Bullying in schools is a big social problem in today’s society and it affects the children exposed in a very negative way. The aim of my paper is to find out if there is a group of students who gets bullied by other students more often than others. I want to study if children with functional disabilities get more bullied than children without functional disabilities and,if this is the case – why is it so? My questions are: Are children with functional disabilities particularly exposed to bullying? How is bullying prevented? In order to get my results I have made three qualitative interviews and analyzed two debate articles concerning bullying of the disabled. My theoretical approach emanates from social constructivism where relations between people are built on lingual interaction. Furthermore, I have raised the topic of social development. In order to achieve a healthy social development it is important that children feel that they belong to a group. In my paper, I have come to the conclusion that children with functional disorders probably are bullied more often than other children, especially those with a mental disability. A child with a social divergent behaviour is often considered strange among other children, and this may be a reason for bullying. School staff must prioritize their efforts to actively prevent bullying in their daily work. According to my opinion they must pay special attention to those who bullies when they carry out this preventive work.

<p>I denna rapport kommer du som läsare kunna ta del av en redogörelse över det arbete som den undertecknade gruppen har utfört i kursen KPP305, Examensarbete produktutveckling, 30hp. Detta arbete har sin grund från en tidigare läst kurs, på Mälardalens Högskola, som gick under namnet Industridesign 2. Under denna kurs utdelades en uppgift som bestod i att ”möjliggöra musicerande för funktionshindrade”, och gruppen tog därmed fram ett visuellt koncept över ett fotanpassat instrument för människor med rörelsehinder i överkroppen. Detta examensarbete kan ses som en fortsättning på den just nämnda uppgiften.</p><p>Under hela projektet har gruppen haft en nära dialog tillsammans med människor som befinner sig inom berörande branscher såsom instrumentbyggare, reumatiker, funktionshindrade med flera. En annan person som även varit till stor hjälp under projektet är gruppens handledare, Jan Frohm, som funnits där med tips och fungerat som ett bollplank vad gäller idéer och tankar gruppen haft angående projektet.</p><p>Målet med examensarbetet var att fortsätta det arbete gruppen åstadkommit i tidigare kurs och på så vis komma fram till en slutgiltig lösning till detta. Anledningen till att gruppen valde att fortsätta arbeta med detta projekt var att de fann det viktigt att alla människor, oavsett funktions‐ eller rörelsehinder skall ha möjligheten att musicera.</p><p>Gruppen har med en omfattande research, kontakter, ett antal avgörande intervjuer och ett flertal olika produktutvecklingsverktyg kommit fram till en lösning som svarar upp till det problem gruppen från början ställt upp. Projektet resulterade i en framtagen prototyp över ett instrument, som gruppen valt att kalla för Funkinstrument (instrument för funktionshindrade), som är ämnat för människor som lider av någon form av rörelsehinder i armar/händer, eller lider av reumatism. Gruppen själva är väldigt nöjda över hur resultatet utmynnade, samt över sin insats i detta examensarbete.</p> / <p>In this report, you as a reader will be able to take note of a statement of the work the group has performed in the course KPP305, <em>Examensarbete i Produktutveckling </em>(Master Thesis Work in Product development), 30hp. This work is based on an assignment from an earlier course, at Mälardalen University, known as <em>Industridesign 2 </em>(Industrial design 2nd). During this course the group was awarded a task which was to "give disabled people the opportunity to make music”, and the group thus developed a visual concept over an instrument which was custom made for people with disabilities in their upper body. This thesis can be seen as a continuation of the justmentioned task.</p><p>The group has through the whole project had close dialogue to people in different industries, such as people from disability associations, instrument makers, rheumatics and disabled people with several. Someone else who also been very helpful during the project is the group's supervisor, Jan Frohm, ho been there with advice and acted as a sounding board to the ideas and thoughts the group had about the project.</p><p> The objective of the project was to continue the work which the group achieved in previous course, and thus arrive at a definitive solution to it. The reason why the group chose to continue working on this project was that they found it important that all people, regardless of functional or physical disabilities must have the ability to make music.</p><p>The group has through an extensive research, contacts, a number of key interviews and a variety of tools for product development been able to come up with a solution that meets up to the problems which was set in the beginning of the project. The project resulted in a prototype of an instrument, which the group decided to call for <em>Funkinstrument</em>, which is intended for people who suffer from some form of disability in the arms and/or hands, or suffer from rheumatism. The group itself is very pleased with the outcome of the project, and of its efforts in this thesis.</p>

I denna rapport kommer du som läsare kunna ta del av en redogörelse över det arbete som den undertecknade gruppen har utfört i kursen KPP305, Examensarbete produktutveckling, 30hp. Detta arbete har sin grund från en tidigare läst kurs, på Mälardalens Högskola, som gick under namnet Industridesign 2. Under denna kurs utdelades en uppgift som bestod i att ”möjliggöra musicerande för funktionshindrade”, och gruppen tog därmed fram ett visuellt koncept över ett fotanpassat instrument för människor med rörelsehinder i överkroppen. Detta examensarbete kan ses som en fortsättning på den just nämnda uppgiften. Under hela projektet har gruppen haft en nära dialog tillsammans med människor som befinner sig inom berörande branscher såsom instrumentbyggare, reumatiker, funktionshindrade med flera. En annan person som även varit till stor hjälp under projektet är gruppens handledare, Jan Frohm, som funnits där med tips och fungerat som ett bollplank vad gäller idéer och tankar gruppen haft angående projektet. Målet med examensarbetet var att fortsätta det arbete gruppen åstadkommit i tidigare kurs och på så vis komma fram till en slutgiltig lösning till detta. Anledningen till att gruppen valde att fortsätta arbeta med detta projekt var att de fann det viktigt att alla människor, oavsett funktions‐ eller rörelsehinder skall ha möjligheten att musicera. Gruppen har med en omfattande research, kontakter, ett antal avgörande intervjuer och ett flertal olika produktutvecklingsverktyg kommit fram till en lösning som svarar upp till det problem gruppen från början ställt upp. Projektet resulterade i en framtagen prototyp över ett instrument, som gruppen valt att kalla för Funkinstrument (instrument för funktionshindrade), som är ämnat för människor som lider av någon form av rörelsehinder i armar/händer, eller lider av reumatism. Gruppen själva är väldigt nöjda över hur resultatet utmynnade, samt över sin insats i detta examensarbete. / In this report, you as a reader will be able to take note of a statement of the work the group has performed in the course KPP305, Examensarbete i Produktutveckling (Master Thesis Work in Product development), 30hp. This work is based on an assignment from an earlier course, at Mälardalen University, known as Industridesign 2 (Industrial design 2nd). During this course the group was awarded a task which was to "give disabled people the opportunity to make music”, and the group thus developed a visual concept over an instrument which was custom made for people with disabilities in their upper body. This thesis can be seen as a continuation of the justmentioned task. The group has through the whole project had close dialogue to people in different industries, such as people from disability associations, instrument makers, rheumatics and disabled people with several. Someone else who also been very helpful during the project is the group's supervisor, Jan Frohm, ho been there with advice and acted as a sounding board to the ideas and thoughts the group had about the project.  The objective of the project was to continue the work which the group achieved in previous course, and thus arrive at a definitive solution to it. The reason why the group chose to continue working on this project was that they found it important that all people, regardless of functional or physical disabilities must have the ability to make music. The group has through an extensive research, contacts, a number of key interviews and a variety of tools for product development been able to come up with a solution that meets up to the problems which was set in the beginning of the project. The project resulted in a prototype of an instrument, which the group decided to call for Funkinstrument, which is intended for people who suffer from some form of disability in the arms and/or hands, or suffer from rheumatism. The group itself is very pleased with the outcome of the project, and of its efforts in this thesis.

En person som har insatser enligt LSS (Lagen om stöd och service till vissa funktionshindrade) kan möta många olika aktörer i sin vardag. Studien avsåg att undersöka hur samverkan fungerar mellan aktörerna inom LSS. Frågeställningar behandlade två frågor som handlade om främjande faktorer och hämmande faktorer för samverkan. Urvalet begränsades till personer som arbetar nära brukare och mer eller mindre på daglig basis ser dennes behov av stöd. Verksamhetschef, boendestödjare och platsansvarigchef är de aktörer som har en övergripande bild av samverkan. Utifrån semistrukturerade intervjuer och en tematisk analys genererades 7 teman. Främjande faktorer var gemensam värdegrund, tydlighet och strukturerade rutiner, verksamhetsmål, ömsesidigt samförstånd och förtroende. Hämmande faktorer var lagar och förordningar, brist på kommunikation samt brist på kunskap. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att för en välfungerande samverkan, behövs det samsyn kring aktörernas olikheter. Goda relationer och respekt för varandras uppdrag och regelverk är central i samverkan.

The aim of the study is to examine the possibilities and limits that the employees working in sheltered workshops perceive as they work with individual clients. Thus, in order to get a better understanding of which strategies are achieving the goal of insertion in the labor market. From a qualitative approach, the study was conducted through six interviews with representatives currently working in sheltered workshops in a community situated in the south of Sweden. The results of the study relates to the process known as ”role exit” theory of Ebaugh, new institutional theory of Johansson and Svensson, Johnsson and Laanemets. Further, accounts theory of Scott and Lyman and Knutagård were used to analyze our data. The study shows that the employees plays an important role in the process which individuals with disabilities go through in order to be established in the labor market. Additional, the study shows that there are limits related to both the capability of the individual and the lack of resources. In conclusion, the study shows that there are no explicit strategies to reach from the sheltered workshop to the labor market.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:56:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Agda Malheiro Ferraz de Carvalho.pdf: 1068504 bytes, checksum: e5fe279cce1332da2e518398a83a4741 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this study was to gain knowledge about the professional practice of school inclusion agents (SIAs), in order to understand the senses and meanings constructed by one of them about his job. It is worth mentioning that the term SIAs refers to persons that provide assistance and care to students with disabilities attending regular schools. The research was conducted in a small county near the city of São Paulo (SP), where the SIA (Joseph) was interviewed. The data was recorded, transcribed, systematized and analyzed following the proposal of Aguiar and Ozella (2006, 2013) and Aguiar, Machado and Soares (2015), authors linked to the Sociocultural Psychology. It was found that Joseph came to the profession through public tender, with little information about what his task should be. Doing it, he came to realize the need to improve his interventions with the students, so that they could be active participants in the teaching-learning-evaluation process. The respondent s many frustrations seem to arise from the ambiguity between what he does and what he believes he should do, since he perceived the difficulties faced by students with disabilities and also those involved in dealing with them. Thus, the understanding of what is to be and to act as an SIA can help to better define what is expected of them in terms of providing support and education to students with functional differences, an essential feature of a truly inclusive education / O objetivo deste estudo foi ampliar os conhecimentos acerca da atuação profissional de agentes de inclusão escolar (AIEs), buscando apreender sentidos e significados dessa atuação. Vale dizer que o termo AIE nomeia os profissionais de apoio ou auxiliares, que atuam nas escolas regulares, junto aos alunos com deficiência. A pesquisa foi realizada em um município da Grande São Paulo, onde se entrevistou um agente de inclusão escolar (José); foi também gravada, transcrita, sistematizada e analisada na perspectiva seguindo a proposta de Aguiar e Ozella (2006, 2013) e Aguiar, Soares e Machado (2015), autores vinculados à Psicologia Sociohistórica. Nesse sentido, construíram-se núcleos de significação, que permitem maior aproximação das zonas de sentido. Na análise de dados, constatou-se que José chegou à profissão por meio de concurso público, com poucas informações sobre qual seria seu trabalho. Ao realizá-lo, percebeu a necessidade de aprimorar suas intervenções junto aos alunos para que eles participassem efetivamente do processo de ensino-aprendizagem. As muitas frustrações do entrevistado parecem decorrer da ambiguidade entre o que ele faz e o que acredita ser sua função, na medida em que se dá conta das dificuldades enfrentadas pelos alunos com deficiência e, também, das suas ao com eles lidar. Assim, a compreensão do que é ser e agir como um AIE pode auxiliar a melhor definir o que se espera desse profissional em termos de atendimento às necessidades de apoio aos alunos com diferenças funcionais, na expectativa de se alcançar uma educação efetivamente inclusiva

Bakgrund: Erkända globala och nationella dokument framhåller sexualitet som en mänsklig rättighet. Trots detta förbises personer med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning (IF) rätt till sin sexualitet. Förbiseendet medför bland annat att de får bristande stöd av personal i detta viktiga livsområde varpå deras möjlighet att uttrycka sin sexuella identitet minimeras. Syfte: Studien syftar till att undersöka personals upplevelser av att bemöta personer med IF:s sexualitet inom bostäder med särskild service enligt LSS utifrån sin kunskap och kompetens, samt vad de ser för eventuellt kompetensbehov. Metod: Vi har använt en kvalitativ forskningsdesign och intervjuat sju kommunalt anställda personer inom bostäder med särskild service. Alla informanter har erfarenhet av att arbeta med LSS personkrets ett och några även av personkrets tre. Studiens insamlade empiri har analyserats med hjälp av tematisk analys och slutligen har vi tolkat vårt resultat med hjälp av ett socialkonstruktivistiskt perspektiv på sexualitet och teorier om professionellt handlingsutrymme. Resultat: Studien visar att informanterna har begränsad kunskap och färdigheter i att bemöta sexuella behov hos personer med IF. Dessutom framkommer en övergripande tabukänsla kring ämnet sexualitet med tystnadskultur som följd. Riktlinjer och vägledningsdokument saknas att luta sig emot samt bristande stöd från ledning framkommer. Informanterna uttrycker en stor osäkerhet kring att vara ett sexuellt stöd och efterfrågar omfattande kompetensutveckling för att de ska känna sig kunskapsmässigt och rättsligt säkra att arbeta med sexualitet. Slutsats: För att förbättra stödet och möjligheterna för personer med IF att få vara sexuella personer och bli erkända som sådana på ett respektfullt sätt, krävs det bättre utbildning, riktlinjer samt lagstöd för personalen. Det är också viktigt att arbeta mot de fördomar och tabun som råder kring sexualitet och IF, så att människor med IF inte stigmatiseras och marginaliseras ytterligare. Detta är ett område där personal och samhället som helhet har en avgörande roll, genom att se till att alla individer har rätt till sin sexuella identitet och sina sexuella behov. / Background: Nationally and globally established documents accentuate sexuality as a human right. Although this is the case, people with intellectual disabilities (ID) are shunned regarding their rights to their own sexuality. This precedence leads to caregivers, tasked with supporting intellectually disabled service users, to neglect helping them in this field, giving them less opportunities to express their own sexual identities. Purpose: This study aims to evaluate caregivers experiences when it comes to addressing sexuality in the residential homes of the people with IDs that they support, as well as what competence they deem as necessary to handle such situations. Method: In this qualitative study we have interviewed seven municipally employed, tasked with supporting people with ID within group homes. The empirical data we've collected has been analyzed with the help of a thematic analysis, for which our result has been interpreted while using social constructivist perspectives on sexuality and theories on professional discretion. Results: The study shows that the informants have limited knowledge and lack of skill when it comes to assisting people with ID with their sexualities, as well as coping with the stigma related to the topic sexuality and the culture of silence that follows. Most workplaces lack guidance documents and rules regarding the topic of sexuality and a lack of support from managers. Conclusion: To better help shape the support needs and possibilities of people with ID, allowing them to voice their sexualities and being recognized as sexual beings in a respectful manner; education, guidance, overall rules and regulations are needed for the caregivers tasked to work with them. This is an area where the caregivers and society as a whole have a deciding role, making sure that all people, no matter their abilities, are allowed to express themselves sexually. It is also important that society keeps on working against the taboo that is related to disabled people and sexual expression, which could lead to being stigmatized more than what they already are.