Esta dissertação tem por objetivo apresentar as licenças de software livre mais importantes, sob a luz dos seus principais aspectos jurídicos e da inter-compatibilidade, de forma a auxiliar pessoas envolvidas no desenvolvimento de software a compreender as implicações destas licenças ao fazer uso delas em seus projetos. A dissertação contextualiza as licenças, tanto no tocante à legislação brasileira, quanto no que diz respeito às restrições de licenciamento, de forma a viabilizar a análise de compatibilidade que se segue. Casos de projetos proeminentes de software livre cujo desenvolvimento foi afetado pelas implicações mencionadas ilustram a investigação, que é complementada por uma análise de ferramentas e metodologias existentes que auxiliam na gestão dos aspectos de licenciamento. / The purpose of this Master thesis is to present the most common free software licenses, regarding their main legal and inter-compatibility aspects, to help people involved in software development understand the implications of these licenses when using them in their projects. It contextualizes the licenses, both in terms of the Brazilian legislation, and regarding licensing restrictions, to make the subsequent compatibility analysis possible. Cases of free and open source software in which development was affected by the mentioned implications illustrate the research, and it is complemented by an analysis of existing tools and methodologies that assist in the management of licensing issues.

El presente trabajo gira alrededor del mundo de los <i>Serious Games</i> (Juegos Serios) abarcando aspectos tales como campos de aplicación, herramientas disponibles para el desarrollo y un paneo acerca de las plataformas utilizadas para el desarrollo y para su utilización. En el capítulo 1 se explicará la organización del presente trabajo, en el capítulo 2 se analizarán algunos de los campos de aplicación donde se ve un importante desarrollo de los juegos serios, en el capítulo 3 se describirán algunas herramientas privativas y otras FLOSS (Free/Libre Open Source Software), en el capítulo 4 se hablará acerca de la ludificación/gamificación y en el capítulo 5 se describirán las conclusiones y posibles trabajos futuros.

Nesta tese de doutorado, apresentamos uma abordagem para a observação das métricas de código-fonte, estudando-as através de suas distribuições e associações, além de discutir as relações de causalidade e implicações práticas-gerenciais para monitoramento das mesmas. Em nossos estudos avaliamos a distribuição e correlações dos valores das métricas de 38 projetos de software livre, dentre os com mais contribuidores ativos em seus repositórios. Para tal, coletamos e analisamos os valores para cada métrica em mais de 344.872 classes e módulos dos projetos avaliados. Complementarmente, para mostrarmos a utilidade do monitoramento de métricas, descrevemos uma extensão e adaptação do modelo de causalidade do conceito de atratividade de projetos de software livre, que indica uma relação estatística entre os valores das métricas de código-fonte e a quantidade de downloads, contribuidores e atualizações (commits) nos repositórios dos projetos. Para isso, realizamos estudos empíricos com milhares de projetos de software livre. Do ponto de vista prático, também contribuímos com um conjunto de ferramentas inovador para a automação da avaliação de projetos de software livre, com ênfase nos estudos e na seleção de métricas, o que permite a análise de código-fonte de acordo com a percepção de qualidade das comunidades de software livre. Entre as principais contribuições desta tese está uma análise detalhada, em relação ao comportamento, valores e estudos de caso, de 15 métricas de código-fonte, o que representa um avanço em comparação a literatura relacionada ao ampliar o número de métricas avaliadas e propor uma abordagem que visa diminuir as contradições das análises das métricas. / In this Ph.D dissertation we present an approach about source code metrics tracking. We have researched source code metrics distributions and associations to discuss their causality and management-practices implications. Our studies have assessed distributions and correlations of source code metric values on 38 free software projects, which have a lot of activated contributors in their repositories. We have collected and analyzed metrics from 344,872 classes and modules of about 38 free software projects. Additionally, to show how it is useful to track source code metrics, we have extended the model of free software attractiveness to include source code metrics. Our technical attractiveness model indicates a statistical relationship between source code metrics and number of downloads, contributors, and commits in the analyzed free software repositories. For that, we have conducted empirical studies with 8,450 free software projects. From a practical point of view, we have contributed with a set of innovative tools for automated evaluation of free software projects. Our tool allow the analyses of source code metrics that mirror quality perceptions from the free software communities point of view.

台灣因地理位置、氣候與地形等因素，孕育了豐富的森林資源。林務局廣設永久樣區以瞭解森林資源之分布與蓄積情形，永久樣區每隔五年進行全面性調查，調查所得資料繁多，惟永久樣區之植物資源調查資料僅記錄樣區之坐標位置與樣區內植物之分布情形，並未建立相關圖面資料，以至於無法與其他圖籍資料進行套疊分析。 本研究以MapServer、Zope等自由軟體與自行開發之軟體工具，處理圖形與相關屬性資料，以建構符合OGC（Open Geospatial Consortium）提出之網路地圖服務（Web Map Service，WMS）與網路圖徵服務（Web Feature Service，WFS）規格的WebGIS伺服端系統，並且整合各項森林資源表簿調查資料與圖籍資料，建構一包含森林永久樣區與樣木之空間與屬性資料的森林資源調查管理系統，以提供管理者經營管理與規劃之良好工具。 / There are plentiful forest resources in Taiwan because of the unique geographic location, climate and terrain. In order to acquire the information of distribution and storage of forest resources, the Forest Bureau sets up a lot of sample plots, and these sample plots will be fully surveyed every five years. Numerous data were collected, however only the coordinates of sample plots and the distribution of vegetation within those sample plots were recorded. It is not possible to perform map overlay analysis with the other map data because of lacking spatial data of sample plots. In this research, a WebGIS (web-based GIS) system was developed entirely from free software including MapServer, Zope, Apache and PostgreSQL/PostGIS. This WebGIS system is based on the OGC OpenGIS architecture (WMS and WFS), therefore it is easy to share geospatial data with the other GIS systems for various applications. Furthermore, a forest resources management system was established, which integrates the attribute data from field investigation and generates spatial data of sample plots and sample trees automatically.

In this thesis work, we try to enhance an industry work simulator by developing a Free and Open source fault injecting and monitoring application. We present our experiences and ideas while participating in a work simulation. We implement some of these ideas to further enhance the simulation. We also try to connect these experiences to the fields of Human Com- puter Interaction (HCI), Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) and Ubiquitous Computing. / This thesis is mainly about developing a Fault injecting and Monitoring (FIM) application for supporting Work simulation environment. / Mobile number: 0739225562 (Sweden) vikas.vikky@gmail.com

Nesta tese de doutorado, apresentamos uma abordagem para a observação das métricas de código-fonte, estudando-as através de suas distribuições e associações, além de discutir as relações de causalidade e implicações práticas-gerenciais para monitoramento das mesmas. Em nossos estudos avaliamos a distribuição e correlações dos valores das métricas de 38 projetos de software livre, dentre os com mais contribuidores ativos em seus repositórios. Para tal, coletamos e analisamos os valores para cada métrica em mais de 344.872 classes e módulos dos projetos avaliados. Complementarmente, para mostrarmos a utilidade do monitoramento de métricas, descrevemos uma extensão e adaptação do modelo de causalidade do conceito de atratividade de projetos de software livre, que indica uma relação estatística entre os valores das métricas de código-fonte e a quantidade de downloads, contribuidores e atualizações (commits) nos repositórios dos projetos. Para isso, realizamos estudos empíricos com milhares de projetos de software livre. Do ponto de vista prático, também contribuímos com um conjunto de ferramentas inovador para a automação da avaliação de projetos de software livre, com ênfase nos estudos e na seleção de métricas, o que permite a análise de código-fonte de acordo com a percepção de qualidade das comunidades de software livre. Entre as principais contribuições desta tese está uma análise detalhada, em relação ao comportamento, valores e estudos de caso, de 15 métricas de código-fonte, o que representa um avanço em comparação a literatura relacionada ao ampliar o número de métricas avaliadas e propor uma abordagem que visa diminuir as contradições das análises das métricas. / In this Ph.D dissertation we present an approach about source code metrics tracking. We have researched source code metrics distributions and associations to discuss their causality and management-practices implications. Our studies have assessed distributions and correlations of source code metric values on 38 free software projects, which have a lot of activated contributors in their repositories. We have collected and analyzed metrics from 344,872 classes and modules of about 38 free software projects. Additionally, to show how it is useful to track source code metrics, we have extended the model of free software attractiveness to include source code metrics. Our technical attractiveness model indicates a statistical relationship between source code metrics and number of downloads, contributors, and commits in the analyzed free software repositories. For that, we have conducted empirical studies with 8,450 free software projects. From a practical point of view, we have contributed with a set of innovative tools for automated evaluation of free software projects. Our tool allow the analyses of source code metrics that mirror quality perceptions from the free software communities point of view.

Information and communication technologies (ICT) are having a rapid and increasing impact on all K-12 schools as school districts attempt, in a myriad of ways, to keep pace with the technological changes taking place in society. Unfortunately, this impact is increasingly a financial one as financial challenges continue to figure among the most extensive barriers to ICT use (Plante & Beattie, 2004). This research explores ICT options that are cost effective to our educational institutions and our communities while maintaining high functioning and sustainable technology for students and educators. Low-cost alternative technologies such as Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) and cloud computing lessen the socio-economic divide between students, encourage the sharing of technological advancements and collaboration and allow teachers to freely and legally give their students access to software necessary for success. In addition to the potential benefits of this technology’s use in an educational setting, this research also addresses the pragmatic aspects of introducing these tools district-wide. Complexity theory is utilized to lend an understanding of how to look at technological changes within the context of society as a whole, within enabling constraints that create the conditions for the emergence of new patterns of teacher, student, task and content interactions. This complexity frame informs themes in the study such as: (1) the importance of forward-thinking technology from recursive feedback loops on decision-making and planning in order to “keep up” with technological changes outside of school, (2) the critical impact educational leaders have on the change environment when both introducing these technologies into a school district and providing enabling conditions so that new ways of teaching and learning with technology can emerge and (3) the effect changing technological systems and support infrastructures have on enabling new teaching and learning processes. / Graduate / 0710 / 0524 / 0533 / katyconnelly@gmail.com

Les motivacions entorn al programari lliure han estat sempre un tema de gran interès, sent la pregunta més obvia, "perquè les persones treballen de forma gratuïta?". Les motivacions dels desenvolupadors han estat establertes (per exemple, von Hippel (2001), Lerner and Tirole (2002)). De la mateixa manera que ho han estat per a les empreses grans i petites que adopten programari lliure basat en models de negoci (per exemple, Lakhani and von Hippel, 2003; Fitzgerald, 2006; Krishnamurthy, 2004). No obstant això, un nombre cada vegada més elevat de les PIMES amb estratègies que no estan directament relacionades amb aquest model de negoci estan contribuint a les comunitats de programari lliure. En aquest estudi s'investiga les motivacions d'aquestes empreses des d'un punt de vista de comportament mitjançant un model d'investigació basat en TPB (Theory of Planned Behavior). Hem demostrat que factors com la "obertura" d'una PIME, la importància percebuda del programari lliure, els desenvolupadors (empleats) d'una PIME, juntament amb l'ambient extern, podrien influir en la decisió d'una PIME a participar en comunitats de programari lliure. A més, hem demostrat que es poden identificar algunes diferències entre empreses d'alta base tecnològica i empreses amb poca base tecnològica. Aquestes conclusions poden ajudar governs nacionals o regionals per millorar el disseny de polítiques per tal d'incentivar l'ús i la participació de les empreses en les comunitats de programari lliure. Especialment ara, degut a la forta crisi econòmica que pateix Europa, el programari lliure pot ser una solució adequada per a fomentar la innovació. / Motivations in FLOSS have always been a subject of great interest, by starting with the most obvious question, “why people work for free?”. The motivations of developers have been well established (eg von Hippel (2001), Lerner and Tirole 2002). The same exists also for big and small companies adopting FLOSS based Business Models (eg Lakhani and von Hippel, 2003; Fitzgerald 2006; Krishnamurthy, 2004). However an increasing number of SMEs with strategies not directly related to the Business Model are contributing to FLOSS communities. In this study we try to investigate these motivations under a behavioral perspective by using a research model based on TPB (Theory of Planned Behavior). We demonstrated that factors like the “openness” of a SME, the perceived importance of FLOSS, the developers (employees) of a SME along with the external environment of a SME, could influence the decision of a SME to participate in FLOSS communities. Also, we have demonstrated that some differences can be identified between high tech firms and non high tech firms. These findings can help national or regional governments to design better policies in order to better promote the use and the participation of firms to FLOSS communities. Especially now, in times of heavy economical crisis in Europe, FLOSS can be an adequate solution to foster innovation.

Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) licences channel the exclusionary and individualising force of copyright to establish a qualitatively different, somewhat subversive, system for the exploitation of software. This thesis examines how it is that FOSS licences establish this 'system within a system' under both German and United States law. The inquiry begins with a detailed examination of FOSS licence templates as the instruments which transform code from its default position as the 'res' of proprietary relations to its status as 'open' or 'free'. The thesis then considers whether FOSS licence templates, as the legal basis for this subversive move, are valid and enforceable under domestic law. In addressing this question, the thesis undertakes a critical analysis of the leading case law in each jurisdiction. Going beyond the immediate case law, the thesis considers the broader systemic effects of FOSS licence enforcement. It highlights how building a system within a system foments certain tensions and contradictions within the law, in turn giving rise to unintended consequences and legal uncertainty. By highlighting these tensions, the thesis argues that the questions of FOSS licence enforcement in Germany and the United States may not be as settled as some may think.

The subject of this thesis is open source software and free software in term of utilization for business. The goal is to provide conditions and areas suitable for using of open source software and free software. The theoretical part gives basic terms, a list of organizations active in this area, classification of free software and a comparison of particular free software licenses. The practical part includes results of two inquiries of free software using: 1) personally made inquiry in Czech firms, 2) Internet inquiry of users. Further, a search of available free programmes has been made -- in term of utilization. The main benefit of the work is an evaluation of business opportunities for free software in particular utilization areas and determination of business models suitable for them. In the framework of this work, the author made an Internet portal on free software - to make the results of the work and external sources available to the public.