Problemformulering och syfte: Trots att gestaltningsteorin har varit en av de mest använda teorierna inom medieforskning de senaste decennierna så finns det relativt få kvalitativa analyser av politiska debatter, och ännu färre politiska slutdebatter. Sverigedemokraterna har de senaste åren jobbat för att bli mer socialt accepterade och blev i riksdagsvalet 2014 Sveriges tredje största parti. I dag är Sverigedemokraterna Sveriges snabbast växande parti, trots detta finns det relativt lite forskning kring hur Sverigedemokraterna gestaltas i politiska debatter. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur de politiska frågorna i SVT:s slutdebatter 2010, 2014 och 2018 gestaltas, samt att se hur Sverigedemokraterna gestaltas i debatterna. Metod och material: Jag har använt mig av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Mitt material har varit SVT:s slutdebatter 2010, 2014 och 2018. Huvudresultat: Huvudresultatet från min studie visar att de politiska frågorna från slutdebatten 2010 var övervägande politisk sakgestaltade. I slutdebatten 2014 var frågorna endast spelgestaltade, och i slutdebatten 2018 var de politiska frågorna övervägande sakgestaltade, med inslag av spelgestaltning. Sverigedemokraterna gestaltades negativt i samtliga slutdebatter.

With the development of technology, the communication between people has changed rapidly. Social media is a type of digital network designed to share content with other internet users based on their preferences and associations. The purpose of this research was to understand how industry press and the professional market place frame social media today. Moreover, this research showed the explored current social media pedagogy in business and communication programs to see if it matches the need of industry expectations. This study was a content analysis of the text-based study that uses a qualitative software-Leximancer to analyze data. The result suggested both industry press and the job market expect professionals to understand the skills of how to master the social media platforms, especially Facebook. Finally, universities offer few courses about social media, with primary objective of marketing and communication programs focusing on teaching students to be professional in business and organizations.

The ongoing war in Syria and the subsequent refugee crisis has brought the need for refugee resettlement to the forefront of policy debates. Canada and the United States display stark differences in the outcome of their refugee policies. Canada continues to welcome Syrian refugees, whereas the United States has become less willing to engage in resettlement. The purpose of this study was to use Entman's conceptualization of framing theory to compare media framing of refugees in Canada and the United States to deliver insight into the different policy outcomes. Data were acquired through a content analysis of 850 newspaper articles in each country that were measured with 2 separate Lexicoder instruments to represent the salience and selection of the media coverage about refugees. These data were then analyzed primarily through compare-means tests to determine if there were differences in media reporting between the 2 nations. Findings indicated that newspapers in the United States portrayed refugees more negatively than newspapers in Canada. The tone and frame of the articles differered significantly between the 2 countries (p < .001). These results suggested that newspaper articles in the United States portrayed a less favorable attitude toward refugees compared to Canada. The implications for positive social change include the necessity by intergovernmental, governmental, and nonprofit organizations who are tasked with refugee resettlement in the United States to counter the negative portrayals of refugees in the media in order to enhance the integration process of refugees in society and motivate additional resettllement opportunities.

Globalization has among other tendencies led to the emergence of new ways of doing business. One of the ways for organizations to meet the demands of a new competitive landscape has been through management accounting change, a field which has become increasingly popular in research. This paper builds on that research and seeks to investigate the case of the implementation of a new management accounting system in a Swedish company which was triggered by strategic change. Commonality through the interactive approach is by some researchers seen as a key to successful change. This approach is contrasted to the importance of symbolic constructs and change recipients’ cognitive effort to understand the meaning of change for which Framing theory is applied. The paper comes to the conclusion that both approaches are necessary in a change process, and shows further that their usage will depend on the process’ timeframe and change recipients’ position in the organization.

Intresset för att redovisa de anställda som tillgång ökar i takt med att kunskapsintensiva företag blir allt fler. När företag vill visa denna immateriella tillgång för intressenter saknas lämpliga värderingsmetoder och rapporteringsstandarder. Vissa företag kompletterar därför årsredovisningen med en rapport där information om medarbetarna, humankapitalet, presenteras. Då tvingande lagstiftning för rapporteringen saknas, skiljer sig utformningen åt mellan företag. Syftet med studien är att se om motiven med att rapportera humankapital influerar utformningen av rapporterna. Här försöker vi inte bara komplettera existerade forskning kring rapportering av humankapital utan även ifrågasätta rapporteringens objektivitet. Studien visar att det finns svag koppling mellan motiven till att rapportera humankapital och utformningen. Vi har dessutom funnit att rapporterna utformas med hänsyn till den formella ton som förknippas med en årsredovisning samt den miljö och bransch företaget verkar i. Detta visar på att årsredovisningarna och dess bifogade rapporter inte informerar utan kommunicerar till marknaden.

This thesis examines press framing of immigrant issues and epidemics in newspapers and periodicals, 1891 to 1893. During these years, immigration policies became more restrictive because of the Immigration Act of 1891, the opening of Ellis Island in 1892, the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1892, the New York City epidemics of 1892, the National Quarantine Act of 1893, and the nativist movement. Framing theory guided the following research questions: 1) How did articles in newspapers and periodicals frame immigrants and immigration issues in the context of epidemics from 1891 and 1893?; and 2) How did the press framing of immigrants and immigration issues in the context of epidemics from 1891 to 1893 reflect themes of nativism? This thesis contributes to the discourse about immigration because many Americans historically have learned about immigration issues from the press.

This study examines framing strategies employed by the social movement responding to homelessness in Atlanta, Georgia over the course of the 20th century. Drawing on archival records, media accounts and interviews with religious, business and government leaders, this longitudinal case study documents the varied casts of individuals and groups responding to the visible poor on the streets of the city. At the forefront of this project were religious groups serving variously as agents of social control or prophets calling for justice. Social movement framing theory, supplemented by resource mobilization and political opportunity theories, are applied to analyze movement processes. Framing theory provides an explanation for the coordination of collective action in social movements. However, the processes by which movements develop, contest and subsequently transform frames have received little scholarly attention and remain central questions for framing theory. This study addresses these questions. Analytically, I consider the movement in two waves: 1) an early movement dating from 1900 to 1970 and, 2) a modern movement covering the years from 1975 to 2005. In each period movement leaders adopted diagnostic, prognostic and motivational frames to organize and direct their actions. In the first wave, the Salvation Army and Union Mission drew on frames of sin and redemption to develop specialized, separate institutions and programs for the visible poor. The second wave of the movement developed its framing by incorporating elements from the civil rights movement, liberation theology and the Catholic Worker traditions. Religious leaders developed a church based, volunteer run shelter system providing free emergency night shelter to homeless persons. Freezing deaths on the streets of the city in 1981 led to rapid diffusion of church-based sheltering and adoption of a crisis/disaster frame. Central to these developments was a core group of religious leaders bringing a variety of personal experiences and visions to sheltering. The experience of sheltering and the confrontations with downtown business and political leaders fostered the development of frames with greater complexity and highlighted internal contradictions in the movement. New frames explaining homelessness variously emphasized either structural (injustice) or individual (disability) factors leading to framing conflicts within the movement.

Syfte: Syftet med studien är att belysa hur 11 september-attackerna gestaltades i svensk och brittisk morgonpress en vecka efter händelserna. Tyngdpunkten i undersökningen ligger på jämförelsen mellan tidningarnas gestaltningar av händelserna. Frågeställningar: Hur gestaltas nyheten veckan efter katastrofen? Vilka likheter och skillnader finns mellan tidningarnas gestaltningar? Hur ser förhållandet mellan text respektive bilder/nyhetsgrafik ut i de båda tidningarna? Teori: Studiens teoretiska ramverk är gestaltningsteorin och främst Robert Entmans modeller. Gestaltningsteorin handlar om mediernas inflytande över hur människor upplever och uppfattar den verklighet vi lever i. Då studien är en jämförelse mellan svensk och brittisk dagspress kontextualiseras studien genom en skildring av situationen för dagspressen i respektive land. Metod: Uppsatsen har undersökt gestaltningar i medieinnehåll genom att använda kvantitativ innehållsanalys som metod för insamling av empiriskt material. Materialet utgörs av samtliga artiklar om 11 september-attackerna i Dagens Nyheter och The Guardian från 2001-09-12 och en vecka framåt. Analysen är utförd på 191 artiklar. Resultat: Förekomst av konfliktgestaltning, human interest-gestaltning, ansvarsgestaltning och ekonomisk konsekvensgestaltning identifierades i båda tidningar. De förstnämnda accentueras mer i The Guardian medan ekonomisk konsekvensgestaltning förekom i högre utsträckning i DN. Indikationer på förekomst av moralgestaltning fanns i The Guardian men kunde inte bekräftas. Även andra faktorer som påverkar nyhetsgestaltningen identifierades. Undersökningen visade även att texten och bilderna i anslutning i viss mån förutsätter varandra då de stärker varandras gestaltningar. Utrymmet för själva artiklarna varierade stort mellan tidningarna. The Guardian hade fler utrymmeskrävande artiklar såväl som bilder. / Purpose: The study aims to shed light on how the September 11 attacks were framed in Swedish and British newspapers one week after the events occured. The main focus of the study is to compare the newspapers' framing of the events. Issues: In what ways are the news portrayed during the week after the events occured? What similarities and differences are there between the newspapers' framings of the events? How much space does text and images/news graphics occupy in the two papers? Theory: The study's theoretical framework is framing theory, mainly Robert Entmans ideas about the different depictions of media. Framing theory is all about how the media influence the way people experience and perceive the reality we live in. Since the study aims to compare Swedish and British newspapers, a contextualisation is performed through a depiction of the situation of the press in Sweden and the UK. Method: The essay has examined the framings in media content by using quantitative content analysis as a method for collecting empirical data. The material consists of all items on the September 11 attacks in Dagens Nyheter and The Guardian, from the date 2001-09-12 and a week ahead. The analysis was conducted on 191 articles. Results: Conflict frame, human interest frame, responsibility frame and economic consequences frame were identified in both newspapers. The former were accentuated in The Guardian. Economic consequences frame was more common in DN. Indications of morality framing were found in the Guardian, but could not be confirmed. In addition, factors having effect on news framing were identified. The study also revealed that text and images presuppose each other while reinforcing each other's frames. The space for the articles themselves varied considerably between the papers. The Guardian contained more space demanding articles as well as images.

Titel: Ris eller ros i svensk press? – en studie av Sverigedemokraternas gestaltning i två svenska tidningar under valrörelsen 2010 Författare: Emelie Pettersson Handledare: Christer Clerwall Kurs: Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap III Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur Sverigedemokraterna gestaltades i tidningarna Dagens nyheter och Expressen, inför valet 2010. Studien ämnar även kunna finna likheter eller skillnader i gestaltningen, i morgonpress respektive kvällspress. Teori: Studien har en tydlig teoretisk utgångspunkt, gestaltningsteorin. Gestaltningsteorin belyser mediers makt i dess olika form, på olika nivåer och med olika genomslagskraft. Studien utgår främst från Robert Entmans tankar om mediers gestaltningar. Vidare blir även forskning om läsning och läsbeteende centralt. Den delen belyser hur vi läser och vilken roll rubriker och bilder spelar för vårt åsiktsbildande. Metod: Undersökningen har utgjorts av innehållsanalyser. Fenomenet mixed methods har tillämpats, vilket innebär att en och samma undersökning tar två riktningar, för att komplettera varandras brister. Undersökningen har alltså haft både en kvantitativ och en kvalitativ ansats. Den kvantitativa innehållsanalysen har tillämpats på 103 artiklar, och utifrån de mönster som framkommit, har den kvalitativa innehållsanalysen sedan applicerats på sju artiklar. Resultat: Resultatet visar att Sverigedemokraterna har gestaltats i negativ klang i majoriteten av artiklarna. Om partiet var huvudperson i artiklarna, var gestaltningen oftast negativ. Då Sverigedemokraterna gestaltades på neutralt vis, var de istället oftast inte artikelns huvudperson. Det var även så att partiet oftast gestaltades med hjälp av negativt laddade ord. Partiet fick dessutom i majoriteten av fallen inte komma till tals i artiklarna. Dagens nyheter och Expressen har visat på mer skillnader än likheter i sina gestaltningar, men dessa skillnader blir trots allt inte så stora i praktiken, då båda tidningarna främst levererar en övervägande negativ bild av partiet. / Title: Praise or Blame in Swedish Press – a study of the framing of the Swedish Deomcrats in two Swedish newspapers during the election campaign of 2010. Author: Emelie Pettersson Tutor: Christer Clerwall Course: Media and Communication Studies III Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to find out how the Swedish Democrats was framed in the newspapers Dagens Nyheter and Expressen in the election campaign of 2010. The paper also aims to find similarities and differences in the framing of the party in morning newspapers and tabloids. Theory: This paper has a distinct theoretical point of departure, framing theory. Framing theory sheds a light on the power of media in its different forms, on all levels, and its different kinds of impact. The paper departs mainly from thoughts of Robert Entman about the different depictions of media. Further on, research about reading and behaviour of reading also becomes central. That part raises how we read and what role head lines and images play in our formation of opinions. Method: The study has been done with analyses of content. Mixed methods have been applied to the study, which means that the same study has been made in both a quantitative way and a qualitative way, in order to supplement each other’s shortages. The quantitative analyses of content have been applied to 103 articles and from patterns revealed in those analyses the qualitative analyses of content has been applied on seven articles. Result: The result of the study shows that the Swedish Democrats has been framed in a negative way in the majority of the articles included in the study. If the party was the main subject in the articles the framing was most of the times negative. The times when the Swedish Democrats was portrayed in a neutral manner they were not the main subject of the article. The party was in the articles often framed with negatively charged words. In addition to this the party was in a majority of the articles not quoted or invited to speak their part. Dagens Nyheter and Expressen has during the study shown several differences in their portrayals of the party, although these differences are not as extensive in theory since both papers at first hand has chosen a negative image of portrayal of the party.

On the 15th of May 2011 the former leader of the International Monetary Fund, Dominique Strauss-Kahn, was accused of sexually assaulting a maid in a hotel room in New York. Strauss-Kahn was cleared of all charges on the 23rd of August 2011 since it could not be proven that he had forced the maid to have sexual relations with him. The purpose of this study is to examine how the case was framed in two Swedish newspapers, Svenska Dagbladet and Aftonbladet. Svenska Dagbladet is a broadsheet newspaper and Aftonbladet is a tabloid newspaper. The purpose of this study is also to find differences and similarities in the framing of the case in broadsheet newspapers and tabloid newspapers. The study is primarily based on two different theories; the framing theory and the tabloidization theory. The method used is critical discourse analysis based on van Dijks theories and methods. A total of ten articles were examined, five from Svenska Dagbladet and five from Aftonbladet. Our result revealed that both Svenska Dagbladet and Aftonbladet used dramaturgical methods like exaggeration and speculation in their reporting. The two newspapers also constructed the storyline about the persons involved in a similar way. These results indicate that the gap between how broadsheet newspapers and tabloid newspapers write their stories is decreasing.