Denna uppsats undersöker inkomna intresseanmälningar till Finlandskommittén av år 1941 för tjänstgöring i Finska armén under fortsättningskriget. Det övergripande syftet är att ta reda på varför människor anmäler sig som frivilliga till krig genom att jämföra det välutforskade vinterkriget med fortsättningskriget. Undersökningen består av två delar där den första är en kvantitativ del för att ta reda på vilka som sökte sig som frivilliga. Den andra delen utgörs av en kvalitativ textanalys för att hitta vilka motiv personerna anger i sina brev, och på så sätt ta reda på varför man sökte sig till fortsättningskriget. Resultaten tyder på att de flesta som sökte sig till militärtjänstgöring var aktiva militärer och ungefär en tredjedel hade även tjänstgjort i Finland under vinterkriget. De motiv som framkommer är mestadels en vilja att försvara Finland och Norden mot kommunism på samma sätt som under vinterkriget, trots att det politiska och militära läget var helt annorlunda 1941.

In the summer of 2018, Sweden was taken by surprise and engulfed by forest fires on an unprecedented scale. Various forms of crisis volunteerism (CV) proved essential in the large scale response that ensued. Previous information systems (IS) research gives insights, both theoretically and practically, on the potential of IS and digitalisation to enhance and support crisis response. However, the forest fires demonstrated that CV practices and practitioners in Sweden have practically no such support. CV is, in other words, an essential part of the crisis response system, but unsupported by dedicated digitalisation. The aim of this thesis is therefore to understand what is required to enable a digital transformation (DT) that will significantly improve CV practice and the overall crisis response system. Sweden is not unique in this respect. From an international perspective, IS research devotes much attention to the area of crisis response. However, this is most commonly done using the perspective and needs of crisis management stakeholders as a departing point. Also, despite research on and the availability of IS solutions, the degree of practical implementation would appear to be low. This thesis is therefore also based on the perceived knowledge gap that the lack of IS and digitalisation supporting CV is, in part, a result of the lack of research focus on volunteer stakeholders and the CV practice itself. Another gap noted is the lack of knowledge regarding the real-world practice of CV which contributes to undermining the development and use of IS solutions for CV. This thesis, therefore, provides a much needed holistic understanding of real-world CV. This understanding moves the perspective of volunteer stakeholders to the forefront without losing the perspective of crisis management. This has been done via an empirical study in the aftermath of the Swedish forest fires crisis as well as via studies of international IS literature on crisis response and CV. This has resulted in a unique holistic and comprehensive model that relates to the complexity, dynamics and emergence involved in CV practice. Via this model it is possible to relate specific parts or aspects of CV practice, to the whole practice area and continue modelling attributes in greater detail, as required, depending on DT or IS design needs. Underlying the focus in this thesis lies a mild critique of previous IS research with more reductionist approaches, whereby the relevance of broader contextual understandings has been downplayed. The thesis aligns with perspectives on digitalisation and IS design, proposing the relevance of developing broader holistic understandings of research topics. That is, understandings that have greater potential to reveal how phenomena come into being and are adapted in environmental contexts. DT is understood in terms of a process whereby broader understandings of phenomena are used to identify needs (triggers), strategies and capabilities that will inform IS design initiatives. An analytical framework depicting this process and its main components and relationships has been designed in this thesis to contribute to an understanding of what is required to digitally transform CV practice. In summary, the thesis provides a new holistic approach and understanding for the CV practice area and how it may be digitally transformed. The thesis also contributes to a new perspective on DT, applied to a complex and non-organisation based setting. This knowledge is of relevance to both practitioners and IS researchers in crisis response and CV. The CV practice meta-model and the analytical framework for digital transformation can be used to enable and inform future digital transformation strategies and policy in Sweden and internationally. They can also contribute to guiding the initiation of practical IS design initiatives, with greater potential to enhance and improve both CV and overall crisis response. The research was performed within the information systems (IS) discipline.

Denna uppsats behandlar företags ansvar och samarbeten för ”Corporate Social Responsibility” (CSR) mellan frivilligorganisationer och företag. Arbetet är en fallstudie utförd i Argentina med syftet att studera frivilligorganisationers syn på företags ansvar. Syftet är även att undersöka om ett samarbete skulle kunna innebära att ett företags CSR-arbete stärks. Metodvalet för studien är semi-strukturerade intervjuer med representanter för NGO:s i Argentina som arbetar med CSR. Intervjuerna har analyserats med hjälp av kategorianalys utifrån de teorier för företags ansvar som presenterats. Precis som många av teorierna definierar informanterna företags ansvar utifrån de behov och rättigheter som ett företags ”stakeholders” kan sägas ha. Studien visar vidare att ansvaret sträcker sig längre än att endast följa lagen, företaget ska även vara en god ”coporate citizen”. Ett samarbete är dock inte problemfritt eftersom organisationens legitimitet och självständighet sätts på spel i utbyte mot möjligheten att påverka företaget inifrån. Av de fyra organisationerna i studien menar representanterna för tre av dem att ett företags CSR-arbete stärks genom ett samarbete och att det kunskapsutbyte som är resultatet av samarbetet är mycket värdefullt. Den fjärde organisationen ser inte samarbete som ett alternativ utan har istället valt att påverka staten för att få den att skapa ett strängare kontrollsystem för företags verksamhet. / This essay deals with the responsibilities of corporations and partnerships for “Corporate Social Responsibility” (CSR) between NGO:s and companies. The work is a case-study taking place in Argentina with the purpose to study the view NGO:s has on corporate responsibility. Further on the purpose is to investigate if partnerships could mean a strengthening of a company´s work for CSR. The method of choice is semi-structured interviews with NGO representatives in Argentina that work with CSR. The interviews have been analyzed through a category-analysis based on the theories on corporate responsibility presented. Just like many of the theories the interviewees define a company´s responsibility through the needs and rights that could be considered given to a company´s stakeholders. The study also shows that the responsibility goes further than obeying the law, the company should also be a good corporate citizen. A partnership is though not without problems since the legitimacy and independence of the organization are put in jeopardy in exchange for the possibility to influence the company from the inside. Of the four organizations in the study the representatives of three of them consider that a company´s work for CSR is strengthened through a partnership and that the exchange of knowledge that is the result of the partnership is greatly treasured. The fourth organization doesn´t see cooperation as an alternative but has chosen to influence the state to have it create a stronger system of control for a company´s operation.