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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Atuação de extratos naturais com efeito antimicrobiano sobre a conservação de pães do tipo integral / Performance of natural extracts with antimicrobial effect on the conservation of whole-grain breads

Êmily Bezerra Fernandes da Mota 10 September 2018 (has links)
Introdução - Os óleos essenciais (OE) e a própolis apresentam propriedades antimicrobianas, o que gera interesse na área de produção de alimentos para substituir conservantes químicos, os quais podem causar danos ao organismo com a sua exposição frequente. O pão, alimento de elevado consumo no país, possui conservantes químicos dentre seus ingredientes quando é ultra processado, inclusive se for do tipo integral. A substituição destes aditivos por conservantes naturais torna-se, então, uma estratégia para promoção da saúde. Objetivo - Avaliar a ação conservante de extratos naturais em pães integrais. Métodos - Foi utilizado um mix de OE de tomilho, orégano e manjericão e um extrato alcoólico de própolis, os quais foram analisados quanto à atividade antioxidante e antibacteriana. Estes extratos foram adicionados à formulação de pães integrais e verificado macroscopicamente o surgimento de sinais de deterioração em dois períodos do ano. Os pães ainda foram analisados físico-quimicamente quanto às medidas de pH, atividade de água (aw), cor e textura instrumental. Realizou-se teste sensorial de aceitabilidade por escala hedônica para os atributos cor, textura, umidade e impressão global e por teste de intenção de compra, sendo também calculado o Índice de Aceitabilidade (IA) para o atributo \"impressão global\". Para a tabulação dos dados e estatística (histograma, ANOVA e teste Tukey), utilizou-se os programas Excel 2016, STATA 14.0 e FIZZ 2,5. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo comitê de ética em pesquisa da Faculdade de Saúde Pública da USP. Resultados - Os testes antioxidantes e antibacterianos revelaram menores valores de EC50 e CIM50 para a própolis. No período do ano com temperaturas mais baixas, os pães controle e com mix de OE apresentaram deteriorações visuais somente no sétimo dia de armazenamento, enquanto que neste dia não foram observadas deteriorações no pão com própolis. As medidas de pH e a aw dos pães se encontraram dentro do padrão para esses produtos. A cor dos pães apresentou intervalos de cor L* de 57,11 a 63,50, a* de 0,20 a 1,79 e b* de 22,83 a 25,50 e a força máxima de cisalhamento variação de 9,1 N a 50,2 N. Para a análise sensorial participaram 103 indivíduos, a maioria com idade entre 22 e 40 anos e com consumo frequente de pães. O teste por escala hedônica revelou médias de notas variando entre \"gostei ligeiramente\" e \"gostei moderadamente\". O IA revelou que o pão controle foi o mais aceito (86,0%), seguido do pão com mix de OE (81,6%) e do pão com própolis (75,3%). O teste por intenção de compra indicou a nota média \"provavelmente compraria\" para todas as amostras. Nos comentários do painel sensorial foi observado que os extratos foram detectados sensorialmente. Conclusões - O mix de OE e o extrato de própolis, nas concentrações aplicadas nos pães integrais, não alcançaram todos os padrões de equivalência dos conservantes químicos. O pão com própolis apresentou maior tempo de armazenamento aceitável, indicativo de maior potencial antioxidante e antimicrobiano do que o mix de OE. As três amostras de pães obtiveram boa aceitação sensorial e com potencial para aquisição. / Introduction - Essential oils (OE) and propolis have antimicrobial properties, which generate interest in the production of food to replace chemical preservatives, which can cause damage to the body with its frequent exposure. Bread, a food of high consumption in the country, has chemical preservatives among its ingredients when it is ultra processed, even if it is of the integral type. Replacing these additives with natural preservatives then becomes a strategy for health promotion. Purpose - Evaluate the preservative action of natural extracts in whole grains. Methods - A mix of OE of thyme, oregano and basil and an alcoholic extract of propolis were used, which were analyzed for antioxidant and antibacterial activity. These extracts were added to the formulation of whole loaves and macroscopically verified the appearance of signs of deterioration in two periods of the year. The loaves were physically and chemically analyzed for pH, water activity (aw), color and instrumental texture. A sensorial acceptance test was performed by hedonic scale for the attributes color, texture, humidity and overall impression and by intention of purchase test, and the Acceptability Index (IA) was also calculated for the attribute \"overall impression\". For the tabulation of data and statistics (histogram, ANOVA and Tukey test), the programs Excel 2016, STATA 14.0 and FIZZ 2,5 were used. The research was approved by the research ethics committee of the School of Public Health of USP. Results - Antioxidant and antibacterial tests revealed lower values of EC 50 and MIC 50 for propolis. In the period of the year with lower temperatures, the control loaves and with mix of OE presented visual deteriorations only in the seventh day of storage, whereas in this day no deteriorations in the bread with propolis were observed. The pH and aw measurements of the breads met the standard for these products. The color of the breads presented L * color intervals from 57.11 to 63.50, a * from 0.20 to 1.79 and b * from 22.83 to 25.50 and the maximum shear force variation of 9.1 N at 50.2 N. For the sensorial analysis, 103 individuals participated, most of them between the ages of 22 and 40 years and with frequent use of breads. The hedonic scale test revealed mean scores ranging from \"slightly liked\" to \"moderately liked\". The IA revealed that bread was the most accepted (86.0%), followed by bread with OE mix (81.6%) and bread with propolis (75.3%). The intent-to-buy test indicated the average grade \"I would probably buy\" for all samples. In the comments of the sensorial panel it was observed that the extracts were detected sensorially. Conclusions - The mix of OE and propolis extract, in the concentrations applied in whole loaves, did not reach all equivalence standards of chemical preservatives. Propolis bread had a longer acceptable storage time, indicative of a higher antioxidant and antimicrobial potential than the OE mix. The three loaf samples had good sensory acceptance and potential for acquisition.
42

Atuação de extratos naturais com efeito antimicrobiano sobre a conservação de pães do tipo integral / Performance of natural extracts with antimicrobial effect on the conservation of whole-grain breads

Mota, Êmily Bezerra Fernandes da 10 September 2018 (has links)
Introdução - Os óleos essenciais (OE) e a própolis apresentam propriedades antimicrobianas, o que gera interesse na área de produção de alimentos para substituir conservantes químicos, os quais podem causar danos ao organismo com a sua exposição frequente. O pão, alimento de elevado consumo no país, possui conservantes químicos dentre seus ingredientes quando é ultra processado, inclusive se for do tipo integral. A substituição destes aditivos por conservantes naturais torna-se, então, uma estratégia para promoção da saúde. Objetivo - Avaliar a ação conservante de extratos naturais em pães integrais. Métodos - Foi utilizado um mix de OE de tomilho, orégano e manjericão e um extrato alcoólico de própolis, os quais foram analisados quanto à atividade antioxidante e antibacteriana. Estes extratos foram adicionados à formulação de pães integrais e verificado macroscopicamente o surgimento de sinais de deterioração em dois períodos do ano. Os pães ainda foram analisados físico-quimicamente quanto às medidas de pH, atividade de água (aw), cor e textura instrumental. Realizou-se teste sensorial de aceitabilidade por escala hedônica para os atributos cor, textura, umidade e impressão global e por teste de intenção de compra, sendo também calculado o Índice de Aceitabilidade (IA) para o atributo \"impressão global\". Para a tabulação dos dados e estatística (histograma, ANOVA e teste Tukey), utilizou-se os programas Excel 2016, STATA 14.0 e FIZZ 2,5. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo comitê de ética em pesquisa da Faculdade de Saúde Pública da USP. Resultados - Os testes antioxidantes e antibacterianos revelaram menores valores de EC50 e CIM50 para a própolis. No período do ano com temperaturas mais baixas, os pães controle e com mix de OE apresentaram deteriorações visuais somente no sétimo dia de armazenamento, enquanto que neste dia não foram observadas deteriorações no pão com própolis. As medidas de pH e a aw dos pães se encontraram dentro do padrão para esses produtos. A cor dos pães apresentou intervalos de cor L* de 57,11 a 63,50, a* de 0,20 a 1,79 e b* de 22,83 a 25,50 e a força máxima de cisalhamento variação de 9,1 N a 50,2 N. Para a análise sensorial participaram 103 indivíduos, a maioria com idade entre 22 e 40 anos e com consumo frequente de pães. O teste por escala hedônica revelou médias de notas variando entre \"gostei ligeiramente\" e \"gostei moderadamente\". O IA revelou que o pão controle foi o mais aceito (86,0%), seguido do pão com mix de OE (81,6%) e do pão com própolis (75,3%). O teste por intenção de compra indicou a nota média \"provavelmente compraria\" para todas as amostras. Nos comentários do painel sensorial foi observado que os extratos foram detectados sensorialmente. Conclusões - O mix de OE e o extrato de própolis, nas concentrações aplicadas nos pães integrais, não alcançaram todos os padrões de equivalência dos conservantes químicos. O pão com própolis apresentou maior tempo de armazenamento aceitável, indicativo de maior potencial antioxidante e antimicrobiano do que o mix de OE. As três amostras de pães obtiveram boa aceitação sensorial e com potencial para aquisição. / Introduction - Essential oils (OE) and propolis have antimicrobial properties, which generate interest in the production of food to replace chemical preservatives, which can cause damage to the body with its frequent exposure. Bread, a food of high consumption in the country, has chemical preservatives among its ingredients when it is ultra processed, even if it is of the integral type. Replacing these additives with natural preservatives then becomes a strategy for health promotion. Purpose - Evaluate the preservative action of natural extracts in whole grains. Methods - A mix of OE of thyme, oregano and basil and an alcoholic extract of propolis were used, which were analyzed for antioxidant and antibacterial activity. These extracts were added to the formulation of whole loaves and macroscopically verified the appearance of signs of deterioration in two periods of the year. The loaves were physically and chemically analyzed for pH, water activity (aw), color and instrumental texture. A sensorial acceptance test was performed by hedonic scale for the attributes color, texture, humidity and overall impression and by intention of purchase test, and the Acceptability Index (IA) was also calculated for the attribute \"overall impression\". For the tabulation of data and statistics (histogram, ANOVA and Tukey test), the programs Excel 2016, STATA 14.0 and FIZZ 2,5 were used. The research was approved by the research ethics committee of the School of Public Health of USP. Results - Antioxidant and antibacterial tests revealed lower values of EC 50 and MIC 50 for propolis. In the period of the year with lower temperatures, the control loaves and with mix of OE presented visual deteriorations only in the seventh day of storage, whereas in this day no deteriorations in the bread with propolis were observed. The pH and aw measurements of the breads met the standard for these products. The color of the breads presented L * color intervals from 57.11 to 63.50, a * from 0.20 to 1.79 and b * from 22.83 to 25.50 and the maximum shear force variation of 9.1 N at 50.2 N. For the sensorial analysis, 103 individuals participated, most of them between the ages of 22 and 40 years and with frequent use of breads. The hedonic scale test revealed mean scores ranging from \"slightly liked\" to \"moderately liked\". The IA revealed that bread was the most accepted (86.0%), followed by bread with OE mix (81.6%) and bread with propolis (75.3%). The intent-to-buy test indicated the average grade \"I would probably buy\" for all samples. In the comments of the sensorial panel it was observed that the extracts were detected sensorially. Conclusions - The mix of OE and propolis extract, in the concentrations applied in whole loaves, did not reach all equivalence standards of chemical preservatives. Propolis bread had a longer acceptable storage time, indicative of a higher antioxidant and antimicrobial potential than the OE mix. The three loaf samples had good sensory acceptance and potential for acquisition.
43

Avaliação de parâmetros imunológicos inatos e morfologia intestinal de trutas arco-íris (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792), alimentadas com ácido ascórbico e flavonoides após aplicação de glicocorticoide exógeno. / Evaluation of innate immune parameters and intestinal morphology of fed ascorbic acid and flavonoids rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792), after exogenous glucocorticoids application.

Pinto, Joana Mona e 08 December 2014 (has links)
Os teleósteos submetidos a estresse ocorre aumento dos níveis de glicocorticoides, desencadeando uma reorganização metabólica, que resulta na imunossupressão dos animais, deixando-os mais suscetível a potenciais patógenos. Os antibióticos são comumente utilizados no controle das enfermidades bacterianas, porém, o uso indiscriminado pode provocar a seleção de cepas resistentes. Uma alternativa é a prevenção, através do uso de aditivos dietários imunoestimulantes. Os flavonoides e o ácido ascórbico (AA) são conhecidos por suas atividades anti-inflamatória, antioxidante e antiestresse. Assim, o estudo em questão visou avaliar a sua influência no desempenho; no intestino e nos parâmetros de imunidade inata de trutas arco-íris, em condições ideais e após aplicação de glicocorticoide exógeno (dexametasona). Foram realizados dois experimentos: 1 - grupos controle (GC) e o aditivo (GA), tratados por noventa dias; 2 - grupos controle (GC), aditivo (GA), dexametasona (GD) e aditivo + dexametasona (GAD), por trinta dias. No primeiro experimento o aditivo proporcionou o aumento da altura do epitélio no início do intestino, além da diminuição da densidade de células de muco nos cecos pilóricos, e o aumento no início do intestino. No segundo experimento, o aditivo causou a diminuição da altura do epitélio nos cecos pilóricos e início do intestino. O glicocorticoide exógeno causou perda de peso dos animais e a diminuição da altura do epitélio em todas as porções intestinais. Ainda, resultados positivos foram vistos em relação ao numero de leucócitos, do GAD, assim o aditivo foi diferencial e pareceu compensar as ações do glicocorticoide. Os resultados indicam que o uso de ácido ascórbico e flavonoides apresenta vantagens em situações de estresse. / Teleosts subjected to stress show increase in glucocorticoids levels, this triggers a metabolic reorganization, resulting in the animal immunosuppression, this let animals susceptible to potential pathogens. The antibiotics are commonly used to control bacterial diseases, but their indiscriminate use can lead to selection of resistant pathogenic strains. A viable alternative is to work on prevention, through the use of immunostimulant dietary additives. Flavonoids and ascorbic acid (AA) are known for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-stress activity. For this reason, the present study aimed to evaluate their influence in the growth performance; the gut; the innate immunity parameters of rainbow trouts in ideal conditions and after an exogenous glucocorticoid application (dexamethasone). For this, two experiments were performed: 1- groups control (GC) and the additive (GA) for ninety days. 2 - with four groups control (GC), additive (GA), dexamethasone (GD) and additive + dexamethasone (GAD) lasting thirty ninety days. In the first experiment, the additive increased epithelial height at the initial intestine, in addition to decreased mucus cell density of the pyloric caeca, and the increase in the initial intestine. In the second experiment, the additive decreased epithelial height in pyloric caeca and initial intestine. The exogenous glucocorticoid caused animal weight loss, and epithelial height decrease in all intestinal portions. Positive results was observed on GAD leukocytes number, so the additive was differential and seemed to compensate the glucocorticoids actions. The results indicate that the use of ascorbic acid and flavonoids has advantages in stress situations.
44

Food additives and behaviour in 8-9 year old children in Hong Kong. / 香港兒童(8-9歲)食物添加劑及行為研究 / CUHK electronic theses & dissertations collection / Xianggang er tong (8-9 sui) shi wu tian jia ji ji xing wei yan jiu

January 2011 (has links)
Lok, Yuet Wan. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 156-176). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract and appendix also in Chinese.
45

Impacto da orientação nutricional com restrição de alimentos aditivados sobre a fosfatemia de pacientes em hemodiálise

Watanabe, Marcela Tatiana. January 2019 (has links)
Orientador: Jacqueline Costa Teixeira Caramori / Resumo: A hiperfosfatemia está associada com maior risco de doenças cardiovasculares, eventos ateroscleróticos, hiperparatireoidismo secundário e doença óssea, e pode ser tratada pela combinação de aconselhamento dietético, uso de quelantes e diálise. Aditivos que contêm fosfato estão cada vez mais sendo adicionados nos alimentos processados, e uma importante abordagem para limitar a ingestão de fosfato seria o reconhecimento destes aditivos e a restrição dietética do fosfato inorgânico. Ensaios clínicos mostraram que educação nutricional, utilizando materiais educativos impressos e tecnologia, auxilia no manejo da hiperfosfatemia de pacientes renais crônicos, especialmente aqueles em diálise. OBJETIVO: Verificar o impacto da educação nutricional, focada em aditivos alimentares, na hiperfosfatemia de pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC) em tratamento hemodialítico. MÉTODOS: Ensaio clínico randomizado controlado de intervenção, com pacientes em hemodiálise, no qual se realizou orientação nutricional direcionada a restrição de alimentos processados contendo aditivos para controle da fosfatemia, durante seis meses, na Diálise do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – UNESP. Os pacientes foram randomizados em Grupo Intervenção (GI) e Controle (GC). Nos início e final do seguimento foram realizadas coletas de dados completas e aplicados inquéritos alimentares: Registros Alimentares de três dias (RA3) e Questionários de Frequência Alimentar para Fosfato (QFA). No ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Hyperphosphatemia is associated with greater risk of cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerotic events, secondary hyperparathyroidism and bone disease), and can be treated by a combination of dietary counseling, chelation and dialysis. Phosphate-containing additives are increasingly being added in processed foods, and an important approach to limiting phosphate intake would be to focus on the dietary restriction of the inorganic phosphate of these additives. Clinical trials have shown that nutritional education, utilizing printed educational materials, aids in the management of hyperphosphatemia of renal disease patients, especially those on dialysis. OBJECTIVES: To verify the impact of nutritional education focused on food additives on parameters of mineral and bone disorders and dietary intake in hemodialytic patients, during six months. METHODS: A controlled randomized clinical trial of intervention, with patients in chronic hemodialytic treatment, in which nutritional guidance, focused on restricting processed foods containing additives, was performed in order to control phosphatemia, for six months, in the Dialysis Unit at the Hospital of Clinics of the Botucatu School of Medicine – UNESP. Patients were randomized into Intervention and Control Group. At the beginning and end of follow-up, complete data collections were performed. In Intervention Group (IG), patients received, nutritional education focused on the consumption of processed foods containing additives with exhi... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor
46

Influência de aditivos alimentares sobre as Características físico-químicas, sensoriais e Microbiológicas do camarão Xyphopenaeus kroyeri

Fossati, Ana Amélia Nunes January 2014 (has links)
Dada a importância do camarão para a economia do Brasil e as exigências cada vez mais acentuadas dos países importadores quanto à qualidade do produto final, bem como sua conservação para garantir a oferta de um produto de qualidade aos consumidores, a indústria pesqueira vem utilizando diversas classes de aditivos alimentares: anti-melanóticos, antioxidantes e anti-microbianos. Desta forma, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito dos aditivos alimentares: cloreto de sódio, metabissulfito de sódio, nitrito de sódio e ácido cítrico sobre a vida-de-prateleira do camarão Xyphopenaeus kroyeri resfriado, além de avaliar a ação anti-melanótica destes aditivos por 12 dias pós-captura através de escala de graus de melanose. Os camarões dos tratamentos controle (sem aditivo), com metabissulfito de sódio e com nitrito de sódio mantiveram seus valores de pH constantes até o 12º dia de armazenamento e os valores de pH demonstraram correlações positivas com a contagem de mesófilos (r=0,6633;p=0,0070), e com valores de BNVT (r=0,7173; p=0,0026). Durante o período avaliado, os camarões que apresentaram menor produção de bases nitrogenadas voláteis totais foram os imersos em nitrito de sódio (1%), com valores crescentes de 48,20±25,03 no dia 1; 128,00±25,45 no dia 7; 161,50±19,09 no dia 10 e 230,50±33,23 no dia 12. Os valores de força de cisalhamento não exibiram diferença (p>0,05) entre os tratamentos e entre os dias de armazenamento. As bactérias mesófilas e psicotróficas apresentaram as menores contagens nos camarões imersos em cloreto de sódio a 2% e nitrito de sódio a 1%. Não houve crescimento de coliformes termotolerantes, estando todos os tratamentos de acordo com a legislação vigente. O tratamento com metabissulfito de sódio foi o que apresentou menores graus de melanose. Na análise sensorial, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos, demonstrando que o uso de aditivos pode auxiliar na preservação da qualidade do camarão sem alterar as características sensoriais do mesmo. / Given the importance of shrimp to the economy of Brazil and progressively greater demands of importing countries as to the quality of the final product as well as its conservation to ensure the provision of a quality product to consumers, the fishing industry has been using various classes’ food additives: non-melanotics, antioxidants and antimicrobials. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of food additives: sodium chloride, sodium metabisulfite, sodium nitrite and citric acid on the shelf- life of shrimp Xyphopenaeus kroyeri cold, and to evaluate the anti-melanosis action of these additives by 12 days post-capture through melanosis scale degrees. The shrimps of the control treatment (no additive), with sodium metabisulfite and sodium nitrite maintained their pH constant until the 12th day of storage, add the pH values showed positive correlations with counts of mesophilic (r2= 0.6633, p = 0.0070) and with BNVT values (r2= 0.7173, p = 0.0026). During the study period, the shrimp that showed low production of volatile nitrogenous bases were immersed in sodium nitrite (1 %) , with increasing values of 48.20 ± 25.03 on day 1; 128.00 ± 25.45 on day 7; 161.50 ± 19.09 on day 10 and 230.50 ± 33.23 on day 12. Values of shear force showed no difference (p > 0.05) between treatments and between days of storage. The mesophilic and psicotrophic showed the lowest counts shrimps immersed in sodium chloride 2% and sodium nitrite 1%. There was no presence of coliforms growth, with all treatments in accordance with current legislation. Treatment with sodium metabisulfite showed the lowest degree of melanosis. In sensory analysis, no significant differences between treatments were found, demonstrating that the use of additives can assist in preserving the quality of the shrimp without altering the sensory characteristics.
47

An evaluation of bentonite feed additives in horses and dogs and a reflection on the research process

Hannon, Robert Logan, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture, School of Agriculture and Rural Development January 1996 (has links)
This thesis reports on investigations into the influence of diet and a bentonite feed additive on blood parameters in the horse, and the effect of a bentonite feed additive on the process of digestion in the dog. In addition, the methodology of scientific research is examined, and reflections of learning experiences arising from contact with the Hawkesbury approach described. A high-concentrate low-roughage diet, consisting by weight of 70% oats and 30% lucerne chaff, when fed to horses was shown to influence blood red cell levels and blood L-lactate levels compared to three diets of equivalent energy content but reduced proportion of concentrate. Other blood parameters measured included pack cell volume, total plasma protein, total and differential white blood cell count. These demonstrated no significant alteration with diet. The inclusion of bentonite feed additive in a kibble and mince diet fed to dogs was demonstrated to improve the digestion of dry matter and organic matter components of the diet compared to the unmedicated control diet. Inclusion of bentonite food additive in the diet was also associated with an improvement in degree of stool formation and reduction in faecal odour. Part B of the thesis documents the learning experience developed from involvement in the Masters program and reflection on the research studies undertaken. A model for improved reductionist research is described. / Master of Science (Hons) (Systems Agriculture)
48

A model of consumers' perceptions of food additives and consequent purchasing behaviour / Emmerentia Gertruida Dicks

Dicks, Emmerentia Gertruida January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D. (Consumer Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.
49

Sensory Evaluations of USDA Select Strip Loin Steaks Enhanced with Sodium and Potassium Phosphates and USDA Choice Strip Loin Steaks for Comparable Palatability Factors

Reynolds, Lindsey 01 May 2011 (has links)
The cyclic nature of the beef industry is dependent on the supply and demand transaction initiated by consumers’ acceptability of quality meat products. When purchasing beef at the grocery store, consumers are dependent on USDA grades and visual appraisal; consumers expect consistency in products. Upon this appraisal, quality is determined by the color, marbling content, and texture of a particular retail cut, as well as cooked characteristics of tenderness, flavor, and juiciness. Variability in meat tenderness is a major quality defect of beef (Morgan et al., 1991b; Smith et al., 1992). A common practice used by beef processors to extend the shelf life and improve tenderness of beef products is “enhancing”. Even though enhancing products is effective for water and color retention and improved tenderness, these additives can negatively impact flavor by giving a bitter, salty or metallic taste. This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of enhancement on the eating quality of USDA Select strip loin steaks. After a training session, six students in the agriculture department at Western Kentucky University were selected to serve on a sensory panel. The panel members evaluated tenderness, juiciness, flavor, off-flavor, overall acceptability, and saltiness. The USDA Select strip loin steaks were enhanced with a 12% solution of sodium and potassium phosphate and USDA Choice strip loin steaks were non-enhanced. Results indicated the enhanced product was inferior for all palatability measures (P<.05). Enhanced USDA Select strip loin steaks were rated as being lower for tenderness, juiciness, flavor, overall acceptability, and more salty. Also, the enhanced strip loin steaks received significantly higher evaluations for off-flavor (P<.01). These data suggested that a 12% solution of sodium and potassium phosphates administered to USDA Select strip loin steaks lowered consumer satisfaction.
50

Analysis of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in polyvinyl chloride and monosodium glutamate in foodstuff using high performance liquidchromatography and the investigation of microwave digestion method forpaint analysis

鄧善均, Tang, Shin-kwan, Andrew. January 1989 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Chemistry / Master / Master of Philosophy

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