CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Traditional soil based strawberry production currently faces some obstacles, both by excessive use of pesticides, as the diseases caused by fungi and other pathogens and ergonomic difficulties of cultivating the soil. Strawberry soilless cultivation combined with greenhouse and the use of substrate promotes some advantages such as: eliminating the use of products for soil disinfection, precocity, increased yields, better crop management conditions and crop protection against adverse weather conditions, pest attacks and diseases.. The objective of the study was to evaluate yield and nutrition of four strawberry cultivars in three cropping systems in Serra da Ibiapaba â CearÃ. The experiment was conducted in 3 x 4 factorial design, randomized blocks, with three cultivation systems arranged in strips (soil, hydroponic in gutters and bags), with four strawberry cultivars (Oso Grande, Albion, and Camarosa and Festival) and five replications. Coconut fiber was used as substrate in the hydroponic systems. In the period between the sixth and thirty-eighth week after transplanting, the number and average fruit weight, yield per plant and yield were determined. From the beginning of flowering, leaves were collected every two months to determine the levels of macro and micronutrients. Hydroponic gutter and bag systems increased the number of fruits per plant, but did not increase average fruit weight. The strawberry yield in hydroponic cultivation system was superior to soil cultivation. Cultivar Festival presented more fruits than the other cultivars in hydroponic systems. The Oso Grande and Festival cultivars stood out as the average fruit weight and yield, respectively, and may be recommended for hydroponic cultivation for the region of Serra da Ibiapaba. Based on the leaf nutrient contents, it is suggested adjustments in concentrations of phosphorus and magnesium in the nutrient solution used in hydroponic strawberry crop. Keywords: Fragaria x ananassa, cultivar, nutrients, crop system, / O cultivo do morangueiro no solo enfrenta atualmente alguns entraves, tanto pelo uso excessivo de defensivos, como pelas doenÃas causadas por fungos e outros patÃgenos e as dificuldades ergonÃmicas do cultivo no solo. O cultivo em sistemas sem solo combinado com ambiente protegido e o uso de substrato proporciona algumas vantagens como: eliminaÃÃo do uso de produtos destinados à desinfecÃÃo do solo, antecipaÃÃo do inÃcio das colheitas, aumento da produÃÃo, proteÃÃo da cultura Ãs condiÃÃes meteorolÃgicas adversas, ataque de pragas e doenÃas e melhores condiÃÃes de manejo da cultura. O experimento teve como objetivo avaliar a produÃÃo e nutriÃÃo de quatro cultivares de morango em trÃs sistemas de cultivo na Serra da Ibiapaba â CearÃ. O experimento foi conduzido em esquema fatorial 3 x 4, em blocos casualizados, sendo trÃs sistemas de cultivo dispostos em faixa (solo, hidropÃnico em calhas e em s a c o l a s ), com quatro cultivares de morangueiro (Oso Grande, Albion, Camarosa e Festival), com cinco repetiÃÃes. No sistema hidropÃnico foi utilizado como substrato fibra de coco. No perÃodo entre a sexta e trigÃsima oitava semana apÃs o transplantio, foi determinado o nÃmero e peso mÃdio de frutos, produÃÃo por planta e produtividade. A partir do inÃcio do florescimento, foram coletadas a cada dois meses folhas para determinaÃÃo dos teores de macro e micronutrientes. Os sistemas hidropÃnicos em calha e em sacolas aumentaram o nÃmero de frutos por planta, porÃm nÃo aumentaram o peso mÃdio de frutos. A produtividade do morangueiro cultivado no sistema hidropÃnico foi superior ao cultivo no solo. A cultivar Festival apresentou maior nÃmero de frutos em relaÃÃo as demais cultivares nos sistemas hidropÃnicos. As cultivares Oso Grande e Festival destacaram-se quanto a peso mÃdio de frutos e produtividade, respectivamente, sendo recomendadas para cultivo hidropÃnico para regiÃo da Serra da Ibiapaba. Com base nos teores de nutirentes na folha sugere-se ajustes nas concentraÃÃes de fÃsforo e magnÃsio na soluÃÃo nutritiva utilizada no cultivo hidropÃnico do morangueiro. Palavras-chaves: Fragaria x ananassa, cultivar, sistema de cultivo, nutrientes.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:33:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Denise_de_Souza_Martins.pdf: 1136190 bytes, checksum: a7725ec75727ad7c81299a532ef9ad80 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-05 / The strawberry is produced and appreciated in various regions of the world, being the kind of small fruits of greatest economic expression. The farms involved in strawberries production are for the most part, family. Much of this strawberry production is still performed in a conventional manner causing the fruit to receive heavy loads of pesticides, resulting in fruit with high levels of residues, as shown by the reports of the National Residue Analysis of Pesticides in Food ANVISA each year. In this context, the production of strawberry in ecological production system is an alternative to reduce the use of pesticides in the crop, producing healthier food for consumers and less aggressive to the farmer and nature, ensuring their income and enhancing agricultural crops that is based on the labor of family farming. Thus, the study aimed to evaluate the performance of cultivars of strawberry in ecological production system analyzing characteristics of fruit yield, quality of fruit and disease incidence. The experiments were conducted in 2008 in the Estação Experimental Cascata - Embrapa Clima Temperado (Pelotas/RS), one studying seven strawberry cultivars in this management, and other studying the disease incidence in two strawberry cultivars. Were analyzed the distribution of production during the production cycle, number of fruits per plant, average weight of fruits, total yield of fruits per plant and per area and percentage non-marketable production, and evaluation of post-harvest soluble solids (SS), acidity (AT), pH, ascorbic acid, coloring of the skin and firmness fruit cultivars Camarosa, Aromas, Camino Real, Ventana, Albion, Diamante and Festival in the ecological system production. The distribution of fruit production was similar for all cultivars tested, while maintaining the highest yields in the months of October and December, with 'Aromas' and 'Albion' keeps the fruit production in January and February. Weekly sprays of grout alternatives plants are unnecessary, because the incidence of disease in plants is low, since it adopts a set of management practices during the production cycle, as the tunnel opens in the morning, closing the tunnel at the end of afternoon, biweekly cleaning plants to decrease the inoculum of diseases and applications of grout alternatives for management of insects and diseases, according to the monitoring of these agents in the field. From the results of the experiments we can say that all cultivars were suitable for cultivation in ecological production systems in the microregion of Pelotas, Brazil, because they show results in productivity above the average of the RS and fruit quality satisfactory. Nevertheless, it is recommended that the cultivar 'Festival', 'Camino Real' and 'Diamante', are more studied in this system to check what the requirements of management that their yields are higher. / O morangueiro é produzido e apreciado nas mais variadas regiões do mundo, sendo a espécie das pequenas frutas de maior expressão econômica. As propriedades que se dedicam ao cultivo do morangueiro são, em sua grande maioria, familiares. Grande parte desta produção de morango ainda é realizada de forma convencional, fazendo com que as frutas recebam grandes cargas de agrotóxicos, resultando em níveis elevados de resíduos, como mostram os relatórios do Programa Nacional de Análise de Resíduos de Agrotóxicos em Alimentos, da ANVISA a cada ano. Neste contexto, a produção de morango em sistema de base ecológica é uma alternativa para diminuir o uso de agrotóxicos na cultura, produzindo um alimento mais saudável para o consumidor e menos agressivo ao ambiente, garantindo sua renda e fortalecendo culturas agrícolas que tem como base a mão de obra da agricultura familiar. Assim, o estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o comportamento de cultivares de morangueiro, quanto a características de produtividade, qualidade das frutas e incidência de doenças em sistema de produção de base ecológica. Para isso foram realizados dois experimento no ano de 2008, na Estação Experimental Cascata - Embrapa Clima Temperado (Pelotas/RS), um avaliando o comportamento de sete cultivares de morangueiro neste sistema e outro avaliando o comportamento de duas cultivares sob manejo ecológico quanto a incidência de doenças. Foram analisados distribuição da produção durante o ciclo produtivo, número de frutas por planta, massa média de frutas, produção total de frutas por planta e por área e porcentagem da produção não comerciável, incidência de doenças, além de avaliação de póscolheita como Sólidos solúveis (SS), Acidez total (AT), pH, Ácido Ascórbico, Coloração da epiderme e firmeza da polpa das frutas das cultivares Camarosa, Aromas, Camino Real, Ventana, Albion, Diamante e Festival. A distribuição da produção das frutas foi semelhante para todas as cultivares analisadas, mantendose as maiores produções entre os meses de outubro e dezembro, sendo que Aromas e Albion mantém a produção de frutas em janeiro e fevereiro. Pulverizações semanais de caldas fitoprotetoras nas plantas são desnecessárias, pois a incidência de doenças nas plantas é baixa, desde que se adote um conjunto de práticas de manejo durante o ciclo produtivo, como a abertura dos túneis logo pela manhã, fechamento dos túneis no final da tarde, limpeza quinzenal das plantas para diminuição do inóculo de doenças e aplicações de caldas alternativas para manejo de insetos e doenças, de acordo com monitoramento destes agentes na lavoura. A partir dos resultados dos experimentos é possível afirmar que todas as cultivares avaliadas se apresentam adequadas para cultivo em sistemas de produção de base ecológica na microrregião de Pelotas, RS, pois mostram resultados de produtividade acima da média do estado do RS e qualidade de fruta satisfatórios. Apesar disto, aconselha-se que as cultivares Festival , Camino Real e Diamante , sejam mais estudadas neste sistema para verificar quais as exigências de manejo para que as suas produtividades sejam mais elevadas.

Le fraisier diploïde (Fragaria vesca, 2x=14) comporte deux modes de reproduction : la reproduction sexuée via la floraison, et la multiplication végétative via la production de stolons. Cette espèce présente également deux types de floraison, non-remontants ou remontants, selon la période d’initiation florale du génotype. Chez le fraisier diploïde, le gène responsable de la remontée florale a été identifié comme étant l’homologue du répresseur floral TFL1 et celui du stolonnage reste inconnu. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’identifier le gène responsable du stolonnage et de mieux comprendre la balance entre les deux modes de reproduction, sexuée et asexuée, chez le fraisier diploïde. Une approche de cartographie fine associée à du NGS a permis d’identifier le gène responsable du stolonnage, FvGA20ox4. Ce gène intervient dans la voie de biosynthèse des gibbérellines. Les génotypes non-stolonnants présentent une délétion de neuf bases qui ne modifie pas le cadre de lecture du gène. L’observation cytologique des méristèmes axillaires montre que les génotypes mutés présentent un allongement des axillaires comme les génotypes sauvages mais que ces bourgeons nécrosent par la suite. Une étude de l’activité enzymatique de la protéine délétée de trois acides aminés a montré qu’elle était inactive et ne permettrait pas de transformer les précurseurs de GA (GA12) en GA intermédiaires, qui seront convertis en GA actives via d’autres enzymes. Chez les génotypes mutés, un apport de GA3 permet de restaurer l’émergence de stolons. L’étude de la balance entre les deux modes de reproduction a été étudiée au sein d’une population en ségrégation pour le stolonnage et la remontée florale. Une approche QTL a permis de confirmer le rôle des gènes TFL1 et GA20ox4 dans le devenir des méristèmes en floral ou stolon respectivement et d’identifier deux loci présents sur le LG3 et LG4 impliqués dans la variation quantitative de la floraison ou du stolonnage respectivement. Pour le stolonnage, une interaction forte entre TFL1 et GA20ox4 a été mise en évidence par ANOVA. De plus, le suivi hebdomadaire de cette population pendant deux ans a montré que le processus de remontée florale prédominait celui de stolonnage. En conclusion, les données obtenues permettent une meilleure compréhension du stolonnage et de la balance entre les deux modes de reproduction chez le fraisier diploïde. / The diploid woodland strawberry (2n=2x=14) is a good model for genetic and genomic studies since it presents a small genome completely sequenced and its generation period is short. This species displays two modes of reproduction, sexual with flowering and vegetative through runnering, which is the capacity to form stolon. In addition, this species displays contrasted genotypes for their variation of flowering length because of difference in the period of floral initiation. This trait is under the control of TFL1. However, the genetic and molecular control of vegetative reproduction is poorly understood as the one of the balance between the two modes of reproduction. The objective of this work was to characterize the gene responsible of runnering and to decipher genetically and physiologically the balance between the two modes of reproduction. By developing a strategy combining linkage map, bulks and NGS, we found that runnering is controlled by the gibberellin (GA) oxidase, FvGA20ox4. The loss of runnering function is caused by a deletion of nine nucleotides, which does not change the open reading frame of the RNA and leads to a protein shortened by three amino acids. The GA oxidase activity was confirmed in enzymatic activity assays with recombinant protein. In addition, the loss-of-function can be restored by exogenous GA3 application. The genetic architecture of the balance between two reproductive modes, sexual and vegetative, was deciphered based on QTL approach. Results showed that, beside the known roles of TFL1 and GA20ox4 genes in promoting perpetual flowering and runnering processes respectively, two loci localized on LG4 and LG3 were linked to the quantitative responses of these processes. In addition, TFL1 and GA20ox4 genes showed epistatic interaction, and the process of flowering was maintained as priority over runnering, which decreased. These results provided new insight in the genetic control of the relationship between sexual and vegetative reproduction.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen concentration on the production and quality of strawberry bare root transplants and runner tips in a soilless growing system using sand as substrate. Stock plants were planted on September 13th, 2007. Transplants were harvested on February 18th, 2008. Treatments were nitrogen concentrations in the nutrient solution of 8, 11, 14 and 17 mmol L-1. The experiment was a completely randomized design with three replications of 3.6m2 plots. Number and crown diameter of bare root transplants and number of runner tips were evaluated at harvesting. Number of bare root transplants and runner tips was not affected by N concentration in the nutrient solution. An average of 339 bare root transplants and 836 runner tips were harvest per stock plant. Crown diameter of bare root transplants decreased linearly with the increase in N concentration of the nutrient solution. It was concluded that in this soilless cropping system the increase in N concentration in the nutrient solution does not affect the number of strawberry bare root transplants and runner tips, but the crown diameter of bare root transplants is reduced. The N concentration of 8 mmol L-1 may be used for crop propagation in this growing system. / O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da concentração de nitrogênio na produção e na qualidade de mudas de raízes nuas e pontas de estolões de morangueiro no cultivo sem solo empregando areia como substrato. O plantio das matrizes foi realizado em 13 de setembro de 2007 e a colheita das mudas em 18 de fevereiro de 2008. Os tratamentos foram quatro concentrações de N na solução nutritiva de 8, 11, 14 e 17 mmol L-1. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições de 3,6m2. No momento da colheita foi determinado o número e o diâmetro da coroa das mudas de raízes nuas e o número de pontas de estolões. As concentrações de N não afetaram o número de mudas e de pontas de estolões, cujas médias foram de 339 e 836, respectivamente. O diâmetro da coroa das mudas de raízes nuas diminuiu linearmente com o aumento da concentração de N. Concluiu-se que o aumento da concentração de N na solução nutritiva nesse sistema de cultivo sem solo não afeta o número de mudas de raízes nuas e nem de pontas de estolões, mas reduz o diâmetro da coroa das mudas de raízes nuas de morangueiro. A concentração de 8 mmol.L-1 de N pode ser empregada para fins de produção de mudas nesse sistema.

Strawberries are a rich source of polyphenols which contribute to berry color and plant disease resistance, and have been shown to lower the risk of many chronic when consumed. While a considerable body of work exists on the polyphenolic composition of commercial strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.), less information is available concerning polyphenols in Fragaria vesca, or Alpine strawberry, considered a model system for the Rosaceae family of crop species. The study of natural and genetically-engineered F. vesca mutants with white fruit can provide unique insight into regulation of metabolic flux through the complex branched phenylpropanoid/flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. Thus, the identity and quantity of major phenolic-derived anthocyanins, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, hydroxycinnamic acids, and ellagic acid (EA)-derived compounds, of red-fruited versus white-fruited genotypes of F. vesca and F. x ananassa were compared by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Due to the unknown origin of all but one white-fruited mutant of F. vesca, it was assumed that each resulted from independent mutation events and would exhibit different flavonoid profiles. A total of 27 phenolic-derived compounds were identified. The white genotypes of both species had very low anthocyanin levels. Total content of free EA and its conjugated forms were generally higher in white than in red F. vesca, but were the opposite in F. x ananassa, more in red than in white berries. Differences in content of individual flavonoids and in group totals among the white F. vesca genotypes suggested that they may represent different mutations affecting flavonoid production. Polyphenol profiles of a red and a white cultivar of F. vesca during four fruit developmental stages were determined along with transcriptional analyses of key structural and regulatory genes of the phenylpropanoid/ flavonoid biosynthesis. The final concentration of polyphenolic groups in red versus white F. vesca was due to the differential expression patterns of key pathway genes, especially dihydroflavonol-4-reductase, anthocyanidin synthase, and UDP-glucose-flavonoid-3-O-glucosyltransferase. The efficacy of phenolic compounds were evaluated in an in vitro study for inhibiting growth of Colletotrichum spp. associated with anthracnose fruit rot of strawberry. Only trans-cinnamic, p-coumaric, and ferulic acid inhibited isolates of the pathogen.

Submitted by FERNANDA DA SILVA VON PORSTER (fdsvporster@univates.br) on 2017-07-06T19:01:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) 2016CristianeInesMusa.pdf: 1838952 bytes, checksum: e09d2785582183a924690b5b7f9d8f05 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Lisboa Monteiro (monteiro@univates.br) on 2017-07-13T14:54:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) 2016CristianeInesMusa.pdf: 1838952 bytes, checksum: e09d2785582183a924690b5b7f9d8f05 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-13T14:54:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) 2016CristianeInesMusa.pdf: 1838952 bytes, checksum: e09d2785582183a924690b5b7f9d8f05 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07 / CAPES / O morango é um pseudofruto muito apreciado pelo seu sabor, aroma e propriedades nutricionais. É uma fonte potencial de compostos bioativos, com ênfase para os compostos fenólicos e Vitamina C. Tais compostos apresentam diversas funções biológicas, dentre elas, atividade antioxidante, trazendo benefícios para a saúde. A cultura deste pseudofruto é a base da economia de muitos municípios, especialmente, nas regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil, representando 90% da superfície cultivada no País. O morango possui um importante papel econômico e social na região do Vale do Caí, no Rio Grande do Sul, apresentando uma expressiva produção, fazendo com que este pseudofruto seja destaque, principalmente, no município de Bom Princípio. Assim sendo, o objetivo da presente tese foi avaliar os parâmetros físico-químicos, as substâncias bioativas e a atividade antioxidante em morangos cultivados no município de Bom Princípio, analisando a influência de diferentes cultivares em sistemas de cultivo distintos. A pesquisa foi realizada em duas etapas, sendo que os morangos foram coletados a partir de um plano de amostragem. Na primeira etapa, analisou-se os cultivares Camarosa, Camino Real e San Andreas produzidos no sistema de cultivo convencional em solo. Na segunda, os cultivares Festival e San Andreas produzidos nos sistemas de cultivo orgânico e convencional, em substrato, foram analisados. Determinou-se os parâmetros pH, sólidos solúveis totais (SST), acidez total titulável (ATT), relação SST/ATT, antocianinas, compostos fenólicos totais, atividade antioxidante, vitamina C, cálcio, sódio, potássio e cor. Quanto aos resultados da primeira etapa, todos os cultivares produzidos em solo convencional, Camino Real, San Andreas e Camarosa apresentaram teor de SST acima do mínimo recomendado pela legislação brasileira (7,5° Brix) e de ATT até 0,8%, o que corresponde a um sabor agradável. Camarosa apresentou os maiores teores da razão SST/ATT e, de todos os cultivares, observou-se que o pH deste cultivar estava de acordo com a faixa de pH estabelecida pela Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 3 a 3,9, apresentando teores médios superiores tanto de antocianinas quanto de compostos fenólicos totais. O cultivar San Andreas apresentou o maior teor de cálcio e os maiores teores de sódio e potássio foram obtidos pelo cultivar Camarosa. Na segunda etapa, todos os cultivares pesquisados, Festival e San Andreas, orgânico e convencional, em substrato, apresentaram um teor de SST abaixo do mínimo recomendado. Os cultivares Festival orgânico, Festival convencional e San Andreas orgânico apresentaram valores de ATT conforme o máximo aceitável e o cultivar Festival, orgânico e convencional, apresentou os maiores valores em relação a relação SST/ATT. O pH de todos os cultivares pesquisados estavam de acordo com a faixa definida pela FDA. Em relação à quantidade de antocianinas, o cultivar Festival orgânico apresentou a maior concentração, sendo que o maior teor de compostos fenólicos totais foi obtido pelo cultivar San Andreas convencional. O cultivar Festival orgânico apresentou o maior teor de cálcio e Festival convencional obteve o maior valor de sódio, no qual o maior teor de potássio foi obtido pelo San Andreas convencional. Os cultivares Festival e San Andreas, produzidos no sistema convencional, em substrato, apresentaram teor de vitamina C superior se comparados com os mesmos cultivares produzidos no sistema orgânico. Já, em relação à atividade antioxidante, as maiores concentrações foram obtidas no sistema de cultivo orgânico, para os cultivares Festival e San Andreas. No que se refere à cor, o cultivar Festival orgânico indicou uma coloração vermelha mais intensa. Constatou-se que diversos aspectos influenciaram as propriedades físicas e químicas e dos teores dos compostos bioativos nos morangos pesquisados, a saber: fatores genéticos, nutrição utilizada nos cultivos, características dos solos e dos substratos, condutividade elétrica dos substratos e das soluções nutritivas, condições climáticas (sol, temperatura, umidade) do ambiente de cultivo dos morangos. Por fim, tal pesquisa traz embasamento para que os produtores rurais junto aos técnicos da Empresa de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (EMATER) possam dar continuidade ao trabalho que vem sendo desenvolvido, de maneira a observar o que pode ser melhorado no que diz respeito às práticas de cultivo, incluindo nutrição e uso de substratos, buscando cultivar morangos cada vez mais saborosos e nutritivos. / The strawberry is a pseudo fruit, much appreciated for its taste, aroma and nutritional properties. It is a potential source of bioactive compounds, with an emphasis on phenolic compounds and vitamin C, and these compounds present various biological functions, including antioxidant activity, which bring benefits to health. The culture of this pseudofruit is the economical basis of many municipalities, especially in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil, by the fact that these regions represent about 90% of the cultivated area in the country. The strawberry has an important economic and social role in the Vale do Caí region in Rio Grande do Sul, with a significant production, making this pseudofruit highlighted, particularly in the municipality of Bom Princípio. Therefore, the objective of this thesis was to evaluate the physicochemical parameters, bioactive substances and antioxidant activity in strawberries grown in Bom Princípio, analyzing the influence of different cultivars in different farming systems. The research was carried out in two stages, and the strawberries were collected from a sampling plan. In the first stage, the cultivars of Camarosa, Camino Real and San Andreas, produced in conventional soil cultivation system, were analyzed. In the second, the cultivars of Festival and San Andreas produced in organic and conventional cultivation systems, in substrate, were analyzed. The pH parameters, total soluble solids (TSS) and total titratable acidity (TTA), TSS and TTA correlation, anthocyanins, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, vitamin C, calcium, sodium, potassium and color were determined. As for the results of the first stage, all the cultivars produced in conventional soil, Camino Real, San Andreas and Camarosa presented a TSS content above the minimum recommended by the Brazilian legislation (7,5 ° Brix) and TTA up to 0,8%. Which corresponds to a pleasant taste. Camarosa presented the highest levels of the TSS/TTA ratio and, of all the cultivars, it was observed that the pH of this cultivar was in agreement with the pH range established by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 3 to 3,9, presenting Higher average contents of both anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds. The cultivar San Andreas presented the highest calcium content, while the highest levels of sodium and potassium were obtained by the Camarosa cultivar. In the second stage, all the surveyed cultivars, Festival and San Andreas, organic and conventional, in substrate, presented an TSS content below the recommended minimum. The Organic Festival cultivars, Conventional Festival and Organic San Andreas presented TTA values according to the maximum acceptable and the Festival cultivar, both organic and conventional, presented the highest values in relation to the TSS/TTA ratio. The pH of all the cultivars studied was within the range defined by the FDA. In relation to the amount of anthocyanins, the Organic Festival cultivar had the highest concentration, and the highest content of total phenolic compounds was obtained by the conventional San Andreas cultivar. The Organic Festival cultivar presented the highest calcium content and conventional Festival obtained the highest sodium value, while the highest potassium content was obtained by conventional San Andreas. The Festival and San Andreas cultivars, produced in the conventional system, on substrate, showed higher vitamin C content when compared to the same cultivars produced in the organic system. Although, in relation to the antioxidant activity, the highest concentrations were obtained in the organic cultivation system, for the Festival and San Andreas cultivars. Concerning the color, the cultivar Festival organic indicated a more intense red coloration. It was found that several aspects influence the physical and chemical properties and levels of bioactive compounds surveyed in strawberries, namely: genetic factors, nutrition used on cultivars, soil characteristics and substrates, electrical conductivity of the substrates and nutrient solutions and weather conditions (sun, temperature, humidity) of the strawberry cultivation environment. Finally, this research provides basis for farmers among with technical professionals from the Technical Assistance and Rural Extension Company (EMATER), so then the work that has been developed can be continued, in order to observe what can be improved in respect to cultivation practices, including nutrition and substrates usage, seeking to grow increasingly tastier and more nutritious strawberries.

Submitted by Nathália Faria da Silva (nathaliafsilva.ufv@gmail.com) on 2017-06-29T17:47:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 209693 bytes, checksum: edab14d8f190e3df3eab6700f150d0a3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-29T17:47:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 209693 bytes, checksum: edab14d8f190e3df3eab6700f150d0a3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-12-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A acidez potencial é caracterizada pela acidez trocável e, sobretudo, pela acidez não-trocável, que corresponde àquela acidez neutralizada até um determinado valor de pH. O hidrogênio ligado de forma covalente aos colóides do solo é o principal componente desta acidez. A acidez potencial caracteriza o poder-tampão de acidez do solo, e sua estimativa acurada é fundamental para se estimar a capacidade de troca catiônica a pH 7,0 (CTC) e, por conseguinte, a saturação por bases (V). Estimativa confiável, tanto da CTC como de V, cresce de importância à medida que se emprega o critério de elevação da saturação por bases para o cálculo da necessidade de calagem. A acidez potencial pode ser determinada por meio da incubação do solo com CaCO 3 , pela extração com solução de acetato de cálcio 0,5 mol L -1 pH 7,0 e por meio do equilíbrio entre o solo e a solução tamponada SMP. Considerando que nessas determinações, além do H hidrolisável, contribui, ainda, para a acidez a hidrólise do Al 3+ , tais medidas são expressas por H+Al. A determinação por meio do método SMP foi adaptada à rotina de determinação do pH do solo em CaCl 2 . Ele fundamenta-se na correlação linear entre ln (H+Al) extraído pelo acetato de cálcio 0,5 mol L -1 pH 7,0 e o pH da suspensão de equilíbrio solo- solução SMP (pH SMP ). Dessa forma, estabelecem-se equações de regressão de abrangência regional para estimar o H+Al a partir do pH SMP ; atualmente, estão em uso no Brasil 15 equações. Essa diversidade de equações contribui para a incerteza na estimativa do H+Al, visto que os laboratórios estendem seus serviços além dos limites regionais de abrangência das equações. No entanto, há de se considerar que as características dos solos são mais relevantes do que o caráter regional. Além disso, o método em uso foi ajustado para a rotina de determinação do pH em CaCl 2. Assim, para a sua adoção por laboratórios que determinam o pH em H 2 O, há necessidade de inclusão de mais uma rotina. Objetivou-se com este trabalho: a) ajustar o método SMP aos procedimentos dos laboratórios que adotam rotina para determinação do pH em H 2 O e b) identificar um modelo matemático e ajustar uma equação de regressão de aplicação geral para estimar a acidez potencial por meio do método SMP. Na pesquisa foram utilizados 99 solos, de diferentes regiões do Brasil, com ampla variação nos teores de H+Al, matéria orgânica, valores de P remanescente e teor de argila. Em um primeiro ensaio, trabalhando com seis solos, avaliou-se o ajuste do método SMP à rotina de determinação do pH em H 2 O, testando-se alterações na concentração do CaCl 2 na solução SMP. Em outro ensaio, com 13 solos, determinou-se a acidez a partir da incubação do solo com CaCO 3 estabelecendo as curvas de incubação, definidas por equações de regressão linear. A partir destas, estimou-se a acidez potencial para pH 7,0; 6,5; 6,0; 5,9; 5,8; 5,7; e 5,5. Para os 99 solos determinou-se o H+Al em acetato de cálcio 0,5 mol L -1 pH 7,0 e o pH SMP de acordo com o procedimento ajustado no primeiro ensaio. Constatou-se que o procedimento SMP utilizado para a rotina de pH CaCl 2 ajustou-se sem alterações à rotina de pH H 2 O. O H+Al determinado em acetato de cálcio 0,5 mol L -1 pH 7,0 diferiu estatisticamente da acidez estimada para o pH 7,0 pelas curvas de incubação. As determinações em acetato foram equivalentes à acidez estimada para o pH 5,7 pelas curvas de incubação. Adotou-se a acidez para pH 6,0 estimado pelas curvas de incubação como referência para correção das determinações em acetato de Ca pH 7,0 e para estabelecer o ajuste da equação de regressão com o pH SMP. Ajustaram-se as regressões para estimar um fator F de correção da determinação em acetato de cálcio, a partir dos teores de matéria orgânica e, ou, P remanescente. Foram ajustadas as regressões: ln (H+Al) = 8,93 - 1,255pH SMP, R 2 = 0,842 e ln (H+Al) = 6,18 + 0,142 MO - 0,859pH SMP R 2 = 0,936, nas quais todos os coeficientes foram significativos (p < 0,05). A equação que inclui a matéria orgânica mostrou-se, potencialmente adequada para uso generalizado. / The potential acidity is determined by the exchangeable acidity and above all the non-exchangeable acidity, which corresponds to the neutralized acidity, up to a particular pH value. Hydrogen, covalently linked to the soil colloids, is the principal component of this acidity. The potential acidity determines the acid buffer capacity of the soil and accurate estimates are fundamental to estimate the cation exchange capacity (CEC) and, consequently, base saturation (V) at pH 7.0. As the base saturation for the calculation of the lime requirement is increased, reliable estimates of the CEC as well as of V become increasingly important. The potential acidity can be determined by means of soil incubation with CaCO 3 , by the extraction with 0.5 mol L -1 pH 7.0 calcium acetate solution or through the equilibrium between the soil and buffered SMP solution. In these determinations not only the hydrolyzable H contributes to the acidity but also Al 3+ hydrolysis, so measures are expressed by H+Al. The determination by the SMP method was adapted to the routine soil pH determination in CaCl 2 . The procedure is based on the linear correlation between ln(H+Al) extracted by 0.5 mol L -1 pH 7.0 calcium acetate and the pH of the suspension of equilibrium soil-solution SMP (pH SMP ). xRegression equations of regional scope were therefore established to estimate pH SMP -based H+Al. Currently, 15 equations are being used in Brazil. This diversity of equations contributes to the incertainty in H+Al estimation, since laboratories work with the equations beyond their regional scope. However, one should bear in mind that soil characteristics are more relevant than the regional character. Besides, the method in use was adjusted to a routine pH determination in CaCl 2. For its adoption by laboratories that determine the pH in H 2 O, one more routine must be included. Our study aimed to: a) adjust the SMP method to laboratory procedures that routinely determines the pH in H 2 O and b) identify a mathematical model and fit a regression equation of general application to estimate the potential acidity through the SPM method. In the present study 99 soil samples from different regions of Brazil were used, with wide variation in the H+Al and organic matter contents and values of remaining P and clay content. In a first trial with six soil samples, the adjustment of the SMP method to the routine pH determination in H 2 O, was evaluated by testing alterations in the CaCl 2 concentration in the SMP solution. In a second trial, with 13 soil samples, the acidity was determined by soil incubation with CaCO 3 to establish incubation curves, defined by linear regression equations. With the underlying equations, the potential acidity was estimated for pH 7.0; 6.5; 6.0; 5.9; 5.8; 5.7;and 5.5. For the 99 soil samples the H+Al was determined in 0.5 mol L -1 pH 7.0 calcium acetate and the pH SMP according to the procedure adjusted in the first trial. The SMP procedure used for the CaCl 2 pH routine was adjusted without alterations to the H 2 O pH routine. The H+Al determined in 0.5 mol L -1 pH 7.0 calcium acetate differed staistically from the acidity estimated for pH 7.0 through the incubation curves. The determinations in acetate were equivalent to the acidity estimated for pH 5.7 through the incubation curves. The acidity at pH 6.0 estimated by the incubation curves was taken as reference for the correction of the determinations in pH 7.0 Ca acetate and for fitting the regression equations with pH SMP. The regressions to estimate the correction factor F of the determination in calcium acetate were adjusted based on the organic matter and/or P remainder contents. The following regressions were adjusted: ln (H+Al) = 8.93 - 1.255pH SMP,, R 2 = 0.842 and ln (H+Al) = 6.18 + 0.142MO - 0.859pH SMP , R 2 = 0.936, in which all coefficients were significant (p < 0.05). The equation that includes organic matter proved potentially adequate for a generalized use.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-28T18:09:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 115.pdf: 596563 bytes, checksum: bc33af86699e3b9a1900240528f55ec1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-22T16:56:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 115.pdf: 596563 bytes, checksum: bc33af86699e3b9a1900240528f55ec1 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde / O monitoramento de resíduos de agrotóxicos em alimentos é uma prática adotada pelos governos de diversos países, visando verificar o perfeito atendimento às normas sanitárias, que têm como objetivo proteger a saúde da população. Neste contexto, o governo brasileiro vem monitorando estes resíduos, de forma sistemática desde 2001. O Estado do Rio de Janeiro iniciou o monitoramento de resíduos de agrotóxicos em morangos produzidos na região serrana no ano de 2003, como resposta aos resultados nacionais divulgados pela ANVISA, onde esta cultura apresentou 46,03 por cento de insatisfação. De 2003 a 2005 foram coletadas 93 amostras, sendo que em 2003, 90,5 por cento apresentaram resultado insatisfatório, principalmente pelo uso de agrotóxicos não autorizados para a cultura. No ano de 2004, este índice caiu para 30,3 por cento e se manteve nesta casa no ano de 2005, com 33,33 por cento. Foi conduzido um estudo visando avaliar a exposição aos resíduos de agrotóxicos por meio da dieta, utilizando os valores da Ingestão Diária Teórica Máxima (IDTM), comparando com os valores estabelecidos de Ingestão Diária Aceitável (IDA) para o resíduo de cada substância estudada. Dos onze compostos quantificados nas análises laboratoriais no ano de 2004, nenhum ultrapassou a IDA. Captana foi o composto que apresentou o maior impacto, contribuindo com 35,12 por cento da IDA. Dos oito compostos analisados qualitativamente ou que apresentaram resultado inferior ao limite de quantificação do método, tendo sido usado o valor estabelecido do LMR para os cálculos, dois ultrapassaram o parâmetro toxicológico de segurança. O Dicofol apresentou resultado de199,33 por cento da IDA e o pirimifós metílico, de 102,12 por cento. Tais resultados devem servir de alerta às autoridades, para que sejam revistas as monografias destes compostos. / Governments of various countries have adopted the monitoring of pesticide residues in food in order to ensure full compliance with health standards, thus aiming to protect the population’s health. The Brazilian government has systematically monitored pesticide residues since 2001. The State of Rio de Janeiro began monitoring pesticide residues in strawberries grown in the Serrana (Mountainous) region of the State in the year 2003 as a response to the national results published by the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA), in which this crop showed a 46.03% unsatisfactory test rate. From 2003 to 2005, 93 samples were tested, with a 90.5% unsatisfactory rate in 2003, mainly due to the use of pesticides that had not been authorized for use on strawberry. In the year 2004 the rate dropped to 30.3% and remained at basically the same level in 2005 (33.33%). A study was conduced to assess dietary exposure to pesticide residues by using theoretical maximum daily intake (TMDI) levels, comparing the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for residues of the various target substances. Of the eleven compounds quantified in the laboratory analyses in the year 2004, none exceeded the ADI. Captan was the compound with the heaviest impact, with 35.12% of the ADI. Of the eight compounds analyzed qualitatively or which presented results below the method’s quantification limit, having used the established maximum residue limits (MRLs) for the calculations, two exceeded the toxicological safety threshold. Dicofol showed 199.33% of the ADI and pirimiphos-methyl 102.12%. Such results should serve as a warning to authorities to review the monographs of these compounds. As for the residue levels, one can conclude that access to information on the chemical and toxicological properties of crop pesticides and the permits for their use, as well as the effective adoption of good agricultural practices in compliance with the necessary measures for proper handling and application of these compounds, are crucially important for supplying food to the population with the lowest possible levels of chemical contaminant residues.

Submitted by Helena Bejio (helena.bejio@unioeste.br) on 2018-05-21T13:20:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Anderson_Santin_2018.pdf: 790302 bytes, checksum: 076b2c650c7c69478ced640780570519 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-21T13:20:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Anderson_Santin_2018.pdf: 790302 bytes, checksum: 076b2c650c7c69478ced640780570519 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The objective of this work was to evaluate the productive and quality characteristics of strawberry cultivars of short and neutral days, on mulchings in the city of Dois Vizinhos-PR. Two experiments were carried out in protected environment on private property in the municipality of Dois Vizinhos, Paraná, Brazil. The experiments were conducted between May 2015 and January 2016, entitled: (1) Agronomic characteristics of short-day strawberry cultivars on mulchings; (2) Agronomic characteristics of long-day strawberry cultivars on mulchings. The seedlings from Chile were transplanted in the months of May and June. In the experiment 1 the factors of cultivation of short days (Camarosa and Camino Real) and mulching colors (white, silver and black) were evaluated. Experiment 2 evaluated the neutral day cultivars (Monterey, San Andreas, Albion, Aromas and Portola) and the mulching colors (white, silver and black). In both experiments the harvests were performed every two days, and the fruits were harvested when they presented 75% of the coloration of the red epidermis. The values obtained in the harvests for fruit biomass and number of fruits were summed within each experimental unit and divided by the number of plants that constituted each experimental unit, thus obtaining the production per plant, number of fruits per plant and average fresh biomass Of the fruits. The pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, SS / AT ratio and fruit color (luminosity and color) were evaluated for fruit quality. The levels of chlorophyll a and b, chlorophyll a + b and chlorophyll a / b ratio in leaves were also measured. At the end of the productive cycle, destructive evaluations of leaf number, leaf area and dry biomass of the aerial part were carried out. With the accomplishment of the present work it can be concluded that with white mulching the plants presented lower vegetative development and higher production values and fruit size. Regarding fruit quality aspects, the mulchings showed no influence. Among the cultivars of short days the cultivar Camino Real presented fruits with greater biomass (14.89 g) and more attractive in the appearance of color of epidermis. Among the cultivars of neutral days, the cultivar Aromas obtained higher yield per plant (892.06 g) and stood out from the others for the conditions of Dois Vizinhos-PR. The cultivar Portola showed lower value for fruit biomass (10.62 g). For fruit quality Albion and Monterey were superior to the others. / Objetivou-se com o trabalho avaliar as características produtivas e de qualidade de cultivares de morangueiro de dias curtos e neutros, sobre mulchings. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos em ambiente protegido em propriedade particular no município de Dois vizinhos Paraná. Os experimentos foram conduzidos entre os meses de maio de 2015 e janeiro de 2016. As mudas oriundas do Chile foram transplantadas nos meses de maio e junho. No experimento 1 se avaliou os fatores cultivar de dias curto (Camarosa e Camino Real) e cores de mulching (branco, prata e preto). No experimento 2 se avaliou as cultivares de dias neutros (Monterey, San Andreas, Albion, Aromas e Portola) e as cores de mulchings (branco, prata e preto). Em ambos os experimentos as colheitas foram realizadas a cada dois dias, sendo os frutos colhidos quando apresentaram 75% da coloração da epiderme vermelha. Os valores obtidos nas colheitas para biomassa de frutos e número de frutos foram somados dentro de cada unidade experimental e divididos pelo número de plantas que constituíram cada unidade experimental, obtendo-se assim a produção por planta, número de frutos por planta e biomassa fresca média dos frutos. Para a qualidade de frutos avaliou-se o pH, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, relação SS/AT e cor dos frutos (luminosidade e coloração). Mensurouse também os teores de clorofila a e b, clorofila a+b e relação clorofila a/b nas folhas. No final do ciclo produtivo realizou-se avaliações destrutivas de número de folhas, área foliar e biomassa seca da parte aérea. Com a realização do presente trabalho pode-se concluir que com mulching branco as plantas apresentaram menor desenvolvimento vegetativo e maior de produção e tamanho de frutos. Já no aspecto de qualidade de frutos os mulchings não apresentaram influencia. Dentre as cultivares de dias curtos, a cultivar Camino Real apresentou frutos com maior biomassa (14,89 g) e mais atraentes no aspecto de cor de epiderme. Entre as cultivares de dias neutros a cultivar Aromas obteve maior produção por planta (892,06 g) e se destacou das demais para as condições de Dois Vizinhos-PR. A cultivar Portola apresentou menor biomassa de fruto (10,62 g). Para qualidade de frutos, as cultivares Albion e Monterey foram superiores às demais.

The Rosaceae contains many important commercially grown fruit crops. No comprehensive genomics platform is currently under development for fruit crops, giving functional genomics studies with wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) the potential of identifying genes important in fruit crops. Fragaria vesca has a small genome size compared to the cultivated strawberry, Fragaria à ananassa Duch. (164 vs. 600 Mbp per 1C nucleus). This feature, in addition to a short life cycle (12-16 weeks) and small plant size make F. vesca a good candidate for a model plant for genetic and molecular studies. The specific objective of this work was to develop an efficient high-throughput Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol to generate an insertional mutant population to support the justification of F. vesca as a model organism for rosaceous crops. The transformation techniques described by Alsheikh et al. (2002) and Oosumi et al. (2005) were modified and applied to a range of germplasm obtained from the USDA National Germplasm Repository. We found that the modifications made to the Alsheikh protocol were unsuccessful when applied to our germplasm. With the Oosumi et al. (2005) protocol, transformation efficiencies ranging from 11 to 100% were obtained for two accessions when explants were exposed to varying durations on TDZ containing medium during shoot regeneration. The transformation efficiency was given as the mean number of GFP+ plants obtained per primary explant cultured. Multiplex PCR, for amplification of the hptII and GFP genes, was performed on a random sample of GFP+ plants to verify insertion of the T-DNA. The statistical power of our experiment was insufficient to detect treatment effect but based on our findings the transformation efficiencies were high enough to justify PI 551572 for use in the high throughput transformations that are required to generate a population of insertional mutants large enough for gene discovery in F. vesca. / Master of Science