of the role of management in food safety, to assess the role of management in the provision of food safety training and to assess the role of management in the provision of a basic hygiene infrastructure at the study site in order to allow food handlers to carry out the correct behaviours. The objective of conducting a qualitative study of management practices, policies and resource provision with respect to food safety revealed that there was no formal evidence of management commitment to food safety other than the recent provision of food handler training. The findings also indicated a lack of a formal management system for food safety at the study site. In the exploratory survey of food safety training and knowledge, results showed that only 60 % of staff in the survey had received training. This indicates that at the time of the survey, the study site did not fully comply with the minimum legal requirements for food handler training. The results of the employee survey further indicated that employees were aware of the importance of hand washing although it was not possible to determine whether this knowledge was as a result of the training intervention or prior knowledge. Many of the supervisors were not yet trained in food safety and the impact of the food safety training intervention on related behaviours at the site will require further in-depth assessment. Upon investigating the food hygiene infrastructure provided at the study site to allow food handlers to carry out the correct behaviours, findings indicated that although the personnel hygiene programme addressed most of best practice requirements in design, the implementation of the hand washing requirements was not aligned with accepted norms due to the lack of sufficient hand wash basins. The provision of facilities such as sufficient and conveniently located hand wash basins is a management function and findings suggest that, as a priority, management should ensure that they are not contributing to the lack of implementation of the correct food safety behaviours of food handlers as a result of failing to provide the necessary resources. The results of this study should be of value in the food service sector, specifically hotel kitchens, as a guideline to ensure that management plays an effective role in facilitating food safety management systems. A robust food safety and food hygiene training programme for all levels of the organisation is essential in ensuring adequate knowledge of food safety hazards and correct practices. Training should be supported by daily supervision of food safety controls, management commitment and a work environment that supports the implementation of the correct behaviours. Literature has shown that undesirable practices are often deeply rooted in kitchen culture. It has further been commented that culture changes require a top-down approach which usually involves working with the leadership of the organisation. Important policies and procedures generally originate from the management tiers and will always require the concurrence of management in providing resources, altering priorities or otherwise changing how things are done in the organisation. The results of this study are invaluable in highlighting areas in an organisation that could be targeted to change the kitchen culture. Such changes are primarily the responsibility of management. Ultimately, this study endeavours to contribute to the body of knowledge pointing to the role of social-behavioural aspects in ensuring food safety and thereby consumer well-being.

Master of Science / Department of Hospitality Management and Dietetics / Kevin R. Roberts / The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated that one in six Americans become ill,128,000 are hospitalized, and 3,000 die each year due to foodborne illness. Children are at a higher risk of acquiring foodborne illness than adults for several reasons, including: an immune system that has yet to fully develop, limiting their ability to fight infections; a lack of control over the food they consume because their meals are usually provided by others; and the lack of awareness of food safety risks. Thus, it is critical to ensure that childcare center employees practice safe food handling. The purpose of this study was to explore the food safety knowledge, practices, and barriers to safe food handling practices of childcare center employees. Observations were conducted in 10 childcare centers in Manhattan, Kansas. Each childcare center was observed for two days during lunch preparation and service. Observations of foodservice employees were conducted in the kitchen using a structured observation form. Teacher observations were conducted in the classroom using detailed notes. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic, food safety training, and food safety knowledge information. SPSS (v. 20.0) was used to analyze data. Childcare center employees had high average scores on the safety knowledge assessment. The majority of employees received some type of food safety training. Time pressures, availability of equipment, and small food preparation space were found as the main barriers to implementing safe food handling. Childcare center foodservice workers and teachers were knowledgeable about handwashing and time/temperature control, but failed to utilize on the job. Results of this study will help childcare educators to develop materials to improve food safety practices and encourage owners/managers of childcare centers to enhance their food safety behaviors.

Introdução. O comércio de baguncinha, sanduíche típico da região metropolitana de Cuiabá - MT é fonte de renda no mercado informal e alternativa de alimentação fora de casa. A vigilância sanitária tem problemas estruturais e financeiros para a fiscalização enquanto os organismos de saúde pública recomendam a capacitação dos manipuladores. Objetivo. Avaliar a eficácia de uma intervenção educativa na representação social e na prática de manipuladores de sanduíche baguncinha. Método. Foram pesquisados 35 pontos de venda, divididos em grupo controle e teste, antes e depois de intervenção educativa. Foram observadas as condições de higiene ambiental e pessoal por meio de check list e realizadas análises microbiológicas e medição de temperatura interna do sanduíche. Por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada foram coletados dados representacionais e comportamentais relativos à manipulação segura de alimentos. Os depoimentos foram tratados pela técnica do discurso do sujeito coletivo e os dados comportamentais pela estatística paramétrica. A análise dos dados representacionais e comportamentais foi baseada na triangulação de teorias educativas. Resultados. As condições de higiene pessoal e ambiental se mostraram precárias nos pontos de venda. As mãos dos manipuladores apresentaram altos índices de contaminação microbiológica. Os sanduíches estavam impróprios para consumo em 31,4% das amostras. Predominou a não-conformidade para a temperatura de armazenamento dos ingredientes. A temperatura segura de cocção não foi alcançada em 84,2% dos baguncinhas. O conhecimento foi considerado de mediano a baixo. Os ambulantes preocupavam-se em manter a clientela e a principal dificuldade foi à falta de infra-estrutura no ponto de venda. Como incentivo à mudança de comportamento, a redução de impostos e o acesso a financiamentos predominaram na representação social dos ambulantes. Sentimento de discriminação por parte dos consumidores apresentou-se como ancoragem. Conclusões. O treinamento não foi eficaz para mudar a representação e o comportamento dos manipuladores. A importância sócio-econômica deste comércio na baixada cuiabana e a condição sanitária precária no ponto de venda requerem políticas de fiscalização e intervenção educacional baseada na nova Psicologia Social. A metodologia da Problematização poderia obter mudanças positivas no comportamento e nas representações destes trabalhadores, associada às outras mudanças estruturais e regulamentais. / Introduction. The commerce of the baguncinha sandwich is typical of the metropolitan area of Cuiabá - MT. It is the source of income for many families and an alternative for dining out. The sanitary commission has structural and financial problems to over see the activity and the public health department recommends the qualification of who sells. Objective. Evaluate the effectiveness of an educative intervention in the social representation and behavioral of whom sells the baguncinha sandwich. Method. Thirty five places where the baguncinha was sold were investigated, divided into control and test groups, before and after the education intervention. It was evaluated the sanitary of the place and person manipulating the food through a check list also a microbiological analysis and internal temperature of the sandwich were done. Through a semi-structural interview data were collected about the social representation and behavioral of manipulation of the food. The speechs were treated with the collective subject discussion software and the behavioral by the parametric statistic. Results. The personal hygiene and the condition of the place were precarious. The hands of the food manipulators showed high levels of microbiological contamination. The sandwich were not fit for consumption 31,4% of the samples. The predominant problem was the wrong temperature of the storage of the ingredients. The safe firing was not reached in 84,2% of the baguncinha. The knowledge was considered medium to low. The ambulant were worried in keeping its clients and the main difficulty was the lack of infrastructure of the point of sell. As incentive to change its behavioral, a reduction of taxes and access to finance is predominant in the social representation of the ambulant. A feeling of discrimination the consumers presented themselves as anchorage. Conclusion. The training did not effective to change the representation and behavioral of the manipulators of the baguncinha sandwich. The social economical importance of the commerce in Cuiaba and the precarious sanitary conditions in the point of sell requires a harsh focalization policy and education intervention based on the Social Psychology. The Problem Solving Methodology could have some positive changes in the behavioral and in the workers representation, associated with other structural and regulation changes.

A infecção por Salmonela é a principal causa de diarréia no Brasil e os ovos contaminados e alimentos preparados a base destes, estão associados a esta ocorrência. Para avaliar as práticas adotadas pelos consumidores durante a compra, armazenamento e manipulação de ovos nos domicílios, relacionar as preparações a base destes com o risco de salmonelose e verificar a percepção da população estudada quanto aos problemas para a saúde causados pelo consumo de ovos crus e mal cozidos foi realizado um levantamento no período de março a junho de 2009, a partir do preenchimento de questionários por amostra (n=664) composta de pais de alunos de escolas de educação infantil municipais e particulares em um município paulista. Foi criado o Índice de Boas Práticas Ponderado (IBPp) e calculado através de ponderação as respostas conforme adequação. A média do consumo mensal per capita de ovos encontrada foi de 4,55. Dos participantes, 77% declarou comprar ovos em super/hipermercados, 81% relatou encontrá-los fora de refrigeração nos locais de venda. Observou-se probabilidade 2,41 vezes maior dos ovos serem comercializados mantidos sob refrigeração em locais com produção familiar. A validade foi o critério mais relevante (69,4% das citações) para a decisão de compra, 79,5% descartava ovos rachados ou quebrados, 65,1% armazenava na porta da geladeira e 43,5% não realizava procedimento de limpeza antes da sua utilização. O IBPp foi considerado médio para 59,8% e adequado para 6,5% dos participantes da pesquisa e relacionou-se positivamente ao nível de exigência no momento da compra pelo consumidor. Das preparações que oferecem risco, identificou-se o maior consumo do ovo frito com gema mole (44,5%), seguido por suflês, musses, coberturas de bolos com ovos crus (20,8%). Da população estudada, 61,3% declarou já ter relacionado algum sintoma de doença gastrointestinal com o consumo de alimento. Ainda, 27,3% relacionou a existência do risco de contaminação às condições higiênicas durante o preparo dos alimentos e estes participantes relataram consumir menos preparos com ovos crus e mal cozidos em relação aos que não tem esta percepção. É necessário que haja adequação das práticas adotadas durante a compra, armazenamento, manipulação e preparo seguro de ovos no domicílio para a diminuição do risco de infecção por Salmonella e o planejamento de programas ou ações educativas mais eficazes para a população visando orientá-la para que as práticas adotadas sejam seguras. / The infection caused by Salmonella is the main cause of diarrhea in Brazil and the contaminated food prepared with eggs are associated with this occurrence. To evaluate practices adopted by consumers concerning purchase, storage and handling of eggs and to relate the preparation of eggs consumed with the risk of salmonellosis and to verify the perception of the studied population regarding health problems caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked eggs, a survey was conducted from March to June 2009, by filling out questionnaires for sample in a city of São Paulo state (n = 664) composed by parents of students of public and private preschools. The Good Practice Weighted Index (IGPw) was created and calculated pondering the answers by adjustment. The average of monthly consumption of eggs per capita found was 4.55. From the total participants, 77% stated that their eggs came from regular supermarkets, 81% reported that they were out of refrigeration at the points of sale. There was a 2.41 times higher probability of the commercialized eggs being under proper refrigeration when sold by local merchants. The expire date criteria was more relevant (69.4% of quotations) for the decision of purchase, 79,5% didnt use cracked or broken eggs, 65,1% of costumers store their eggs in the refrigerators door and 43,5% didnt clean them before use. IGPw was considered average to 59,8% and appropriate for 6,5% of survey participants and it was related positively to the purchase requirement level used by the consumer. The preparations what offer risky identified were fried egg with runny yolk (44.5% of quotation), followed by souffles, mousses and cakes with topping prepared with raw eggs (20.8%). From the population studied, 61.3% stated already have referenced some symptoms of gastrointestinal disease related with the consumption of food. Still, 27.3% related the risk of contamination and hygienic conditions during food preparation. These participants consumed less inadequate preparations with eggs than those who didnt have that perception. Adequate practices must be adopted during the purchase, storage and handling of eggs at home in order to decrease the risk of infection by Salmonella and is necessary educational programs in order to ensure that good and safe practices will be adopted by population.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:23:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ilvana Abreu de Sousa Ferreira.pdf: 855420 bytes, checksum: 3624d867c3296af7517eb133b20189c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-30 / The concept of food security and nutrition was limited to supply the appropriate amount. However, it was extended also incorporating universal access to food, the nutritional aspect and therefore the issues of composition, quality and biological utilization. This security should be discussed, also because of the risks to health caused by food, since the Foodborne Diseases are gradually increasing in developing countries and developed countries. According to FAO, recognize the importance of controls in food production that includes the general principles of food hygiene and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) as prerequisites or as the basis for the effective deployment of the system of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control. Considering the magnitude of the industry, bakeries and pastry shops as well as other units that produce food and meals should adopt the GMP, so that food quality have produced satisfactory hygienic quality health. In this context, it is proposed to analyze the perception of risk in the health of food by food handlers in bakeries in Goiânia, Goiás and describe the facilitating factors or the difficulties of the implementation of quality programs in bakeries. This is an exploratory study employing qualitative technique of focus groups, whose interpretation was been revealed through thematic content analysis. The research was conducted with handlers of production and service units of six bakeries that produce of one network of Goiânia, Goiás. Data analysis revealed that the group has a sense of sanity to the microbiological risks of food, health risks to consumers, and revealed the effects of knowledge on hygienic handling of food. In view of the handler food safety is shared between the manipulator, the company and the consumer. So, were considered as factors that facilitate the health of food in Bakeries personal values, ethics and responsibility of each handler; recognize the company's commitment to provide the resources needed for appropriate practices and motivating role of the client with the requirement of quality products. However, point out what needs improvement, being considered complicating factors: unhealthy physical conditions, with excess heat and smoke in the environment, damaged equipment, insufficient staff and lack of adherence by all handlers of the team. Were recognized by the manipulators of inadequate care attitudes in the process of selling products, such as exposure to room temperature and inappropriate behavior of consumers. / O conceito de segurança alimentar e nutricional era limitado ao abastecimento, na quantidade apropriada. Porém, foi ampliado incorporando também o acesso universal aos alimentos, o aspecto nutricional e, conseqüentemente, as questões relativas à composição, à qualidade e ao aproveitamento biológico. A discussão sobre segurança alimentar e nutricional deve englobar, portanto, os riscos causados pelos alimentos à saúde, uma vez que, as Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos vêm aumentando, gradualmente, em países em desenvolvimento e desenvolvidos. Segundo a Food and Agriculture Organization, é reconhecida a importância de controles na produção de alimentos que incluam os princípios gerais de higiene de alimentos e as Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPF) como pré-requisitos ou como base para a efetiva implantação do sistema de Análises de Perigos e Pontos Críticos de Controle. Considerando a amplitude do setor, as panificadoras e confeitarias assim como as demais unidades produtoras de alimentos e refeições devem adotar as BPF, de forma que os alimentos produzidos tenham qualidade higiênico sanitária satisfatória. Esta pesquisa é um estudo exploratório de abordagem qualitativa empregando a técnica de grupos focais, cuja interpretação foi feita à luz da análise de conteúdo temática. Neste contexto, se propôs analisar a percepção sobre o risco à segurança alimentar e nutricional, por manipuladores de alimentos de panificadoras. A pesquisa foi realizada com manipuladores da produção e do atendimento de seis unidades produtoras de uma rede de panificadoras de Goiânia, Goiás, que estão em processo contínuo de implementação de controle de qualidade de alimentos. A análise dos dados revelou que o grupo tem a percepção dos riscos microbiológicos à sanidade dos alimentos, dos danos à saúde dos consumidores, e revelou os efeitos do conhecimento sobre manipulação higiênica dos alimentos. Na visão do manipulador, a segurança dos alimentos é compartilhada entre o manipulador, a empresa e o consumidor. Assim, foram considerados como fatores facilitadores da sanidade dos alimentos nas panificadoras os valores pessoais, da ética e responsabilidade de cada manipulador; o compromisso da empresa em fornecer os recursos necessários para as práticas adequadas e o papel motivador do cliente com a exigência da qualidade dos produtos. Porém, apontam o que precisa ser melhorado, sendo considerados fatores dificultadores: as condições de ambiência insalubres, com o excesso de calor e fumaça no ambiente, causado por equipamentos danificados; o quadro de funcionários insuficientes e a falta de adesão às BPF por todos os manipuladores da equipe. Foram reconhecidas pelos manipuladores do atendimento as atitudes inadequadas no processo de venda como exposição dos produtos a temperatura ambiente e comportamentos inadequados dos consumidores.