L’étude chronologique et thématique des votes frontistes lors des scrutins nationaux et intermédiaires dans quarante-six petites communes rurales de l’Ouest héraultais entre 1984 et 2014, complétée par un travail monographique sur cinq d’entre-elles a permis de mettre en évidence l’importance relativement restreinte de ces votes jusqu’en 2011, hormis dans un « noyau dur » de communes, précocement constitué, mais de faible importance démographique. L’arrivée de Marine Le Pen à la présidence du Front national coïncide avec une période de croissance continue des votes frontistes et avec leur généralisation à la quasi-totalité des communes ciblées, ce qui serait en faveur d’un réalignement électoral. Les transformations structurelles des communes, marquées par la baisse rapide du secteur agricole et la montée du salariat en lien avec le secteur des services, apparaissent comme l’un des facteurs favorables de cette croissance. Le FN, n’étant pas à ce jour un parti de gouvernement pour diverses raisons dont les principales sont le mode de scrutin uninominal à deux tours et le manque d’alliance, les succès électoraux qu’il obtient sont très largement basés sur la confiance dans des promesses. Cette donnée rend difficile de prévoir la pérennité à long terme d’une implantation, d’autant que les communes étudiées font actuellement l’objet de transformations administratives importantes avec le risque pour certaines de disparaître. / The chronological and thematic study of the votes supporting the National Front party during the national and intermediate ballots in forty six small rural districts on the west of the department of the Hérault, between 1984 and 2014, completed by a monographic work on five of them allowed to highlight the importance relatively restricted by these votes until 2011, except in a "hard core" of municipalities prematurely constituted but of weak demographic importance. The arrival of Marine Le Pen to the chair of the National Front coincides with a period of continuous growth of the votes supporting the National Front party and their generalization in almost all of the targeted municipalities which plead for an effective electoral realignment. The structural transformations of the municipalities, characterized by the fast reduction in the farming sector and the rise of the wage-earning in connection with the service sector, appear as one of the favorable factors of this growth. The FN, not being this day a party of government for various reasons, whose main clauses are the uninominal voting system in two ballots and the lack of alliances, the electoral successes which it obtains are very widely based on the confidence in promises. This fact makes difficult to plan the long-term sustainability of a setting-up, especially since studied districts even are at present the object of important administrative transformations with the risk for some to disappear. / El estudio cronológico y temático de los votos frontistes durante las elecciones nacionales y locales en cuarenta y seis pequeños municipios rurales del oeste del departamento de Hérault entre 1984 y 2014, completado con un trabajo monográfico sobre cinco de ellos, ha permitido poner de manifestio la importancia relativamente pequeña de estos votos hasta 2011, exceptó en un núcleo de comunas constituido temprana pero de menor importancia demográfica. Cón la llegada de Marine Le Pen a la presidencia del Fronte Nacional coincide un periodó de continuo crecimiento de los votos frontistes y de su generalización a la práctica totalidad de los municipios focales, lo que aboga por un reajuste electoral. Las transformaciónes estructurales de las comunas se caracterizan por el rapido descenso del sector agricola y el aumento del asalariado relacionado con los servicios, que aparecen comó unos de los factores favorables de este crecimiento. Hasta ahora, el FN no estando un partido de gobierno por diversas razones, cuyas principales son el modo de escrutinio uninominal a dos vueltas y la falta de alianza, sus éxitos electorales se debe en gran medida por la confianza en suas promesas. Este echo produce dificultades para pronosticar la viabilitad a largo plazo de su implantación. Tanto màs cuanto que los municipios estudiados estan actualmente objeto de importantes transformaciones administrativas, con un riesgo en algunos casos de desaparecer.

The aim of this study is to describe the characteristics of right-wing populist parties in Europe. The three parties included in the study are the Swedish Democrats (SD), the British National Party (BNP) and the National Front (NF) in France. The study includes a definition of right-wing populism based on previous research and from that an ideal type of a right-wing populist party has been created. The material used in the study to verify how well the parties were consistent to the ideal type and what similarities and differences the parties in the study have are the parties’ political programs and policies. The conclusion of the results is that the parties fit the ideal type even if they differ in a few certain aspects. The BNP is the party most similar to the ideal type, followed by the NF and then the SD.

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Islamophobia and New Populism in Contemporary Western Europe: France and the Netherlands Bc. Martina Kočařová The Master thesis Islamophobia and New Populism in Contemporary Western Europe: France and the Netherlands explores current transformations of populism in contemporary Western Europe. The main objectives of the thesis are following: First, to verify a hypothesis implying that islamophobia has become a new feature of the contemporary populism, which has been consequently changing in terms of its content. Thus, it can hardly be classified as another form of the 'far right' politics. In this context, one may observe its shift towards the centre of the political party system. Second, based on the above outlined assumption, we aim to study whether the populist parties can be considered 'populist' in spite of the new features they have recently adopted. The theoretical framework of our research refers to Paul Taggart's conceptualisation of populism applying it on the cases of the French National Front under the lead of Marine Le Pen and the Dutch Party for Freedom and his leader Geert Wilders.

The rise of populism is one of the most significant political phenomena of the last decade. Although populism has been studied from various perspectives, especially in recent years, there is still number of unresolved issues related to the phenomenon. One of them is a question of the relation between right-wing and left-wing populist policies. In this context, the thesis deals with the case of the 2017 French presidential election. In this vote, both right- wing populist Marine Le Pen and left-wing populist Jean-Luc Mélenchon achieved extraordinary political success. The thesis examines policy content of the selected thematic areas that the candidates were focusing on during the election campaign. It specifically examines electoral programs and media statements of the candidates as the sources of their policies. The thesis provides an analysis of the policy content of individual candidates, as well as a comparison of the policies in the selected thematic areas. Its main output is a description of the common and different features of the pre-election promises of the two selected populist politicians.