Este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar a interação da pescaria de espera e as capturas acidentais de Pontoporia blainvillei, bem como a implicação da atividade na conservação da espécie. Para tanto, foram descritas e analisadas a atividade pesqueira, avaliadas as capturas acidentais, estimadas a mortalidade e estudados alguns aspectos da estrutura populacional, como a estimativa da idade, do crescimento e de parâmetros de algumas variáveis reprodutivas das toninhas acidentalmente capturadas no litoral do Estado de São Paulo. O monitoramento sistemático da frota pesqueira do município da Praia Grande durante o período de julho de 1999 a dezembro de 2008 permitiu uma avaliação temporal das capturas acidentais e dos índices de captura por unidade de esforço de pesca. Cinco tipos de redes de espera e um tipo de rede de arrastão de praia foram utilizados pela frota pesqueira da Praia Grande, sendo observadas capturas em quatro tipos de redes de espera. Um total de 91 toninhas foram acidentalmente capturadas e os valores de CPUE indicam que as redes de superfície boeira e a rede demersal fundo grossa são as responsáveis pelos maiores valores de captura nos meses de outono e inverno. Ao longo de todo o litoral paulista foi verificado o uso de redes de emalhe de espera em áreas costeiras, totalizando cerca de 1.192 embarcações operando redes de emalhe. A partir do monitoramento sistemático de quatro comunidades pesqueiras estimou-se um esforço de pesca total para a frota de emalhe do Estado de São Paulo em 4.684.981 km x dia de pesca, o qual foi multiplicado pela captura por unidade de esforço de pesca média (0,00008 toninhas/km x dia de pesca) resultando em uma estimativa de mortalidade de 372 toninhas para o período de junho de 2004 a abril de 2005. As idades estimadas dos animais capturados variaram de 0 a 14 anos, sendo que 80,0 % possuíam idade entre 0 e 3 anos. As fêmeas tiveram distribuição de idade 0 a 7 anos e os machos de 0 a 14 anos. O comprimento máximo assintótico estimado pelo modelo de von Bertalanffy ajustado aos dados de comprimento total e idade foi de 117,5 cm para machos e 135,6 cm para fêmeas 135,6 cm. O valor da taxa de crescimento estimado para os machos (0,859) foi superior ao das fêmeas (0,779). Não foi constatada diferença significativa entre comprimento, peso e largura entre as gônadas do mesmo animal, confirmado a hipótese de simetria. Os valores médios das medidas macroscópicas das gônadas, assim como o Índice de Maturidade Testicular (IMT) e Ovariano (IMO) foram significativamente diferentes entre indivíduos maduros, púberes e imaturos e apresentaram nítido aumento dos valores para os indivíduos maduros, demonstrando o aumento em tamanho e peso das gônadas com a chegada da maturidade gonadal. A análise microscópica de 45 testículos revelou que 33,3% dos machos eram imaturos, 15,6% púberes e 51,1% maduros. A análise microscópica dos ovários de 42 fêmeas resultou uma proporção de 54,8% fêmeas imaturas, 4,8% púberes e 40,5% maduras. Do total de fêmeas maduras capturadas nove estavam prenhas e apresentaram corpo lúteo de gravidez de grande dimensão. O número máximo de corpos albicans e lúteos observados nos ovários das fêmeas maduras foi três, ocorrendo 61,9% no ovário esquerdo. O comprimento médio e a idade média de maturidade para os machos foram estimados em 103,6 e 107,83 cm e 1,31 e 1,48 anos, respectivamente e para as fêmeas em 119 cm e 1,2 a 1,83 anos, dependo do método utilizado. O tempo de gestação estimado 10,22 meses, taxa de prenhez anual de 0,56, comprimento de nascimento de 72,05 cm, taxa de crescimento fetal de 0,27 cm/dia e o intervalo reprodutivo de 1,77 anos. Os resultados obtidos para o litoral do estado de São Paulo indicam que a pescaria de emalhe incide principalmente nos indivíduos imaturos de ambos os sexos, com 0 a 2 anos de idade, mas que um percentual significativo de adultos maduros também vem sendo capturados. Além disso, foi constatado que não há padrão latitudinal das variáveis estudadas. / The scope of this study is to investigate the interactions of gillnet fishing and the accidental captures of the Pontoporia blainvillei, as well as the implications of this activity in species conservation. Therefore, fishing activities are described and analyzed, accidental captures are evaluated, mortality is estimated and some aspects of population structure are studied, such as growth and age estimates, besides criteria estimates of reproduction variables in franciscana dolphin accidentally caught on the coast of the State of São Paulo. Continuous monitoring of the fishing boats in Praia Grande County, from July 1999 to December 2008 allowed both the chronological evaluation of accidental catching and capture per unit effort. Five different types of gillnets and one of trawl net for shallow areas were used by the fishing boats in Praia Grande, of which four types of gillnets registered catching. A total number of 91 franciscana dolphins were accidentally captured and the values of catch per unit effort (CPUE) indicate that \"boeira\" surface nets and \"bottom thick\" demersal nets are responsible for the highest capture numbers during autumn and winter time. The use of drift nets was observed along the coast of the São Paulo State where a total of 1,192 boats have used such nets. Through the systematic monitoring of four fishing communities, the total fishing effort concerning drift nets, in the State of São Paulo, was 4,684,981 km per fishing day. This value was then multiplied by the catch per unit of average fishing (0.00008 Franciscana dolphins/km x fishing day), which resulted in an estimate mortality of 372 dolphins between June 2004 and April 2005. Estimated age of captured animals varied from 0 to 14 years, 80.0% ranged between 0 and 3 years. Age distribution among female dolphins was from 0 to 7 years, while among male dolphins it was from 0 to 14 years. The maximum asymptotic lenght, estimated according to the von Bertalanffy model and adjusted to the length and age data, was of 117.5 cm for males and 135.6 cm for females. The estimated growth rate for males (0.859) was higher than for females (0.779). No significant difference regarding length, weight, and width between the gonads of the same animal was noticed, confirming the symmetry hypothesis. The average values of the gonads macroscopic measures, as well as both the Testicular (TIM) and Ovarian (OIM) Index of Maturity were significantly different among mature, pubescent and immature individuals. There was a clear increase in value for mature individuals, which demonstrates the gonads size and weight increase as they reach maturity. Microscopic analysis of 45 testicles showed that 33.3% of males were immature, 15.6% pubescent, and 51.1% mature. Microscopic analysis of 42 female ovaries showed that 54.8% of females were immature, 4.8% pubescent, and 40.5% mature. Nine out of the total mature females captured were pregnant and presented a pregnancy corpus luteum of greater size. The maximum corpus albicans and corpus luteum numbers observed in mature female ovaries was three - 61.9% occurring in the left ovary. Both average length and average sexual maturity age for male individuals were estimated between 103.6 107.83 cm and 1.31 1.48 years, respectively. For female individuals these numbers were 119 cm and 1.2 1.83 years, depending on the method used. The estimated pregnancy period was 10.22 months; the annual pregnancy rate was 0.56; the birth length was 72.05 cm; the fetal growth rate was 0.27 cm/day, and the reproduction interval was 1.77 year. The results obtained in the State of São Paulo indicate that drift nets affect mainly immature individuals of both sexes, from 0 to 2 years old. However, a significant percentage of mature adults have also been captured. Besides, no latitude pattern in the variables studied was confirmed.

Στην παρούσα μελέτη πραγματοποιήθηκε εκτίμηση της τοξικότητας των τελικών εκροών πριν και μετά το στάδιο της απολύμανσης (με τη χρήση της μεθόδους της χλωρίωσης) από το σταθμό βιολογικής επεξεργασίας των αστικών αποβλήτων της Πάτρας με την χρήση βιοδεικτών (biotest). Η μελέτη των τοξικών επιπτώσεων αυτών των εκροών και από τα δύο στάδια πραγματοποιήθηκε σε οργανισμούς-Βιοδείκτες τόσο των γλυκών όσο και αλμυρών υδάτων, όπως οι οργανισμοί Thamnocephalus platyurus και Artemia franciscana (με τη μορφή βιοτέστ Thamnotoxkit F και Artoxkit MTM αντίστοιχα), όσο και σε φυτικά είδη, όπως τα Sorghum saccharatum, Lepidum sativum και Sinapis alba (με τη μορφή Phytotoxkit). Επιπλέον έγινε ανίχνευση του μικροβιακού φορτίου πριν και μετά το στάδιο της χλωρίωσης, για την εκτίμηση της αποτελεσματικότητας της μεθόδου απολύμανσης των εκροών, καθώς και χημική ανάλυσή τους. Σύμφωνα με τα αποτελέσματα της παρούσας μελέτης, οι τελικές εκροές υγρών αποβλήτων που καταλήγουν στο στάδιο της απολύμανσης, με τη μέθοδο της χλωρίωσης παρουσιάζουν μεγάλες διακυμάνσεις τόσο στις φυσικοχημικές παραμέτρους και στη συγκέντρωση βαρέων μετάλλων που μετρήθηκαν, όσο και στην τοξικότητα που μπορεί να επιφέρουν στους οργανισμούς που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν. Τα αποτελέσματα της παρούσας μελέτης έδειξαν την αποτελεσματικότητα της μεθόδου όσο αφορά τη μείωση του μικροβιακού φορτίου των τελικών εκροών. Αντίθετα, η μελέτη τοξικότητας των τελικών εκροών με τη χρήση οργανισμών τόσο του γλυκού όσο και του αλμυρού νερού (Thamnocephalus platyurus και Artemia franciscana αντίστοιχα), καθώς και σε φυτικούς οργανισμούς (Sorgum saccharatum, Sinapsis alba και Lepidum sativum) έδειξε σημαντικές εποχικές μεταβολές στην επαγωγή τοξικών φαινομένων. Συγκεκριμένα, οι εκροές (μετά το στάδιο της χλωρίωσης effluents) φαίνεται να είναι λιγότερο τοξικές για τους οργανισμούς του αλμυρού νερού, συγκριτικά με τις τοξικές επιπτώσεις που προκαλούν οι εκροές πριν το στάδιο της χλωρίωσης (influents). Αντίθετα, οι εκροές που προκύπτουν μετά το στάδιο της χλωρίωσης παρουσιάζουν μεγαλύτερη τοξικότητα σε οργανισμούς του γλυκού νερού, σε σχέση με τις επιπτώσεις που προκαλούν οι εκροές πριν το στάδιο της χλωρίωσης, ενώ παρατηρήθηκε σημαντική αναστολή της αυξητικής ικανότητας των ειδών Sorgum saccharatum και Sinapsis alba σε κάθε περίπτωση. Συμπερασματικά, από τα αποτελέσματα της παρούσας μελέτης, φαίνεται η αποτελεσματικότητα της μεθόδου απολύμανσης των τελικών εκροών, όσο αφορά την απαλλαγή τους από μολυσματικούς παράγοντες, αλλά αναδεικνύονται τα προβλήματα τοξικότητας που μπορεί να επιφέρουν οι τελικές εκροές σε οργανισμούς των τελικών υδάτινων αποδεκτών (γλυκό και αλμυρό νερό), καθώς και η αναποτελεσματικότητα της χρήσης των τελικών εκροών σε δραστηριότητες όπως η άρδευση, λόγω της αναστολής που προκαλεί η χρήση τους σε φυτικούς οργανισμούς. / In this study was estimated the toxicity of the final effluents before and after the stage of disinfection (using the method of chlorination) in the wastewater treatment plant of Patras using bioindicators (biotest).The study of the toxic effects of these effluents and of the two stages was performed on organisms bioindicators both in freshwater and salt water, such as Thamnocephalus platyurus and Artemia franciscana (in the form of biotest Thamnotoxkit F and Artoxkit MTM respectively) and on plant species such as Sorghum saccharatum, Lepidum sativum and Sinapis alba (in the form of Phytotoxkit). Moreover the treated effluents were tested for microbiological parameters before and after the stage of chlorination, to assess the effectiveness of the method of disinfection of effluents, and also a chemical analysis was performed. According to the results of this study, the final effluents of wastewater that end in the process of disinfection, with the method of chlorination, vary widely both in physicochemical parameters and heavy metals that were measured, and as well the toxicity that can cause to organisms used. The results of this study showed the effectiveness of the method as regards reducing the microbial load of the final effluents. Instead, the study of final effluents toxicity using organisms of both fresh and saltwater (Thamnocephalus platyurus and Artemia franciscana, respectively) and in plant organisms (Sorgum saccharatum, Sinapsis alba and Lepidum sativum) showed significant seasonal changes in the induction of toxic reactions. Specifically, the effluents (after-chlorination effluents) seem to be less toxic for organisms of salt water, compared with the toxic effects caused by effluents before the stage of chlorination (influents). However, the effluents after the stage of chlorination are toxic in freshwater organisms compared to the effects caused by effluents before the stage of chlorination, while there was significant inhibition of growth capacity of species Sorgum saccharatum, Sinapsis alba in each case. In conclusion, the results of this study show the effectiveness of the method of disinfection of final effluents, as regards the discharge from contaminants, but highlighted the problems of toxicity that the final effluents can cause to organisms in the final water receiver (fresh and salty water), and the inefficiency of using of final effluents in activities such as irrigation, due to the inhibition caused by their use in plant organisms.

Os poluentes orgânicos persistentes (POPs) são acumulados em tecidos gordurosos dos organismos vivos em concentrações relativamente altas em animais do topo da cadeia alimentar, como os golfinhos. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a distribuição e acumulação de POPs em tecidos (gordura, fígado, rim e músculo) de toninhas (Pontoporia blainvillei) do litoral sul de São Paulo, bem como as diferenças/similaridades entre gênero e maturidade sexual e a transferência via placenta. Os valores de concentração mediana (ng g-1; peso úmido) para as 16 amostras de gordura, fígado, rim e músculo, respectivamente, foram: PCBs (987; 19,2; 5,08; 4,41); DDTs (550; 10,3; 2,67; 1,89); PBDEs (32,7; 0,230; 0,095; 0,050); Mirex (21,5; 0,457; 0,168; 0,083); HCB (15,4; <0,360; <0,360; <0,144); HCHs (<0,870; 2,20; <0,218; <0,087); Clordanas (<1,45; <0,362; <0,362; <0,145). Os machos jovens apresentaram as maiores concentrações dos POPs, seguidos pelos machos adultos, fêmeas jovens, fêmeas adultas e fetos. Foi observada transferência dos contaminantes das fêmeas gestantes para seus fetos entre 14 a 28% para PCBs e 19 a 45% para DDTs. A gordura apresentou correlação significativa com os demais tecidos estudados para acumulação dos PCBs, DDTs e PBDEs sugerindo a sua representatividade para estudos desses POPs em toninhas. / Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are accumulated in fatty tissues of organisms in relatively high concentrations in animals in high position of the food chain such as dolphins. The aims of this study were to evaluate the distribution and accumulation of POPs in tissues (blubber, liver, kidney and muscle) of franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei) collected on the southern coast of São Paulo as well as differences/similarities between genre and sexual maturity and the transplacental transfer. The values of median concentration (ng g-1; wet weight) for 16 samples of blubber, liver, kidney and muscle, respectively, were: PCBs (987; 19,2; 5,08; 4,41); DDTs (550; 10,3; 2,67; 1,89); PBDEs (32,7; 0,230; 0,095; 0,050); Mirex (21,5; 0,457; 0,168; 0,083); HCB (15,4; <0,360; <0,360; <0,144); HCHs (<0,870; 2,20; <0,218; <0,087); Chlordanes (<1,45; <0,362; <0,362; <0,145). POPs concentrations were higher in young males followed by adult males, young females, adult females and fetuses. Maternal transfer of POPs to the fetuses was between 14 to 28% for PCBs and 19 to 45% for DDTs. Blubber showed a significant correlation with the other tissues studied for PCBs, DDTs and PBDEs suggesting its representativeness for evaluation of these POPs in franciscana dolphin.

Submitted by Franciele Moreira (francielemoreyra@gmail.com) on 2018-08-14T15:14:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Germano Henrique Pereira Lopes - 2018.pdf: 4935798 bytes, checksum: 63fe5daf8b50f4043e5409bf1c1af4ef (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-08-16T11:33:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Germano Henrique Pereira Lopes - 2018.pdf: 4935798 bytes, checksum: 63fe5daf8b50f4043e5409bf1c1af4ef (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T11:33:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Germano Henrique Pereira Lopes - 2018.pdf: 4935798 bytes, checksum: 63fe5daf8b50f4043e5409bf1c1af4ef (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-07 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / Aiming to draw a path of choral practice, under the interdisciplinary view between performance and musicology, in the historical Santa Clara School in the city of Goiânia, Goiás, this work is one of the fruits of the studies carried out by the research group Choral Singing in Goiânia, trajectories and perspectives, linked to the Laboratory of Musicology Brás Wilson Pompeu de Pina Filho, of the School of Music and Performing Arts at the Federal University of Goiás. This research, focused on the musical collection of the Santa Clara School. It begins with a historical context of the Congregation of Franciscan Sisters of Pastoral Action, responsible for this institution, which arrived in Campinas (now a suburb of Goiânia) in 1921 to meet the educational needs of the region. The school became a reference not only in the pedagogical field, but also in the artistic and cultural areas. Then, this paper deepens into aspects of Catholic music in the study time-frame, starting with Ultramontanism, followed by a transition period that ends after the Second Vatican Council. Representative works of these three mentioned periods were analyzed, having as one of the selection criteria that the scores had clear signs of handling, featuring their use in performance. Moreover, some of these works and others of the collection were performed in concert generated by this research, in order to realize through the musical practice all the necessary elements for a broader understanding of the choral activity of the institution. After crossing the results with documentary data of the collection, it is shown that the choir practice in the school had been very intense and always aligned with all the current changes in sacred music (liturgical or not) determined by the clergy. This all become a significant component of the historical-musical development of the city of Goiania during the period span covered by this research. / Visando traçar uma trajetória da prática coral, sob o viés interdisciplinar, entre performance e musicologia, no histórico Colégio Santa Clara, na cidade de Goiânia, Goiás, este trabalho é um dos frutos dos estudos efetuados pelo grupo de pesquisa O Canto Coral em Goiânia, trajetórias e perspectivas, vinculado ao Laboratório de Musicologia Brás Wilson Pompeu de Pina Filho, da Escola de Música e Artes Cênicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Esta pesquisa, centrada no acervo musical do colégio, que se encontra nesse laboratório, inicia-se com uma contextualização histórica da Congregação das Irmãs Franciscanas da Ação Pastoral, responsável pela referida instituição, que chegou a Campinas (hoje um bairro de Goiânia) em 1921, para atender às necessidades educacionais da região. O colégio tornou-se uma referência não só no campo pedagógico, mas também nas áreas artística e cultural. Em seguida, este trabalho mergulha em aspectos da música católica no recorte temporal triplo da pesquisa: iniciando pelo Ultramontanismo, seguido de um período de transição que desemboca no momento posterior ao Concílio Vaticano II. Foram analisadas obras representativas desses três períodos, tendo como um dos critérios de seleção que as partituras tivessem sinais claros de manuseio, caracterizando o seu uso em performance. Em acréscimo, algumas dessas obras enfocadas e outras do acervo foram executadas em concerto ao longo desta pesquisa, a fim de perceber na prática elementos necessários para uma compreensão mais ampla da atividade coral da instituição. Após o cruzamento dos resultados com os dados documentais do acervo, ficou demonstrado que a prática coral do colégio foi muito intensa e sempre esteve sintonizada com todas as mudanças na música sacra (litúrgica ou não) determinadas pelo clero, constituindo-se num importante componente do desenvolvimento histórico-musical da cidade de Goiânia no período abrangido pela pesquisa.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal