Objetivo. Avaliar a qualidade global das refeições oferecidas por uma amostra de empresas beneficiárias do Programa de Alimentação do Trabalhador (PAT) na cidade de São Paulo. Métodos. Estudou-se amostra aleatória de 72 empresas cadastradas no PAT na cidade de São Paulo. A partir dos dados das refeições oferecidas, foi desenvolvido o Índice de Qualidade da Refeição (IQR), com pontuação máxima 100 e mínima 0. As empresas foram agrupadas utilizando-se análise de cluster hierárquico. Utilizou-se teste t-Student para avaliar diferenças nas médias do IQR segundo as categorias das empresas. Resultados. Foi desenvolvido o IQR com cinco itens (frutas e hortaliças, carboidratos, gorduras, gorduras saturadas e variedade). A média do IQR para as grandes refeições foi de 66,25 (dp=23,83). Foram obtidos dois grupos na análise de cluster. As empresas do primeiro, composto em sua maioria por empresas do setor de comércio de micro e pequeno porte, cadastradas na modalidade de autogestão e sem supervisão de nutricionista, obtiveram pior qualidade da refeição (56,23) sendo classificadas como refeição que precisa de melhoras. As empresas do segundo cluster, constituído principalmente por empresas de médio e grande porte do setor industrial, com gestão terceirizada e supervisão de nutricionista, obtiveram pontuação média de 82,95 e foram classificadas como refeição adequada. Conclusão. O IQR desenvolvido mostrou-se eficiente na avaliação de refeições nesta amostra de empresas inscritas no PAT, que, em média, ofereciam refeições classificadas como “precisa de melhoras”. As empresas de maior porte e estrutura oferecem refeições melhores quando comparada às de menor porte e estrutura. / Objective. To evaluate the global quality of the meals offered by a sample of beneficiary companies of the Worker Food Program (WFP). Methods. It was studied a random sample of 72 companies registered in the WFP in the city of São Paulo. From the data of the offered meals, Meal Quality Index (MQI) was developed, with maximum score 100 and minimum 0. The companies had been grouped using analysis of hierarchic cluster. It was used t-Student to evaluate the differences in the mean of the MQI categories of companies. Results. It was developed the MQI with five itens (fruits and vegetables, carbohydrate, saturated fats, fats and variety). The MQI mean for the main meals was 66,25 (sd=23,83). It had been obtained two groups of companies in the analysis of cluster. The companies of first, composed in its majority by commercial sector, micro and small size, registered in the modality self management and without supervision of nutritionist, had horse meal quality (56,23) classified as meal which needs improvements. The companies of second cluster, mainly constituted by companies of medium and large size, from the industrial sector, with subcontracting management and supervision of nutritionist, had gotten mean punctuation of 82,95 and had been classified as adequate meal. Conclusions. The developed MQI revealed efficiency in the evaluation of meals in this sample of companies registered in WFP, that, in average, were classified as “meals which needs improvement”. The companies of large size and structure better offered better meals when compared with smaller and structure.

El presente estudio de pre factibilidad para la instalación de un servicio delivery de comida orgánica que utiliza tecnologías limpias tiene como objetivo encontrar y definir adecuadamente las metodologías operativas y de mercado que permitan determinar el diseño y modo de instalación de dicho servicio. / The present pre-feasibility study for the installation of an organic food delivery service that uses clean technology aims to identify and properly define the operational and market methodologies to determine the design and mode of installation of the service. / Trabajo de investigación

by Chiu Yuk Lan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-133). / Abstract also in Chinese. / TABLE OF CONTENTS / ABSTRACT (ENGLISH) --- p.a / ABSTRACT (CHINESE) --- p.b / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iv / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Cancer in Food-service Workers --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Carcinogenicity of Cooking Fumes --- p.1 / Chapter 1.3 --- High Risk of Lung Cancer in Chinese Women --- p.2 / Chapter 1.4 --- Why do We Conduct This Study? --- p.3 / Chapter 1.5 --- Implication of This Study --- p.4 / Chapter 1.6 --- What Types of Cancer were Included in This Study? --- p.4 / Chapter 1.7 --- Aims and Hypothesis of This Study --- p.5 / Chapter 1.8. --- Outline of the Thesis --- p.5 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1. --- Occupational Epidemiological Studies --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Studies of occupation and cancer occurrence based on routine records --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Retrospective cohort studies among food service workers --- p.21 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Case-control studies --- p.27 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Case reports --- p.29 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Summary --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2. --- Mutagens and Carcinogens in Cooking Fumes --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Mutagens and carcinogens in cooking fumes --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Summary --- p.42 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- METHODS --- p.44 / Chapter 3.1 --- Study Design --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2 --- Study Population and Subjects --- p.46 / Chapter 3.3 --- Reference Population --- p.48 / Chapter 3.4 --- Sample Size Estimation --- p.48 / Chapter 3.5 --- Data Sources and Data Collection --- p.49 / Chapter 3.6 --- Data Processing --- p.53 / Chapter 3.7 --- Data Analyses --- p.54 / Chapter 3.7.1 --- Standardised proportional mortality ratio (SPMR) --- p.54 / Chapter 3.7.2 --- Adjusted' SPMRs --- p.56 / Chapter 3.7.3 --- Mortality odds ratio (MOR) --- p.58 / Chapter 3.8. --- Exploring if Smoking could be a Confounding Factor --- p.62 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- RESULTS --- p.64 / Chapter 4.1 --- Characteristics of the Food-service Workers --- p.64 / Chapter 4.2 --- Cancer Mortality Patterns of Food-service Workers --- p.69 / Chapter 4.3 --- Adjusted SPMRs --- p.72 / Chapter 4.4 --- Mortality Odds Ratios (MORs) --- p.76 / Chapter 4.5 --- Mortality Odds Ratios Using Multiply Reference Diseases --- p.77 / Chapter 4.6. --- Comparing SPMRs with MORs --- p.82 / Chapter 4.7. --- Internal Comparison --- p.83 / Chapter 4.8 --- Summary of Results --- p.90 / Chapter 4.9. --- Survey on Smoking and Drinking Prevalence among Current Food-service Workers --- p.92 / Chapter 4.9.1 --- Smoking habit --- p.92 / Chapter 4.9.2 --- Drinking habit --- p.94 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS --- p.95 / Chapter 5.1 --- Outcomes for This Study --- p.95 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Cancer risks for the kitchen workers --- p.96 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Cancer risks for the outside kitchen workers --- p.102 / Chapter 5.2 --- Limitations of the Methods Adopted in the Present study --- p.107 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Standardised proportional mortality ratio (SPMR) --- p.107 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Morality odds ratio (MOR) --- p.109 / Chapter 5.3 --- Bias and Control --- p.111 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Selection bias --- p.111 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Information bias --- p.113 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Confounding --- p.116 / Chapter 5.4 --- Implications from the Results of the Present Study --- p.117 / Chapter 5.5 --- Conclusion --- p.119 / APPENDIX --- p.121 / Appendix 1 --- p.121 / Appendix 2 --- p.123 / Appendix 3 --- p.124 / Appendix 4 --- p.125 / REFERENCES --- p.127

Contexte. Plusieurs déterminants influencent les pratiques alimentaires des jeunes Québécois. Les aliments offerts dans les établissements scolaires ainsi que les politiques publiques figurent parmi ces facteurs d’influence. En 2011, la Commission scolaire de Montréal (CSDM) a adapté la Politique pour une saine alimentation. Toutefois, depuis sa parution, très peu de données concernant l’application de la politique des écoles de la CSDM ont été recueillies. Objectifs. Évaluer la satisfaction et la perception des élèves de troisième cycle du primaire et du secondaire à l’égard des services alimentaires de la CSDM. Méthode. Soixante-cinq écoles primaires et 27 écoles secondaires ont été ciblées par cette enquête. La collecte de données s’est déroulée sur une période de six semaines par le biais de deux questionnaires distincts disponibles sur le site internet Fluid Survey. La satisfaction et la perception des élèves ont été évaluées à l’aide de questions portant sur leur utilisation du service alimentaire, leurs préférences, ainsi que leurs attitudes et opinions. Analyse statistique. À partir des résultats obtenus, des statistiques descriptives ont été générées. De plus, des tests de Chi-deux ont été produits afin d’évaluer l’association de certaines variables. Résultats. Au total, 4 446 questionnaires ont été retenus aux fins d’analyses. Sommairement, le goût et la propreté des lieux sont deux aspects pour lesquels un grand nombre de jeunes du troisième cycle du primaire et du secondaire accordent de l’importance. Toutefois, la variété de l’offre alimentaire est l’aspect le plus apprécié par les deux groupes de jeunes. Les élèves du primaire sont plus nombreux que ceux du secondaire à accorder de l’importance à l’attrait santé des aliments. Par ailleurs, les plus jeunes élèves choisissent davantage leurs aliments pour contrôler leur poids. Les résultats montrent aussi que la majorité des jeunes du primaire et du secondaire accordent de l’importance à la qualité de leur alimentation, et ce, depuis quelque temps. Finalement, l’opinion des pairs et de la famille semble avoir très peu d’influence sur les choix alimentaires des jeunes, notamment chez les élèves du secondaire. Conclusion. Bien que plusieurs autres déterminants doivent encore être étudiés, ce projet de recherche confirme la pluralité des facteurs d’influence sur les pratiques alimentaires des enfants et des adolescents. Cela dit, en plus d’être un indicateur précieux pour l’évaluation de ses services alimentaires, les résultats obtenus suggèrent également une multitude de pistes d’action pour les intervenants de la CSDM. / Context. Several determinants influence the dietary practices of young Quebecers. Food offered in schools and public policies are part of these influences. In 2011, the Commission scolaire de Montréal (CSDM) published its healthy diet policy. However, since its publication, little data on the food services of the CSDM were collected. Objectives. To assess the satisfaction and perception of third cycle of elementary school and high school students about the CSDM’s food services. Methodology. Sixty-five elementary schools and 27 high schools were targeted by this survey. Data collection took place over a six weeks period through two online questionnaires available on the website Fluid Survey. Satisfaction and perception of the students were assessed using questions about their use of the food services, their preferences and their attitudes and opinions. Statistical analysis. From the results, descriptive statistics were generated. Additionally, Chi-square tests were used to evaluate the association between variables. Results. A total of 4 446 questionnaires were retained for analysis. Taste and cleanliness are the two most important aspects for third cycle elementary school and high school students. However, food variety is the most appreciated aspect in both groups. Elementary students are more likely than high school students to give importance to the healthiness of food. Moreover, younger students are more likely to choose their food in order to control their weight. The results of this study also reveal that the majority of students grant importance to the quality of their diet and have done so for some time. Finally, peers and the family seem to have little influence on children and adolescents’ food choices, especially among high school students. Conclusion. Although several determinants remain to be studied, this study confirms the plurality of influences on children and adolescents’ feeding practices. In addition to being a valuable indicator for the evaluation of its food services, the results suggest many courses of actions for stakeholders of the CSDM.

Reception of innocuous fresh meat is relevant to the production of safe food by food services. Thus, federal sanitary legislation has determined the evaluation and approval of raw material during reception. The objective of this study was to develop procedures for characterizing the quality of fresh meat during reception in food services. In the first phase, when revising safety criteria, it was verified that federal legislation and technical standards for food services were recently published and present a wide, general approach concerning raw material reception. It determined specifications of criteria for evaluation and selection of suppliers, verification of transport system, requirements for the reception area, and the inspection of raw materials through the analysis of packaging, labeling, and temperature. In the second phase, when investigating supply and procedures for meat purchase in 35 university restaurants of Federal Institutions of Higher Education on the five regions of Brazil, it was observed that bovine meat was more frequent purchased in the South and Midwest regions, and that in the North and Northeast poultry was more frequently used. Still, the supply of meat products exceeds that of pork and fish in this region. Purchase occurred mainly by bidding in restaurants administered under the system of selfmanagement, resulting in meat provision by different suppliers. A nutritionist worked as technical manager. The main safety criteria on supplier selection were the requirement of product registration in the Inspection Service and of company regulation by the Health Surveillance. Weaknesses were found relating to physical and functional structures, transport system of the raw material, and record and monitoring of temperature. Was demonstrated, in the second phase of research, that Southeast restaurants presented a higher adequacy percentage to hygienic and sanitary criteria in meat reception, followed by the South, Midwest, Northeast, and North. The third phase was a case study about sanitary quality of fresh bovine meat approved in reception by a university restaurant of a Southern Federal Institutions of Higher Education. A descriptive sensorial method was applied to evaluate the quality of fresh bovine meat at reception. Documental, microbiological, and physical-chemical analysis were made using samples of lean bovine meat. The samples were fresh, cooled, vacuum bagged and not matured, and provided by slaughterhouses registered in the Federal Inspection System. The sensory parameters selected by the team to characterize fresh bovine meat were the appearance (color, uniformity, brightness) and odor (characteristic of fresh meat, metallic, rancid and strange). The sensory criterion was defined by association between the scores given by evaluators and counts of aerobic mesophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms, pH values, temperature, and instrumental color of meat samples. Documentary analysis demonstrated adequacy to Best Practices procedures in meat reception. In addition to a positive experience to improve the supplier selection, the transport system, and the meat quality in public bidding purchase by including security criteria on bid notices. It became evident, through analysis, that the microbiological, physical-chemical, and sensory quality of the bovine meat purchased from qualified suppliers did not meet the security parameters established by legislative organs. Correlations between variables indicated that all physical-chemical tests, as well as sensory parameters of characteristic and strange odor, confirmed the counts of Aerobic mesophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms. Color of the meat was correlated with the mold and yeast count. Upon considerations drawn from the development of this research, in the fourth phase, it was possible to formulate procedure for safe acquisition of fresh meat by food services. Consists of documents related to evaluation and selection of meat products suppliers; transport system evaluation; self-evaluation for reception area in food services; food handlers and technical manager; raw material inspection procedures (fresh meat); raw material return; raw material inspection plan. / A recepção de carnes in natura inócuas é relevante para produção de alimentos seguros nos serviços de alimentação. Com isso, é determinada pela legislação sanitária federal, a avaliação e aprovação da matéria-prima na recepção. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver procedimentos para caracterização da qualidade de carnes bovinas in natura na recepção de serviços de alimentação. Na primeira fase, ao revisar os critérios de segurança, verificou-se que a legislação federal e normas técnicas, para os serviços de alimentação foram publicadas recentemente e apresentam uma abordagem ampla e genérica sobre a recepção da matéria-prima. É determinada a especificação dos critérios para avaliação e seleção dos fornecedores, verificação do sistema de transporte, área de recepção e inspeção da matéria-prima, através da análise da embalagem, rotulagem e temperatura. Na segunda fase, ao investigar a oferta e os procedimentos na aquisição de carnes em 35 restaurantes universitários das Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior das cinco regiões do Brasil foi observado que a carne bovina era mais frequente nas regiões Sul e Centro-oeste e a carne de frango, nas regiões Norte e Nordeste. Ainda, a oferta de produtos cárneos, superava a de suíno e de peixe em todas as regiões. A aquisição das carnes ocorria, principalmente, por meio de licitação, nos restaurantes administrados sob o sistema de autogestão, o que implicava no abastecimento de carnes por diferentes fornecedores. O nutricionista era o responsável técnico e para seleção do fornecedor, os principais critérios de segurança utilizados eram a exigência do registro do produto no Serviço de Inspeção e a regulamentação da empresa fornecedora junto à Vigilância Sanitária. As fragilidades foram relativas à estrutura físico-funcional, sistema de transporte da matéria-prima e registros e monitoramentos da temperatura. Demonstrou-se, na segunda fase da pesquisa, que os restaurantes da região Sudeste apresentaram maior percentual de adequação aos critérios higiênico-sanitários na recepção das carnes, seguidos da região Sul, Centro-Oeste, Nordeste e Norte. Na terceira fase, realizou-se um estudo de caso sobre a qualidade sanitária da carne bovina in natura aprovada na recepção de restaurante universitário de uma Instituição Federal de Ensino Superior da região Sul. Para avaliar a qualidade das carnes bovinas in natura na recepção aplicou-se um método sensorial descritivo e realizaram-se análises documentais, microbiológicas, físico-químicas e sensoriais, de amostras compostas da carne bovina magra, in natura, resfriadas, embaladas a vácuo e não maturadas, fornecidas por frigoríficos registrados no Sistema de Inspeção Federal. Os parâmetros sensoriais definidos pela equipe, para caracterizar a carne bovina in natura foram a aparência (cor, uniformidade e brilho) e odor (característico da carne fresca, metálico, a ranço e estranho). O critério sensorial foi definido por meio de associações entre as notas atribuídas pelos avaliadores e as contagens dos micro-organismos Aeróbios Mesófilos e Psicrotróficos, valores de pH, temperatura e cor instrumental das amostras de carne. A análise documental demonstrou a adequação dos procedimentos de Boas Práticas na recepção das carnes. Além disso, a experiência positiva para aprimorar a seleção de fornecedores, sistema de transporte e qualidade das carnes, na aquisição por licitação pública, com a inclusão dos critérios de segurança nos editais. Evidenciou-se, por meio das análises, que a qualidade microbiologia, físico-química e sensorial da carne bovina adquirida de fornecedores qualificados não atenderam plenamente aos parâmetros de segurança estabelecidos pelos órgãos legisladores. As correlações das variáveis indicaram que todos os testes físico-químicos, bem como, os parâmetros sensoriais, odor característico e estranho, confirmaram as contagens dos micro-organismos Aeróbios Mesófilos e os Psicrotróficos. A cor da carne foi correlacionada com as contagens de Bolores e Leveduras. Mediante as considerações extraídas nesta pesquisa, na quarta fase, foram desenvolvidos procedimentos para aquisição de carnes in natura em serviço de alimentação. São compostos por documentos relativos à avaliação e seleção de fornecedores de carnes; avaliação do sistema de transporte; auto-avaliação da área de recepção do serviço de alimentação; avaliação dos manipuladores de alimentos e responsável técnico; Inspeção da matériaprima (carnes in natura); Devolução da matéria-prima; Plano de inspeção da matéria-prima.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:23:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Pabline Chediak Spini Santos.pdf: 3128269 bytes, checksum: a46ac7942c153b3e6caff9051d9abe5b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-05 / The guarantee of adequate nutrition is a right that must be provided to all Brazilians, and in a hospital environment this is no different. Thinking about this, the This work aimed to assess the hygienic and sanitary conditions of the food services from four state hospitals in Goiânia and its metropolitan area, Goiás. Thus, there was a diagnosis of physical and functional conditions of these establishments and microbiological quality of food produced by themselves. Data were collected between the months of September of 2009 and March of 2010. The physico-functional conditions were identified using a check-list, pre-tested, prepared according to the Brazilian legislation. To proceed the microbiological analysis were collected samples from six or seven preparations, according to the day‟s menu in three random visits on different days, totaling 74 samples, of the standard oral meal offered in lunch at each hospital. As for the physical-functional, three of the establishments were classified as "Approved", reaching the attendance of more than 76% compliance of the evaluated items, and one was classified as "Not Approved". Regarding microbiological analysis, in each one of the hospitals studied was found at least one contaminated sample. From a total of 74 preparations examined, 13.5% were contaminated by at least one microorganism over the limit set by law. In two samples was the presence of more than one sort of bacteria. Although only one of the food services from the hospitals surveyed has been classified as " Not Approved" in all of them were detected nonconformities in many aspects as in the building, premises, conservation of the areas of foreign and domestic establishments in addition to the inefficient control of food quality during their processing. All these non-conformities found in both the physical and functional aspects contribute to the finding of contamination by pathogenic microorganisms in food in every hospitals surveyed what constitutes a potential risk to the clientele of these hospitals in the public health system. / A garantia de alimentação adequada é um direito que deve ser assegurado a todos os brasileiros e, em um ambiente hospitalar, isto não é diferente. Pensando nisto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as condições higiênico-sanitárias de Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição de quatro hospitais estaduais de Goiânia e região metropolitana, Goiás. Assim, realizou-se um diagnóstico das condições físico-funcionais destes estabelecimentos e da qualidade microbiológica das refeições produzidas pelos mesmos. Os dados foram coletados entre os meses de setembro de 2009 a março de 2010. As condições físico-funcionais foram estudadas utilizado-se um check-list, previamente testado, elaborado de acordo com a legislação sanitária vigente no Brasil. Para procedimento das análises microbiológicas foram coletadas amostras de seis ou sete preparações, de acordo com o cardápio do dia da coleta, em três visitas aleatórias, em dias distintos, totalizando 74 amostras das preparações da Dieta Livre oferecidas na refeição almoço de cada hospital. Quanto às condições físico-funcionais, três dos estabelecimentos foram classificados como Aprovado , alcançando o atendimento de conformidade em mais de 76% dos itens avaliados e um deles foi classificado como Reprovado . Quanto às análises microbiológicas, em cada um dos hospitais analisados foi encontrada, pelo menos, uma amostra contaminada. Do total das 74 preparações analisadas, 13,5% apresentaram contaminação por, pelo menos, um micro-organismo acima do limite estabelecido pela legislação. Em duas amostras houve a presença de mais de um tipo de bactéria. Embora apenas uma das UAN hospitalares pesquisadas tenha sido classificada como Reprovada , em todas elas foram detectadas não-conformidades em diversos aspectos como na edificação, nas instalações, na conservação das áreas externa e interna dos estabelecimentos, além do ineficiente controle de qualidade dos alimentos, durante o seu processamento. Todas essas não-conformidades verificadas, tanto nos aspectos físicos quanto nos funcionais contribuem para a constatação de contaminação por micro-organismos patogênicos nas refeições em todos os hospitais pesquisados, o que constitui risco potencial à clientela destes hospitais no sistema público brasileiro de saúde.

Se realizo un estudio cuyo propósito fue determinar el plan de negocio de comida delivery o boxes para la preparación por las necesidades de hoy en día de la población en buscar nuevas opciones saludables. Se aplicó un diseño experimental en el cual se recabó información mediante entrevistas, experimentos para validar los cuadrantes del canvas propuesto y revisión del interés de compra. Se utilizó como instrumentos la red de resultados y la bitácora de actividades para poder evaluar los informes y principales insights encontrados dentro de cada experimento realizado. Los resultados evidencian que actualmente existe una tendencia al aumento en el interés y preocupación por una alimentación saludable y balanceada, tanto para mantener un peso adecuado como preocupación por los hábitos de la sociedad actual y del contexto de la coyuntura actual. Por lo tanto, se concluye que este plan de negocio es uno de los más viables actualmente, pues las tendencias y el interés de la sociedad por buscar opciones y ayuda para desarrollar estos hábitos generan un público potencialmente atractivo para el desarrollo de la idea de negocio. / The study was carried out whose purpose was to determine the business plan for food delivery or boxes to prepare for the needs of the population today in seeking new healthy options. An experimental design was applied in which information was collected through interviews, experiments to validate the quadrants of the proposed canvas and review of the purchase interest. The results network and the activity log were used as instruments to evaluate the reports and main insights found within each experiment carried out. The results show that there is currently an increasing trend in interest and concern for a healthy and balanced diet, both to maintain an adequate weight and concern for the habits of current society and the context of the current situation. Therefore, it is concluded that this business plan is one of the most viable currently, since the trends and the interest of society to seek options and help to develop these habits generate a potentially attractive audience for the development of the business idea. / Trabajo de investigación

En tredjedel av all mat som produceras för människor når aldrig en mänsklig mage. Sveriges kommuner beskrivs i regeringens handlingsplan för Agenda 2030 som en mycket viktig del i omställningen för ett hållbart samhälle och den offentliga måltiden benämns vara en angelägen del i det arbetet. Vi genomförde fallstudier på tre svenska skolor och utvärderade hur matsvinn i skolkök påverkas av synen på mat, hur graden av engagemang och kunskap påverkar svinnet samt huruvida städer och kommuner kan stödja skolorna i arbetet mot svinnet. Det gjordes genom att studera tidigare forskning samt utföra intervjuer, observationer och enkäter.Resultatet i vår undersökning visade att skolorna i Göteborg hade betydligt lägre andel matsvinn än skolan i Malmö. De främsta skillnaderna handlade inte om arbetet i matsalen, utan om övergripande attityder till hur arbetet med matsvinn ska bedrivas. Kommuner och städer kan bidra till skolan och skolkökens minskade matsvinn genom att tydligt signalera att frågan ligger högt på agendan. På så vis finns en möjlighet att sprida en kultur och ett engagemang för uppgiften. I Göteborg mäts matsvinnet dagligen och utvärderas och följs upp månadsvis. Det har gjort att kökspersonalen upplever matsvinnsarbetet som en integrerad och självklar del i det dagliga arbetet. I Malmö läggs mer ansvar över på de enskilda medarbetarna i köken.För elever kan mat vara så mycket mer än bara mat. Särskilt för äldre barnen kan maten bli en del av identitetsskapandet. Vi har undersökt hur elever, kökspersonal och pedagoger kan påverka varandras attityder till maten i skolköken. Det som särskilde den av skolorna med allra lägst matsvinn var kökspersonalens kommunikation med eleverna kring maten vid själva serveringen. / One third of all food produced never reaches a human stomach. Sweden's municipalities are described in the Swedish Government's action plan for Agenda 2030 as a very important part of the change for a sustainable society and the public meal is regarded as a key player to achieve this goal. We conducted case studies at three Swedish schools and evaluated how food waste in school kitchens is affected by our view on food, how the degree of commitment and knowledge affects waste and whether, and how, cities and municipalities can support schools in their measures to reduce food waste. We did this by studying previous research and conducting interviews, observations and surveys.The results of our study showed that the schools in Gothenburg had a significantly lower proportion of food waste than the school in Malmö. The main differences were not about the work in the school cafeteria, instead it came down to the overall behaviour about how the work on food waste should be dealt with. Municipalities and cities can contribute to school and school kitchen's reduced food waste by clearly signalling that the issue is high on the agenda. In this way, there is an opportunity to spread a culture and commitment to the task. In Gothenburg, food waste is measured daily and evaluated and followed up on a monthly basis. This has made the kitchen staff experience the food waste work as an integral and natural part in the daily work. In Malmö, more responsibility is placed on the individual employees in the kitchen.To pupils, food can be so much more than just food. In particular for adolescents food can play an important role in building their identity. We have researched how students, kitchen staff and teachers can influence each other's behaviour towards food in school kitchens. What distinguished the school with the lowest food waste from the others was the communication of the kitchen staff with the students about the food at the actual serving.

The main objective of this thesis is to analyze the market accommodation and food services market in the tourist region of Central Bohemia ? South. Another objective of this thesis was to formulate recommendations for the development of services in selected area. . The aim was also to identify the needs and requirements and satisfaction of visitors with accommodation and boarding services in selected recreation centre Nová Živohošť. To achieve the objectives it was necessary to study secondary sources, writing review of the literature and knowledge on the subject. Then situational analysis was performed. Here is defined and characterized a recreation centre Nová Živohošť, located in the tourist region of Central Bohemia ? South. The situational analysis is also a market analysis of accommodation and boarding services in the recreation centre Nová Živohošť. Another part of the work is questionnaire survey and interviews with worker in tourist information centre in Neveklov and owner Juniorcamp Tobogán and Caravan Club in Nová Živohošť. Final proposals, recommendations and business concept should increase the attractiveness of an offer, the quality of the resort and meet the needs and wishes of customers.