Objetivo. Realizou-se avaliação do estado nutricional e do consumo alimentar em operadores de telemarketing submetidos a 3 turnos fixos. Métodos. A amostra foi composta por 218 trabalhadores (Matutino=72; Vespertino= 97 e Noturno= 49) de duas centrais de atendimento telefônico, uma vinculada a planos de saúde (A) e outra a uma empresa aérea (B). Para avaliação antropométrica, foram obtidas as seguintes medidas: peso, estatura e circunferência da cintura (CC). Um questionário para autopreenchimento foi utilizado com os seguintes itens: identificação, hábitos de etilismo e tabagismo, freqüência de consumo alimentar (QFA) de alimentos estimulantes do sistema nervoso central e de lanches. Entrevistas foram realizadas para obtenção de 3 inquéritos recordatórios 24 horas (2 dias de trabalho e 1 dia folga). O índice de massa corporal (IMC) (Peso/Estatura2) e a CC foram classificados de acordo com o preconizado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). O cálculo do valor nutricional da dieta (macronutrientes e energia) foi realizado com o auxílio do programa Virtual Nutri. Os testes estatísticos utilizados foram: ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, teste exato de Fisher e qui-quadrado de Pearson. Foi considerado nível de significância estatística p=0,05. Resultados. Os operadores eram: 74,2% do gênero feminino, 44% tinham curso superior incompleto e com média de idade igual a 28,9 anos (desvio padrão= 7,6 anos). Do total, 45,0 % referiram aumentar de peso após começar a trabalhar como operador e 28,9% alteraram o consumo alimentar devido a ansiedade no trabalho. A obesidade (IMC_30 kg/m2) atingiu 9,3% (13,0% em homens e 8,1% em mulheres). A CC identificou 14,4% dos operadores com aumento do risco para doenças crônicas associadas à obesidade (CC _ 80 cm para mulheres e _ 94 para homens) e com risco muito aumentado (CC_ 88 cm para mulheres e _ 102 para homens) em 11,6% dos casos. A média do consumo alimentar dos 3 dias evidencia em mulheres, consumo calórico igual a 1612,4 kcal, os valores da porcentagem do valor calórico total da deita (%VCT) para proteínas de 15,2%, carboidratos 49,3% (fibras 10,3 gramas), lipídios 30,6% (lipídios insaturados 22,8 gramas e colesterol 229,9 gramas). Em homens, o consumo calórico médio foi igual a 2741,7 kcal, com valores da %VCT para proteínas iguais a 16,9%, carboidratos 47,7% (fibras 14,7 gramas), lipídios 32,9% (insaturados 41,1 gramas e colesterol 433,9 gramas). Em relação as recomendações da FAO/OMS (1998) para energia a porcentagem de adequação atingiu 77% para mulheres e 100% em homens. Baseando-se nas recomendações FAO/OMS (2003) os percentis de lipídios estavam acima e para carboidratos, fibras e lipídios insaturados abaixo do prescrito. Em homens, verificou-se consumo elevado de colesterol e do valor do percentil de proteínas (%VCT) em relação ao recomendado pela FAO/OMS (2003). O QFA identificou maior consumo de café (44,5%) e café com leite (42,6%) em relação a substancias estimulantes. Os lanches mais ingeridos diariamente foram: bebidas lácteas (38,5%) e sucos de frutas prontos para beber (38,1%). O turno noturno apresentou diferenças significantes em relação à faixa etária, gênero, possuir outro emprego, fumo, IMC em mulheres e consumo de café, refrigerantes a base de cola, refrigerantes, chicletes e balas dietéticas, suco de frutas prontos para beber e salgadinhos e biscoitos.Conclusões. Sugerem-se evidências de ausência de dietas balanceadas e índices elevados do IMC e da obesidade abdominal em operadores de telemarketing, especialmente em homens do turno noturno. / Objective. The aim of this survey was to identify nutritional status and food intake among call center operators who work in 3-fixed Schedule. Methods. Two hundred and eighteen workers (Morning=72; Afternoon=97 and Evening= 49) of two call centers were studied (A dealing with health assitence services and B airplane company). For anthropometric assessment were used weight, height and waist circumference (WC). The operators filled self-aplicable questionnaire about identification, smoking and drink habits and food frequency (QFA) of snacks and stimulants consumption. Interviews were taken about dietary intake (24 hours recall in 2 workdays and 1 offday). Body mass index (BMI) and WC were classified according to the World Health Organizaton's (WHO) patterns. The nutritional values were calculated through the Virtual Nutri software. The statistics testes were: ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Exact Fisher test and Pearson's chi-square. Statistic significance level was considered less than p=0.05. Results. The operators were: 74.2% women, 44% had incomplete undergraduate level and the average age was 28.9 (Std Dev=7.6 years old). In the total, 45% referred weight gain after start working in call centers and 28.9% changed dietary habits due to the anxiety during the working time. Obesity (BMI _ 30 kg/m2) was 9.3% (13% in men and 8.1% in women). WC identified 14.4% of operators in high risk of chronic diseases associated with obesity (WC _ 80cm for women and _ 94 cm for men) and in substantially high (WC _ 88 cm for women and _ 102 cm for men) 11,6% of the cases. The average in 3 days of dietary intake in women showed that caloric intake was 1612.4 kcal, the values of percentage of calories (%VPC) coming from protein was 15.2% carbohydrates, 49.3% (fiber 10.3 grams), lipids 30.6% (unsaturated lipids 22.8 grams and cholesterol 229.9 grams). In men, the caloric intake was 2741.7 kcal, with values of %VPC for protein of 16.9%, carbohydrates 47.7% (fiber 14.7 grams), lipids 32.9% (unsaturated lipids 41.4 grams and cholesterol 433.9 grams). Based on FAO/OMS (1998) recommendations of energy, women intakes were 77% and men 100% of recommendations. According to FAO/OMS (2003) recommendations, the values of %VPC for lipids were high and for carbohydrates, fiber and unsaturated lipids were low. In men, cholesterol intake and percentage of protein were high comparing to the FAO/OMS recommendations. The FFQ identified high daily intake of coffee (44.5%) and milk with coffee (42.6%) based on stimulants consumption. The daily intakes of milky drinks (38.5%) and fruit juices ready to drink (38.1%) were high. The night shift workers showed significances differences with age, gender, extra job, smoking, BMI in women and intakes of coffee, cola drinks, diet bubblegum and candy, fruit juices ready to drink and cookies. Conclusions. Study findings suggest that diets were inadequate; overall obesity and abdominal obesity were high among call center operators, especially in men that work at night.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:06:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Josimara_F_Moura.pdf: 1234696 bytes, checksum: 25e57565e5ab268d694031013487a9d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-31 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Introduction: Overweight and obesity rates have been increasing in recent years and little is known of this trend in workers of the Family Health Strategy. Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status of workers working in the health strategy of the family in the city of Manaus-AM, 2010. Methodology: The survey was conducted, from May to October 2010, by selecting a census of the workers of the Family Health Strategy for the South Health District, namely doctors, nurses, dentists, technicians, nurses, technicians, dental hygiene and community health worker, totaling 524 workers in professional practice. Because it is a longitudinal study with three subsequent interviews, we referred to the Human Resources department of the SEMS (Municipal Health Manaus) to raise the workers who were licensed at the beginning of the collection or enjoying holiday period address any one of three interviews, with an interval of 30 days, so 255 became eligible for this study. Of these, 30 were excluded for health-related characteristics, namely: 25 reported previous diagnosis of diabetes, hypertension and / or gastritis, morbidities that interfere with the profile of food intake, and 5 subjects were in the gestational period. Among the 225 subjects who met strict inclusion criteria, seven were interviewed but did not allow performing anthropometry at the first interview, 19 did not complete the three required interviews the evaluation proposed in this project, of which 9 are dropped in the second interview and 10 chose not to continue in the third. We obtained complete data from 199 of the 225 eligible subjects, with a loss of about 11%. Anthropometry was performed in the first two interviews, by measuring weight and height to calculate body mass index and waist circumference in which were classified as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). In anthropometry protocol contained sociodemographic information (gender, age, duration of work in the health strategy of the family, monthly family income, physical activity 150 minutes or more per week). For analysis of food consumption was applied in three stages, two types of dietary survey: 24-hour recall and food marker consumption Surveillance System Food and Nutrition (SISVAN). For evaluation of nutrient intake (calories, carbohydrates, saturated fats, polyunsaturated, monounsaturated and fibers) collected from the 24-hour recall was used for nutritional assessment software Diet Pro version 5.1. With the marker SISVAN, analyzed the difference between the weekly frequencies of consumption of food groups regarding demographic variables in workers. Data analysis was done with the aid of the statistical program STATA version 11.0 and 2.11 R Results: The results were divided into two articles: Article 1 - found a high rate of overweight among women, 62.1% and 51.2%, respectively, male and female. For waist circumference women had 51.8% in the very high risk. It was found that this population is sedentary (75.9%). In relation to food consumption, both sexes consumed energy below recommended levels, but high intake of protein, carbohydrate, saturated fat and fiber. 11 Article 2 - The average consumption of cooked vegetables was higher among those who practiced physical activity (p = 0.032) and among those with higher monthly household income (25 to 30 minimum wages). The average consumption of fruits had significant differences in physical activity, occupation and monthly family income (p <0.05). The average consumption of beans had significant difference with the professional category and income, 25 to 30 minimum wages (p <0.05). The milk group and / or yogurt, too, significant difference in the professional category and monthly income, and the ACD had higher average consumption (p = 0.038) than the other categories and who have a monthly family income between 19 to 24 minimum wages (p = 0.041). The average consumption of crackers and fried chips showed a significant difference between the professional category, education and monthly income. Conclusion: These findings may relate to the development of chronic diseases, requiring adoption of preventive measures and health care of these workers. The survey System Food and Nutrition Surveillance has limitations to relate food intake with diseases, and investigation of food habits of the population in general and this study. / Introdução: As taxas se sobrepeso e obesidade vem aumentando nos últimos anos e pouco se sabe dessa tendência em trabalhadores da Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Objetivo: Avaliar o estado nutricional de trabalhadores que atuam na estratégia de saúde da família na cidade de Manaus-AM, 2010. Metodologia: A pesquisa foi conduzida, no período de maio a outubro de 2010, selecionando-se o censo dos trabalhadores da Estratégia de Saúde da Família do Distrito de Saúde Sul, a saber: médicos, enfermeiros, dentistas, técnicos de enfermagem, técnicos de higiene dental e agente comunitário de saúde, que totalizam 524 trabalhadores em exercício profissional. Por se tratar de um estudo longitudinal, com três entrevistas subsequentes, consultou-se o setor de Recursos Humanos da SEMSA (Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Manaus) no sentido de levantar os trabalhadores que estariam licenciados no início da coleta ou gozando férias em período que incidisse em qualquer uma das três entrevistas, com intervalo de 30 dias, de forma que 255 se tornaram elegíveis para o presente estudo. Destes, 30 foram excluídos por características relacionadas à saúde, a saber: 25 referiram diagnóstico pregresso de diabetes, hipertensão e/ou gastrite, morbidades que interferem no perfil de ingestão alimentar; e 5 sujeitos encontravam-se em período gestacional. Entre os 225 sujeitos que cumpriam rigorosamente os critérios de inclusão, 7 foram entrevistados mas não permitiram realização de antropometria já na primeira entrevista; 19 não completaram as três entrevistas necessárias a avaliação proposta no presente projeto, dos quais 9 desistiram na segunda entrevista e 10 optaram por não continuar na terceira. Foram obtidos dados completos de 199 sujeitos entre os 225 elegíveis, com um perda de cerca de 11%. Foi realizado antropometria, nas duas primeiras entrevistas, por meio de aferição de peso e estatura para cálculo do Índice de Massa Corpórea e circunferência da cintura nos quais foram classificados conforme o preconizado pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). No protocolo de antropometria constavam informações sóciodemográficas (sexo, idade, tempo de trabalho na estratégia de saúde da família, renda mensal familiar, prática de exercício físico 150 minutos ou mais por semana). Para análise de consumo alimentar foi aplicado, em três momentos, dois tipos de inquérito alimentar: recordatório de 24h e o marcador de consumo alimentar do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (SISVAN). Para avaliação de consumo de nutrientes (energia, carboidrato, gorduras saturadas, poliinsaturadass, monoinsaturadas e fibras) coletado do recordatório de 24h foi utilizado um software de avaliação nutricional Diet Pro versão 5.1. Com o marcador do SISVAN, analisou a diferença da frequência semanal de consumo de grupos de alimentos em relação as variáveis demográficas em trabalhadores. O tratamento dos dados foi feito com o auxílio do programa estatístico STATA 11.0 e R versão 2.11 9 Resultados: Os resultados foram distribuídos em dois artigos, a saber: Artigo 1 - Verificou uma elevada taxa de sobrepeso entre os sexos, 62,1% e 51,2%, respectivamente, masculino e feminino. Em relação a circunferência da cintura as mulheres apresentaram 51,8 % dentro do risco muito elevado. Foi constatado que essa população é sedentária (75,9%). Em relação ao consumo alimentar, os dois sexos consumiam energia abaixo do recomendado, porém elevada ingestão de proteínas, carboidrato gorduras saturadas e fibras. Artigo 2 - O consumo médio de legumes e verduras cozidas foi maior entre os indivíduos que praticavam atividade física (p=0,032) e também entre aqueles com maior renda mensal familiar (25 a 30 salários-mínimos). A média de consumo de frutas teve diferença significativa em relação à atividade física, categoria profissional e renda mensal familiar (p<0,05). A média de consumo de feijão teve diferença significativa com a categoria profissional e renda mensal, 25 a 30 salários-mínimos, (p<0,05). O grupo de leite e/ou iogurte, também, apresentou diferença significativa com a categoria profissional e renda mensal, sendo que os ACD apresentaram média de consumo maior (p=0,038) que as demais categorias e quem têm renda mensal familiar entre 19 a 24 salários-mínimos (p=0,041). A média de consumo de bolacha salgada e salgadinho frito mostraram diferença significativa entre a categoria profissional, escolaridade e renda mensal. Conclusão: Esses achados podem incidir para o desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, sendo necessária adoção de medidas preventivas e atenção à saúde desses trabalhadores. O inquérito do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional apresenta limitações para se relacionar consumo alimentar com doenças, além a investigação de hábito alimentar da população em geral e deste estudo.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-01-26T16:31:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Danilo Antonio Morenz.pdf: 881703 bytes, checksum: 6cfcd4c0f7c8a5dd52386788991fd786 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-26T16:31:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Danilo Antonio Morenz.pdf: 881703 bytes, checksum: 6cfcd4c0f7c8a5dd52386788991fd786 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-31 / CAPES / The aim was evaluate the effect of replacing corn by bakery waste (BW) in goats diet on performance, dry matter and nutrients intake, carcass characteristics, chemical composition and fatty acid profile of the Longissimus dorsi muscle and the food intake, apparent digestibility, nitrogen balance, ruminal parameters, production and composition of milk by goats. Experiment 1: Four levels of inclusion of BW replacing corn (0, 33, 66, 100%) in the diet of kids distributed in a completely randomized design were analyzed. The diets were composed of concentrate and Cynodon spp. hay, with forage: concentrate ratio of 60:40. The intakes of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract and carbohydrates decreased linearly, while the non-fiber carbohydrates intake, animal performance, carcass characteristics and chemical composition were not affected by replacement of corn by BW. The elaidic acid content (C18: 1 trans-9) increased in the fatty acid profile of the Longissimus dorsi muscle with the inclusion of RP, which can be used as a substitute for corn meal in goats feed composition. It was concluded that bakery waste can substitute the corn up to 100% in the concentrate mixture without affecting intake, performance and carcass and meat traits of kids. Experiment 2: Bakery waste was added replacing 0; 25; 50; 75 and 100% of the concentrate in dry matter basis. Five Saanen lactating goats, non-pregnant with an average weight of 55.7 kg were arranged in a 5 x 5 Latin Square design. Experimental diets were composed by Cynodon hay and concentrate, in a roughage:concentrate ration of 40:60. The inclusion of BW in diets decreases the intake of ether extract, acid detergent fiber and the coefficients of apparent digestibility of crude protein and ether extract. Different levels of substitution did not affect ruminal pH, but for the concentration of ruminal ammonia was found linear reduction with the level of replacement. The inclusion of BW in diets increased the efficiency of use of N. The bakery waste can replace conventional concentrate in diets for goats. / Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da substitui??o do milho pelo res?duo de panifica??o (RP) na dieta de cabritos sobre o desempenho, consumo de mat?ria seca e dos nutrientes, caracter?sticas de carca?a, composi??o qu?mica e perfil dos ?cidos graxos do m?sculo Longissimus dorsi e em cabras em lacta??o o consumo alimentar, a digestibilidade aparente, o balan?o de compostos nitrogenados, os par?metros ruminais, a produ??o e a composi??o do leite. Experimento 1: Foram analisados quatro n?veis de inclus?o do RP em substitui??o ao milho (0, 33, 66, 100%) na dieta de cabritos distribu?dos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. As dietas foram compostas de concentrado e feno de Cynodon spp, com rela??o volumoso:concentrado de 60:40. O consumo de mat?ria seca (MS), mat?ria org?nica (MO), prote?na bruta (PB), extrato et?reo (EE) e carboidratos totais (CT) foi linear decrescente, enquanto que o consumo de carboidratos n?o fibrosos (CNF), o desempenho dos animais, as caracter?sticas de carca?a e a composi??o centesimal n?o foram influenciados pela inclus?o do RP em substitui??o ao milho. O teor de ?cido ela?dico (C 18:1 trans-9) aumentou no perfil de ?cidos graxos do m?sculo Longissimus dorsi com a inclus?o do RP. Conclui-se que o RP pode substituir o milho em at? 100% na mistura do concentrado. Experimento 2: Foram avaliados cinco n?veis de substitui??o do concentrado pelo RP (0, 25, 50, 75, 100%), utilizando-se cinco cabras em lacta??o da ra?a Saanen, com peso m?dio de 55,7 kg, distribu?dos em delineamento em Quadrado Latino 5 X 5. As dietas experimentais foram compostas de concentrado e feno de Cynodon spp, numa rela??o volumoso:concentrado de 40:60 na mat?ria seca. Houve redu??o linear do consumo de EE, do consumo de FDA, da digestibilidade da PB e da digestibilidade do EE. A substitui??o crescente do concentrado pelo RP na dieta n?o influenciou o pH ruminal, por?m reduziu a concentra??o de N-NH3 no l?quido ruminal. A inclus?o do RP em n?veis crescentes nas dietas favoreceu a efici?ncia de utiliza??o de nitrog?nio. O RP pode substituir totalmente o concentrado na dieta de cabras em lacta??o.

Die Etablierung eines gesunden Ernährungsverhaltens unserer Kinder ist die wichtigste Voraussetzung für ihre körperliche, kognitive und emotionale Entwicklung. Dabei sind neben einer genetischen Disposition und kulturellen Gegebenheiten vor allem die Einflüsse der jeweiligen Betreuungspersonen ausschlaggebend. Die Eltern steuern sowohl direkt (durch Aufforderungen, Verbote u.ä.) als auch indirekt (durch die Förderung eigenverantwortlicher Entscheidungen u.ä.) das Ernährungsverhalten ihres Kindes. Untersuchungen zum mütterlichen Steuerungsverhalten konzentrierten sich bisher vorwiegend auf die Betrachtung direkter Strategien sowie auf altershomogene und sozial besser gestellte Gruppen. Aufgrund möglicher Verzerrungen durch die Betrachtung einzelner Ausschnitte des Zusammenhangs zwischen Steuerung und Ernährung wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit ein Gesamtmodell spezifiziert, welches den Zusammenhang zwischen elterlicher Steuerung und kindlicher Ernährung unter Berücksichtigung von Sozial- und Gewichtsfaktoren abbildet. Dazu wurden drei Erhebungen mit insgesamt über 900 Müttern 1 – 10-jähriger Kinder durchgeführt. Innerhalb dieser Untersuchungen ist es gelungen, erstmalig ein deutschsprachiges Instrument zur Messung elterlicher Steuerungsstrategien in der Essenssituation (ISS) zu entwickeln. Die Analysen zeigten, dass bisher nur selten untersuchte Strategien, wie das explizite Bemühen um Vorbildwirkung und das Erlauben von eigenverantwortlichen Entscheidungen des Kindes, von den Müttern häufig angewandt werden. Die Analyse des komplexen Wirkungsgefüge von Steuerung, kindlicher Ernährung sowie sozialer und gewichtsbezogener Faktoren zeigte weiterhin, dass neben stabilen Faktoren, wie dem mütterlichen Status und dem Alter des Kindes, ein entscheidender Anteil der mütterlichen Steuerungsstrategien für die kindliche Ernährung verantwortlich ist. Die berichteten Ergebnisse zeigen auf, wie relevant die gemeinsame Betrachtung von gesunden und problematischen Nahrungsmitteln sowie die den Zusammenhang zwischen Steuerung und Ernährung beeinflussenden Faktoren innerhalb eines Modells ist. Zusammengefasst scheint vor allem die Steuerung durch Belohnung von und mit bestimmten Nahrungsmitteln eine für das kindliche Ernährungsverhalten und das Übergewichtsrisiko besonders kritische Strategie zu sein. Dies ist umso bedeutender, als bisherige Untersuchungen dieses Verhalten häufig in restriktive Strategien integriert betrachteten. Die separate Analyse wies jedoch darauf hin, dass vor allem die belohnenden Verhaltensanteile relevant sind. Dies zeigt, dass es für die Entwicklung einer gesunden kindlichen Ernährung tatsächlich veränderbare Verhaltensweisen gibt, die Eltern in Präventionsprogrammen oder anderen mit Kursen zum kindlichen Wohl assoziierten Einrichtungen vermittelt werden können. / The establishment of healthy eating for our children is an important precondition for their physical, cognitive, and emotional development. Besides genetic and cultural effects that influence children’s food preferences and eating behavior, parents play a pivotal role. Both direct (e.g., demands and restrictions) and indirect strategies (e.g., modeling and monitoring) are used to influence the child’s eating. Previous research about maternal feeding strategies has concentrated mostly on either direct feeding strategies or age-homogenous samples with high social status. To avoid bias by ignoring interdependencies I have explored the association of maternal feeding strategies and the child’s food intake in a complex model, which includes socio-demographic and weight aspects. I undertook three investigations with a total of over 900 mothers of 1- to 10-year-old children. I achieved to develop a German instrument for measuring the parental feeding strategies (ISS). Further analyses showed that rarely examined strategies, such as an explicit modeling or allowing the child to control his food, were often used. We examined a multi-factorial model of the relationship between maternal feeding practices and child’s food intake, taking into account the influences of age, socioeconomic and weight factors. This underlines the relevance of some feeding strategies (namely rewarding and modeling) besides the influence of the child’s age and the mother’s social status. The described results demonstrate the need for considering a model including healthy and unhealthy foods as well as demographic, age and weight variables, to detect relevant strategies in the complex association between parental feeding and child’s food intake. Rewarding turned out to be a critical feeding strategy for the child’s unhealthy food intake and obesity risk, whereas modeling seems to have a protective effect. This is important given that previous research mostly considers this behavior as part of restrictive strategies. The separate analysis shows that the rewarding behavior is especially relevant for the child’s eating. In summary, the results point out the existence of modifiable behavior for the development of healthy eating in a child, which could be conveyed to parents during prevention programs and other facilities.

The members of the mammalian neuropeptide Y family, i.e. the peptides neuropeptide Y (NPY), peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP), are all involved in regulation of food intake. In human and most other mammals they act via receptors Y1, Y2, Y4 and Y5. NPY is released in the hypothalamus and is one of the strongest appetite-stimulating neurotransmitters whereas PP and PYY are secreted from gut endocrine cells after meals and function as appetite-reducing hormones. This thesis describes studies of the NPY system at both the molecular and the physiological level. The first part describes two investigations of receptor-ligand interactions with the human Y1 and Y2 receptors. The results clarify the importance of several amino-acid residues of the human Y1 receptor. Three amino acids previously suggested by others to form a binding pocket for the carboxy-terminus of the peptide were confirmed to be crucial for interaction with peptide ligands. However, they were found to be too distantly located from each other to be able to form a binding pocket. Further investigation of the three corresponding positions in the human Y2 receptor showed that only one of the positions was important for interaction with full-length peptides. The results indicate overlapping but, surprisingly, non-identical binding of the different peptides to human Y1 and Y2 receptors, despite the fact that the two receptors share a common ancestor. The second part of the thesis describes an investigation of the effect of PP on food intake in six beagle dogs and a test for personality characteristics in dogs (TFPC). Treatment with physiological doses of PP decreased both the appetitive and the consummatory drive but had no effect on the amount food consumed. The TFPC protocol was used to map individual behavioral differences in a population of sixteen beagle dogs. The test, which included several situations that may appear in an experimental study, revealed considerable inter-individual differences in behavioral responses despite the fact that the dogs were born and housed in the same animal facility in constant controlled conditions. These results demonstrate that PP can influence food intake in distantly related mammals and emphasize the importance of considering differences in personality in experimental animals.

Background Obesity is currently one of the major causes of ill health and it is clear that overeatingis the cause of obesity. However, the actions of many endogenous factors that contribute to overeating are still not well understood. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic transmission has been shown to be of great importance for food intake regulation. The progesterone metabolite allopregnanolone is a potent positive GABAA receptor modulating steroid (GAMS) and in humans, elevated allopregnanolone levels have been suggested to be involved in increased food intake, and also with overweight and obesity. GABAA receptors that express the α2 and α3 subunits are proposed to be the main subtypes involved in food intake regulation. Therefore, the aims of the work in this thesis were to further investigate the effect of allopregnanolone on food intake, feeding behaviour, possible effects on weight gain and also to characterize a possible antagonist at α2β3γ2and α3β3γ2 GABAA receptors. Methods Allopregnanolone effects on food intake of different food items were recorded in male Wistar rats. Feeding patterns were analyzed. Food preference tests were also conducted and rats were repeatedly exposed to allopregnanolone under different feeding conditions to elucidate possible effects on body weight gain. To deeper investigate GABAA receptor subtypes suggested to be involved in food intake regulation, electrophysiological whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were performed to identify the specificity of the GAMS antagonist UC1020, at human α2β3γ2 and α3β3γ2 GABAA receptors expressed in HEK293-cells. Results Allopregnanolone increased the intake of standard chow, cookies and a high fat diet in male Wistar rats. Preferentially, allopregnanolone increased the rats´intake of the more calorie dense food type. Allopregnanolone reduced feeding latency and prolonged feeding duration. The increased chow intake induced by allopregnanolone was more pronounced at the beginning of the rats´ active period compared to the inactive. Repeated allopregnanolone administration during 5 consecutive days led to an increased body weight gain, more evident in schedule fed rats on a high fat diet. Both obesity prone and obesity resistant rats gained significantly more weight with repeated allopregnanolone exposure and the increased body weight gain correlated with increased food intake. The compound UC1020 was a potent antagonist of GAMS-enhanced GABA evoked currents at human α3β3γ2 GABAA receptors, whereas it had no effect at α2β3γ2 GABAA receptors. Conclusions Our findings indicate that allopregnanolone induced hyperphagia may be one of the endogenous factors involved in weight gain, especially when the diet is energy-rich. The compound UC1020 may prove useful for investigating the involvement of the α2 and α3 GABAA receptor subtypes in GAMS-induced hyperphagia.

Background: Phytoestrogens are diphenolic compounds found in plants with a structure and molecular weight similar to oestradiol which enables them to bind to the oestrogen receptor. Isoflavonoids occur mainly within the legume family with highest concentration in soybeans. Lignans are found in a range of plant foods and the richest known source is linseed. Few studies have been published on intake of isoflavonoids and none were located on intake of lignans in Australian women. The validity of methods designed to estimate intake can be assessed using urinary excretion of isoflavonoids and lignans as studies have found an association between intake and excretion of isoflavonoids and lignans. It has been proposed that, through their ability to act like oestrogen, phytoestrogens could decrease bone turnover and attenuate the loss of bone mineral density (BMD) at menopause. The aims of this research were to determine the pattern of intake of isoflavonoids and lignans in 500 women from food and supplements and to assess a questionnaire used to estimate intake using excretion in a sub-sample of 141 women. Associations between usual intake or excretion of isoflavonoids and lignans and biomarkers of bone health were also examined. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 500 women aged 40-80 years participating in the Longitudinal Assessment of Ageing in Women (LAW), a 5 year study being conducted in the Betty Byrne Henderson Centre at the Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital. Subjects were randomly selected from the electoral role and stratified into ten year age groups. Intake of isoflavonoids and lignans from food and supplements was assessed using a specially designed questionnaire containing 110 items. Values for individual items were obtained from published literature and summed to provide average daily intakes of isoflavonoids and lignans (mg/d). A sub-sample of 141 women was recruited to take part in the assessment of the association between phytoestrogen intake and excretion. Participants collected three 24-h urine samples spaced over one week. Samples were analysed using high performance liquid chromatography MS/MS for seven isoflavonoids and four lignans. Bone mineral densities (BMD) of the femur neck, total hip and lumbar spine were measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Bone formation was assessed using serum bone alkaline phosphatase (bone ALP) and osteocalcin (OC) and bone resorption was assessed using deoxypyridinoline (DPD) and urinary excretion of N-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type-I collagen (NTX). Potential confounding factors were also evaluated. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS for windows (version 10). Participants were defined as consumers if they reported intake of one or more serves of soy or linseed in the prior month. Differences in socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics between groups were assessed using ANOVA and Chi Square tests. Associations between intake and excretion of phytoestrogens were assessed using Spearman's rank-order correlations () for non-normal data. Phytoestrogen intake was categorised into four groups for the assessment of the association with markers of bone health. Associations between phytoestrogen excretion and markers of bone health were assessed using Pearson's product moment correlations for normal data (r) and Spearman's rank-order correlations for non-normal data. A value of P < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Consumption of soy food was reported by 40% and consumption of linseed by 34% of women. Median (range) intakes among soy/linseed consumers for isoflavonoids, 3.87 (0-173) mg/d, and lignans, 2.40 (0.1-33) mg/d, were significantly higher than corresponding intakes among non consumers of 0.005 (0-2.6) and 1.57 (0.4-4.7) mg/d, respectively (P < 0.001). Soy/linseed consumers reported higher intakes of energy (P=0.043), dietary fibre (P=0.003) and polyunsaturated fat (P=0.004); and a higher level of physical activity (P=0.006), SEP (P < 0.001), education (P < 0.001) and supplement use (P < 0.001). Use of non-prescription supplements for menopause in the previous month was reported by 13% of women. A review of supplements available for treatment of menopause indicated that use of soy, red clover, black cohosh and sage could have a role in treatment of menopause symptoms. Evidence supporting the presence of oestrogenic components was available for soy and red clover isoflavonoids only. There was a significant association between intake and excretion of isoflavonoids within the total group (r=0.207, P < 0.05), with a stronger association in soy consumers (r=0.364, P < 0.01). Excretion of isoflavonoids was detected in women who did not report known intake of soy foods, suggesting isoflavonoids could be derived in small amounts from other plant foods or use of soy as an ingredient in processed foods. There was no significant association between intake and excretion of lignans, however both intake and excretion were associated with dietary fibre (r=0.303 and r=0.230, respectively, P < 0.01 for both). Bone ALP was higher among the very low isoflavonoid intake group (P=0.005) for the total sample (P=0.005) and women with BMI≤25 kg/m2 (P=0.002). Data also demonstrated an inverse association between excretion of isoflavonoids and NTX within women with BMI≤25 kg/m2 (r=-0.33, P < 0.05). There was a positive association between lignan excretion and bone ALP in the total sample (r=0.21, P < 0.05) which was strengthened in women with osteoporosis/osteopenia (r=0.41, P < 0.05) and a positive association between lignan excretion and DPD among women with BMI≤25 kg/m2 (ρ=0.28, P < 0.05) All associations remained significant after adjustment for confounding. Conclusions: Few women who chose phytoestrogen-rich foods consumed amounts similar to women with traditional soy-based diets although some achieved high intakes with supplements. Women who consumed soy or linseed foods differed in lifestyle and sociodemographic characteristics that could influence the association with disease in epidemiological studies. Results indicated that the phytoestrogen questionnaire was useful for assessment of isoflavonoids but was not acceptably precise for measurement of lignans. Findings suggest that there is an inverse association between isoflavonoid status and bone ALP and NTX although the precise mechanism of action has not been clarified. The association between lignan intake and bone is less well understood; however findings of a positive association with bone ALP indicate that further research on the lignan content of foods and the inclusion of lignans in studies is warranted.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-10-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:50:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 spexoto_mcb_me_arafcf.pdf: 1475153 bytes, checksum: f4a5ecc68fc309d1272c1983a4065ae5 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / A elevada prevalência de fatores de risco para a Síndrome Metabólica (SM) entre pacientes submetidos ao Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas (TCTH) já foi comprovada, mas pouco se sabe a respeito das alterações ocorridas na composição corporal e sobre a interferência do consumo de alimentos na manifestação desses fatores. Pouco se sabe também sobre o quão precoce é o surgimento dessas alterações. Frente a isso, foi proposto com este estudo avaliar o consumo de alimentos, o estado nutricional e a incidência de alteração precoce de fatores determinantes da síndrome metabólica em pacientes submetidos ao TCTH. Tratou-se de um estudo longitudinal, com dados obtidos no Departamento de Hematologia e Transplante de Medula Óssea (TMO) do Hospital de Câncer de Barretos. Participaram 27 indivíduos que realizaram TCTH no período de junho de 2009 a março de 2010, com idade média de 44±14, entre 20 e 60 anos, 13 mulheres e 14 homens, com maior proporção de TCTH autólogo (n=20) sobre o alogênico (n=7), sendo o Mieloma Múltiplo (60%) prevalente entre os autólogos e a Leucemia Mielóide Aguda (43%) entre os alogênicos. O Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) médio no Pré-TMO dos casos estudados foi de 27±5 Kg/m2. Nos momentos Pós-TMO, D+30, D+60 e D+100 (D+n = dias decorridos do TMO) foram monitorados indicadores antropométricos do estado nutricional, indicadores bioquímicos do metabolismo lipídico e da glicose e o consumo de alimentos a partir de um recordatório do consumo de 24 horas. A SM foi avaliada conforme os critérios diagnósticos da IV Diretriz Brasileira sobre Dislipidemias e Prevenção de Aterosclerose (2007). Os resultados apontaram na direção de confirmação da hipótese do trabalho, uma vez que após 100 dias do transplante foi constatado que os 27 indivíduos analisados mantiveram estáveis o consumo alimentar e o estado nutricional avaliado... / The high prevalence of risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MS) among patients undergoing transplantation Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCT) has been proven, but very few is known about the changes in body composition and on the interference of consumption foods in the manifestation of these factors. Very few is known about how early is the emergence of such changes. Because of that, it was proposed in this study to assess food intake, nutritional status and incidence of early alteration of factors of metabolic syndrome in patients with HSCT. This was a longitudinal study with data obtained from the Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) of Barretos Cancer Hospital. The sample included 27 subjects who underwent HSCT between June 2009 and March 2010, mean age 44 ± 14, between 20 and 60 years, 13 women and 14 men, with large numbers of autologous HSCT (n = 20) on the allogeneic (n = 7) and the Multiple Myeloma (60%) prevalent among the autologous and acute myeloid leukemia (43%) among allogeneic. The average Body Mass Index (BMI) in the Pre-BMT cases studied was 27 ± 5 kg/m2. In times post- BMT, D +30, D +60 and D +100 (D + n = days after BMT) were monitored anthropometric indicators of nutritional status, biochemical indicators of lipid metabolism and glucose and food consumption from a recall of consumption of 24 hours. MS was evaluated according to the diagnostic criteria of the IV Brazilian Guidelines on Dyslipidemia and Atherosclerosis Prevention (2007). The results pointed toward confirming the hypothesis of the work, because after 100 days of transplantation was found that the 27 subjects studied were stable food consumption and nutritional status assessed from anthropometric indicators. There was no difference in the incidence of risk factors for the diagnosis of MS in all comparisons. There was no difference in blood glucose and fasting insulin. However, the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

The aim of this work was to realize the first intensive rearing of juvenile fish of burbot in the Czech Republic (TL = 165.79 +- 18.87, W = 32.91 +- 10.27 g) in recirculation aquaculture system (RAS) at different water temperatures. A total of 9 tanks were used in the three separate RAS systems. For a period of 12 weeks survival (S), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and the condition of the fish (FC) was observed at 3 week intervals. The best values of survival (98 +- 0.4%) were achieved in burbots kept at a water temperature of 15 ° C. Survival in the group of fish kept at a water temperature of 18 °C did not statistically differ from the group of fish reared at 15 °C and 21 °C. The SGR value for the fish at a water temperature of 15 °C was (0.7 +- 0.09%.d-1) at 18 °C the SGR value was (0.45 +- 0.1%.d-1) and fish kept at a water temperature of 21 °C reached SGR values of 0.33 +- 0.04%.d-1. The best FCR values (1.27 +- 0.35) were reached also in the group of fish kept at 15 °C. For burbot kept at a water temperature of 21 °C, the FCR value was 2.78 +- 1.17. Based on our results we can conclude that the most appropriate water temperature for rearing juvenile burbot was 15 °C.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:49:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-09-29 / Objetivo: avaliar a ingestão alimentar, o estado nutricional e a prevalência de anemia por deficiência de ferro e de distúrbios digestivos em crianças com paralisia cerebral. Métodos: estudo realizado com 40 crianças até 10 anos de idade com paralisia cerebral. Realizou-se registro do consumo alimentar habitual de 24 horas, coleta de dados antropométricos, coleta de sangue por punção de veia periférica e registro de dados clínicos específicos para o diagnóstico dos distúrbios digestivos. Resultados: Os resultados encontrados garantem a necessidade de se realizar avaliação dietética personalizada. Em apenas 3 (7,5%) crianças foi diagnosticado anemia leve. Com relação ao estado nutricional, observou-se déficit mais acentuado no sexo masculino para estatura-idade. Dos 40 pacientes, 45% (n=18) e 40% (n=16) da amostra verificouse desnutrição aguda. Evidências de disfagia foram encontradas em 82,5% da amostra, sinais sugestivos de refluxo gastro-esofágico em 40,0% e constipação intestinal em 60,0% dos pacientes estudados. A ingestão hídrica das crianças com manifestações compatíveis com disfagia foi menor. Pacientes com evidência de disfagia apresentavam menor ingestão de líquidos (483,1±294,9 versus 992,9±292,2; p=0.001). As crianças com constipação, em relação às sem constipação apresentaram menor ingestão de fibras (9,2 ± 4,3 versus 12,3 ± 4,3; p=0,031) e líquidos (456,5 ± 283,1versus 741,1 ± 379,2; p=0,013). Conclusões: crianças com paralisia cerebral podem apresentar elevada prevalência de déficits antropométricos e distúrbios digestivos. Déficits de nutrientes na alimentação podem constituir risco para o desenvolvimento de distúrbios nutricionais exigindo uma avaliação dietética personalizada. / Objective: To evaluate food ingestion, the nutritional state and the prevalence of anemia by iron deficiency and the digestive disturbs in children with cerebral palsy. Methods: A study realized with 40 children with a maximum age of 10 years who suffer from cerebral palsy. A 24-hour food intake register and anthropometric evaluation were realized, the blood sample was collected by punction of a peripherical vein and the register of specific clinical data for the diagnostic of the digestive disturbs. Results: The results found guarantee the necessity to make a personal dietetic evaluation. In only 3 (7,5%) children the diagnostics revealed a mild anemia. Regarding the nutritional state, it was observed a more accentuated deficit in males by height-age. From 40 patients 45% (n=18) and 40% (n=16) of the sample it was observed a more acute malnutrition. Dysphagia evidences were found in 82,5% of the sample, suggestive signals of gastroesophageal reflow in 40,0% and intestinal constipation in 60,0% of the studied patients. Patients with a dysphagia evidence presented a smaller liquid intake (483,1±294,9 versus 992,9±292,2; p=0.001). The children with constipation, in relation to the ones without constipation presented less fiber intake (9,2 ± 4,3 versus 12,3 ± 4,3; p=0,031) and less liquid intake (456,5 ± 283,1versus 741,1 ± 379,2; p=0,013). Conclusions: Children with cerebral palsy can present an elevated prevalence of anthropometric deficits and digestive disturbs. Nutrient deficits in food intake can be a risk to start developing nutritional disturbs demanding a personal dietetic evaluation. / TEDE