The physiological benefits of flaxseed against pathological disturbances, such as cancers and heart diseases, are mainly attributed to its high lignan content. This study (Experiment 1) examined the application of pressurized low polarity water (PLPW) for extraction of lignans, proteins and carbohydrates from defatted flaxseed meal. Key processing conditions included temperature (130, 160, 190°C), solvent pH (4, 6.5 and 9), solvent to solid ratio (S/S) (90, 150 and 210 mL/g) and introduction of co-packing material (0 and 3 g glass beads). The addition of 3 g glass beads as co-packing material facilitated extraction by enhancing surface contact between the liquid and solid thus shortening extraction time. Elevated temperature accelerated the extraction rate by increasing the solid diffusion coefficient thereby reducing the extraction time. The maximum yield of lignans (99 %) was obtained at temperatures ranging from 160°C to 190°C, with solvent volume of 180 mL (90 mL/g meal) at pH 9. Optimal conditions for protein extraction (70 %) were pH 9, extraction volume of 420 mL (210 mL/g meal) and 160°C. Total carbohydrates yield was maximized at 50% recovery at pH 4 and 160°C with 420 mL solvent (210 mL/g meal). Increased temperature accelerated extraction, thus reducing solvent volume and time to reach equilibrium. For the extraction of proteins, however, a temperature of 130-160°C is recommended, as proteins are vulnerable to thermal degradation due to heat decomposition. The effects of flow rate and geometric dimensions for extraction of lignans and other flaxseed meal bioactives were further investigated in Experiment 2, based on the variables optimized in the previous experiment. Defatted flaxseed meal was extracted with pH 9 buffered water with meal to co-packing glass beads ratio of 1:1.5 at 5.2 MPa (750 psi) and 180°C. The aqueous extracts were analyzed for lignan, protein and carbohydrate using HPLC and colorimetric methods. The optimal extraction yields for lignan, protein and carbohydrate were found at flow rates of 1 to 2 mL/min with bed depth between 20 and 26 cm and a S/S ratio of 40 to 100 mL/g. The combination of low flow rate and high bed depth allowed the use of lower S/S ratio with reduced total solvent volume consumption. This study also evaluated the mass transfer kinetics governing the process of lignan extraction from flaxseed meal in a fixed bed extraction cell. Diffusion of solute into the continuously flowing solvent was mainly responsible for the mass transfer mechanism as flow rate did not increase proportionally with the yield and rate of extraction. The extraction kinetics were studied on the basis of two approaches: Fick’s diffusion equation and a two-site exponential kinetic model. The proposed two-site exponential kinetic model corresponding to the two-stage extraction (rapid and slow phases) successfully described the experimental data. Diffusivities attained from Fick’s diffusion model ranged from 2 x 10-13 to 9 x 10-13 m2s-1 while mass transfer coefficients were between 4.5 x 10-8 and 2.3 x 10-7 ms-1 for extraction of lignans at 180°C, pH 9 with 1:1.5 meal to co-packing material ratio. / February 2007

The physiological benefits of flaxseed against pathological disturbances, such as cancers and heart diseases, are mainly attributed to its high lignan content. This study (Experiment 1) examined the application of pressurized low polarity water (PLPW) for extraction of lignans, proteins and carbohydrates from defatted flaxseed meal. Key processing conditions included temperature (130, 160, 190°C), solvent pH (4, 6.5 and 9), solvent to solid ratio (S/S) (90, 150 and 210 mL/g) and introduction of co-packing material (0 and 3 g glass beads). The addition of 3 g glass beads as co-packing material facilitated extraction by enhancing surface contact between the liquid and solid thus shortening extraction time. Elevated temperature accelerated the extraction rate by increasing the solid diffusion coefficient thereby reducing the extraction time. The maximum yield of lignans (99 %) was obtained at temperatures ranging from 160°C to 190°C, with solvent volume of 180 mL (90 mL/g meal) at pH 9. Optimal conditions for protein extraction (70 %) were pH 9, extraction volume of 420 mL (210 mL/g meal) and 160°C. Total carbohydrates yield was maximized at 50% recovery at pH 4 and 160°C with 420 mL solvent (210 mL/g meal). Increased temperature accelerated extraction, thus reducing solvent volume and time to reach equilibrium. For the extraction of proteins, however, a temperature of 130-160°C is recommended, as proteins are vulnerable to thermal degradation due to heat decomposition. The effects of flow rate and geometric dimensions for extraction of lignans and other flaxseed meal bioactives were further investigated in Experiment 2, based on the variables optimized in the previous experiment. Defatted flaxseed meal was extracted with pH 9 buffered water with meal to co-packing glass beads ratio of 1:1.5 at 5.2 MPa (750 psi) and 180°C. The aqueous extracts were analyzed for lignan, protein and carbohydrate using HPLC and colorimetric methods. The optimal extraction yields for lignan, protein and carbohydrate were found at flow rates of 1 to 2 mL/min with bed depth between 20 and 26 cm and a S/S ratio of 40 to 100 mL/g. The combination of low flow rate and high bed depth allowed the use of lower S/S ratio with reduced total solvent volume consumption. This study also evaluated the mass transfer kinetics governing the process of lignan extraction from flaxseed meal in a fixed bed extraction cell. Diffusion of solute into the continuously flowing solvent was mainly responsible for the mass transfer mechanism as flow rate did not increase proportionally with the yield and rate of extraction. The extraction kinetics were studied on the basis of two approaches: Fick’s diffusion equation and a two-site exponential kinetic model. The proposed two-site exponential kinetic model corresponding to the two-stage extraction (rapid and slow phases) successfully described the experimental data. Diffusivities attained from Fick’s diffusion model ranged from 2 x 10-13 to 9 x 10-13 m2s-1 while mass transfer coefficients were between 4.5 x 10-8 and 2.3 x 10-7 ms-1 for extraction of lignans at 180°C, pH 9 with 1:1.5 meal to co-packing material ratio.

The physiological benefits of flaxseed against pathological disturbances, such as cancers and heart diseases, are mainly attributed to its high lignan content. This study (Experiment 1) examined the application of pressurized low polarity water (PLPW) for extraction of lignans, proteins and carbohydrates from defatted flaxseed meal. Key processing conditions included temperature (130, 160, 190°C), solvent pH (4, 6.5 and 9), solvent to solid ratio (S/S) (90, 150 and 210 mL/g) and introduction of co-packing material (0 and 3 g glass beads). The addition of 3 g glass beads as co-packing material facilitated extraction by enhancing surface contact between the liquid and solid thus shortening extraction time. Elevated temperature accelerated the extraction rate by increasing the solid diffusion coefficient thereby reducing the extraction time. The maximum yield of lignans (99 %) was obtained at temperatures ranging from 160°C to 190°C, with solvent volume of 180 mL (90 mL/g meal) at pH 9. Optimal conditions for protein extraction (70 %) were pH 9, extraction volume of 420 mL (210 mL/g meal) and 160°C. Total carbohydrates yield was maximized at 50% recovery at pH 4 and 160°C with 420 mL solvent (210 mL/g meal). Increased temperature accelerated extraction, thus reducing solvent volume and time to reach equilibrium. For the extraction of proteins, however, a temperature of 130-160°C is recommended, as proteins are vulnerable to thermal degradation due to heat decomposition. The effects of flow rate and geometric dimensions for extraction of lignans and other flaxseed meal bioactives were further investigated in Experiment 2, based on the variables optimized in the previous experiment. Defatted flaxseed meal was extracted with pH 9 buffered water with meal to co-packing glass beads ratio of 1:1.5 at 5.2 MPa (750 psi) and 180°C. The aqueous extracts were analyzed for lignan, protein and carbohydrate using HPLC and colorimetric methods. The optimal extraction yields for lignan, protein and carbohydrate were found at flow rates of 1 to 2 mL/min with bed depth between 20 and 26 cm and a S/S ratio of 40 to 100 mL/g. The combination of low flow rate and high bed depth allowed the use of lower S/S ratio with reduced total solvent volume consumption. This study also evaluated the mass transfer kinetics governing the process of lignan extraction from flaxseed meal in a fixed bed extraction cell. Diffusion of solute into the continuously flowing solvent was mainly responsible for the mass transfer mechanism as flow rate did not increase proportionally with the yield and rate of extraction. The extraction kinetics were studied on the basis of two approaches: Fick’s diffusion equation and a two-site exponential kinetic model. The proposed two-site exponential kinetic model corresponding to the two-stage extraction (rapid and slow phases) successfully described the experimental data. Diffusivities attained from Fick’s diffusion model ranged from 2 x 10-13 to 9 x 10-13 m2s-1 while mass transfer coefficients were between 4.5 x 10-8 and 2.3 x 10-7 ms-1 for extraction of lignans at 180°C, pH 9 with 1:1.5 meal to co-packing material ratio.

CNPQ; Fundação Araucária / O grão de chia (Salvia hispânica L.) vem despertando um grande interesse das indústrias alimentícias por suas características nutricionais. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo elaborar pães isentos de glúten, avaliando a influência da adição de farinha de Chia parcialmente desengordurada (FCPD), e das goma xantana e hidroxipropilmetilcelulose (HPMC), nas características reológicas, físico-químicas e sensoriais dos pães. Para tanto, foi utilizado um delineamento composto central rotacional (DCCR), do tipo 23 para investigar a influência do teor de ômega-3, lipídios totais, proteína bruta e carboidratos totais. Dentro das faixas estudadas para as três variáveis, foi possível verificar que a adição da FCPD promoveu maior contribuição nos modelos matemáticos, cujo R2 calculado possibilitou explicar até 94 % dos fenômenos ocorridos na faixa investigada. Através da análise de desejabilidade identificouse que a formulação do ponto central convergiu na otimização para as três variáveis estudadas. No teste de aceitação para a amostra contendo 20 % de FCPD, o atributo textura foi melhor avaliado, os atributos aroma, sabor e aspecto global não evidenciaram uma maior ou menor aceitação. Para a FCPD, foram encontrados teores elevados de proteínas (30,15 %), carboidratos (41,60 %), e capacidade de absorção de água de 10,53 g g-1 de amostra, sendo este valor metade daquele encontrado para a farinha de chia integral (20 g g-1 de amostra). A FCPD apresentou valores elevados de ômega-3 (60 %) e ômega-6 (24 %). O Uso da FCPD e das gomas foi promissor no desenvolvimento de pão isento de glúten com boas características sensoriais e nutricionais. / The chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) has attracted a great interest of the food industry for its nutritional characteristics. Thus, this study aimed to prepare bread gluten-free, assessing the influence of the addition of partially defatted chia flour (PDCF), and xanthan gum and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose gum (HPMC), in the rheological characteristics, physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of bread. Thus, a central composite rotational design was used (CCRD), type 23 to investigate the influence of omega-3 content, total fat, crude protein and total carbohydrates. Within the ranges studied for the three variables, it was possible verify that the addition of PDCF promoted greater contribution to mathematical models, which calculated R2 allowed to explain 94 % of the phenomena occurring in the investigated range. Through the desirability analysis it was found that the formulation of the central point converged on optimizing for the three variables. At the acceptance test for the sample containing 20 % PDCF, texture attribute was better evaluated; the attributes aroma, flavor and overall appearance did not show a larger or smaller acceptance. For PDCF, elevated protein (30.15 %) and carbohydrates (41.60%) levels were found, and water absorption capacity of 10.53 g g-1 of sample, this value being half of that found for the chia integral flour (20 g g-1 of sample). PDCF showed high levels of omega-3 (60 %) and omega-6 (24 %). The use of PDCF and gums was promising in the development of gluten-free bread with good sensory and nutritional characteristics.

Orientador: Neuza Jorge / Banca: Sabria Aued Pimentel / Banca: Agdamar Affini Suffredini / Resumo: Estudos epidemiológicos têm demonstrado uma relação inversa entre a ingestão de castanhas e nozes e as doenças crônicas tais como doenças cardiovasculares e câncer. As castanhas e nozes possuem ácidos fenólicos e flavonoides, além de serem ricas em tocoferóis, fitosteróis e esqualeno. São fontes de carboidratos, ácidos graxos essenciais e minerais. Os possíveis efeitos benéficos destes compostos se devem à sua atividade antioxidante e antiproliferativa. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar os óleos extraídos de castanhas e nozes a fim de identificar compostos bioativos benéficos para aplicação destes óleos especiais em alimentos. Foi realizada a determinação da composição centesimal de castanhas do Brasil (Bertholletia excelsa), Sapucaia (Lecythis pisonis), Cotia (Couepia edulis) e Gurguéia (Dipteryx lacunifera) e das nozes Pecã (Carya illinoensis) e Noz (Juglans regia). Os óleos extraídos das castanhas e nozes foram analisados quanto à caracterização físico-química (teor de ácidos graxos livres, índice de acidez, de peróxidos, de iodo, de refração, índice de saponificação, matéria insaponificável e estabilidade oxidativa), composição em ácidos graxos, tocoferóis e compostos fenólicos totais. Os resultados foram submetidos a análises de variância e testes de Tukey para médias a 5%, empregando o programa ESTAT versão 2.0. Pelos resultados, verificou-se que as castanhas e nozes estudadas possuem composição centesimal distinta, porém constituíram fontes significativas de lipídios (35,74-68,89%), sendo uma fonte alternativa para óleos vegetais comestíveis. As propriedades físico-químicas dos óleos extraídos das castanhas e nozes foram comparáveis às de óleos convencionais de boa qualidade, além de possuírem como ácidos graxos majoritários o palmítico, o esteárico, o oleico e o linoleico... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Epidemiological studies have proved an inverse relationship between the intake of nuts and the development of chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular disease and cancers. Nuts have phenolic acids and flavonoids, in addition to being rich in tocopherols, phytosterols and squalene. They are sources of carbohydrates, essential fatty acids and minerals. The possible beneficial effects of these compounds are due to their antioxidant and anti-proliferative activity. This study had as its objective to characterize the oils extracted from nuts to identify the beneficial bioactive compounds to the application of these oils in foods. Tests were conducted to determine the centesimal composition of Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa), Sapucaia nuts (Lecythis pisonis), Cotia nuts (Couepia edulis) Gurguéia nuts (Dipteryx lacunifera), Pecan nuts (Carya illinoensis) and Walnuts (Juglans regia). The oils extracted from the nuts were analyzed to determine their physical-chemical characterization (content of free fatty acids, acid value, peroxide value, iodine value, refractive index, saponification value, unsaponifiable matter and oxidative stability), their composition of fatty acids, tocopherols, and total phenolic compound content. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and Turkey's range test for averages of 5% using the ESTAT program version 2.0. From the results, it was verified that the nuts studied had distinct centesimal compositions, but all constituted significant sources of lipids (35.74-68.89%), these oils being an alternative source of edible vegetable oils. The physical-chemical properties of the oils extracted from the nuts were comparable to the conventional oils of good quality; in addition they also have in their composition the majority of their fatty acids as palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic, amounting to 87-99% of the total. With regard to the content... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Frente ao fenômeno da globalização e a crise econômica, as MPEs de alimentos no Peru foram obrigadas a procurar novas soluções para crescer e manter-se no mercado. Uma dessas soluções é a adoção de estratégias de inovação que se baseiam no desenvolvimento de novos produtos alimentícios com propriedades funcionais, ou seja, que beneficiam a saúde dos consumidores. Esta é uma característica diferencial que faz com que a MPE possa atingir uma vantagem competitiva no mercado. A presente pesquisa exploratória, do tipo estudo de caso, tem por objetivo central analisar os fatores que influenciam o processo de inovação em três MPEs de alimentos em Arequipa no Peru. Tais fatores foram avaliados dentro de seus ambientes internos (capacidades, recursos e competências essenciais) e em seus ambientes externos, como nos relacionamentos com os fornecedores, seus canais de distribuição e seus clientes. Os resultados apontam que as três MPEs em estudo, Delicias, Galletera e Silvia, desenvolveram alimentos inovadores baseados na diferenciação, usando produtos locais, através da incorporação de matérias-primas e insumos de caráter funcional, que beneficiam a saúde do consumidor e promovem a produção de recursos locais oriundos da região. / Facing the phenomenon of the globalization and the economic crisis, the micro and small food companies of Peru have been obliged to look for new solutions to grow and to remain in the market. One of these solutions is the adoption of innovative strategies based on the development of new functional products, which benefit the consumers’ health. This distinguishing characteristic allows the micro and small company to reach a competitive advantage in the market. The present exploratory research is developed through case studies whose objective is to analyze the factors that influence the process of innovation in three micro and small food companies in Arequipa, Peru. Such factors were evaluated in their internal environment (core competences, resources and abilities) and in their external environment, as the relationships with their suppliers, their distribution channels and their customers. This study concludes that the three evaluated micro and small companies Delicias, Galletera and Silvia developed innovative foods through differentiation, incorporating raw materials and other substances of functional character that benefit the consumers’ health and promote the production of native local resources of the region.

REBOUÇAS, Marina Cabral. Desenvolvimento de bebida prebiótica à base de amêndoa da castanha de caju e maracujá: aceitação e expectativa do consumidor. 2012. 84 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Fortaleza-CE, 2012 / Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-06-20T13:36:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_mcrevouças.pdf: 1370576 bytes, checksum: 452ae763af9034429c34c3c20ba9e64a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-06-20T13:36:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_mcrevouças.pdf: 1370576 bytes, checksum: 452ae763af9034429c34c3c20ba9e64a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-20T13:36:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_mcrevouças.pdf: 1370576 bytes, checksum: 452ae763af9034429c34c3c20ba9e64a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / In function of the economic importance of cashew nuts to the state of Ceará, the largest producer and benefactor of the country, and the high percentage of broken kernels which decreases the profit expansion of this sector, it is necessary to search for new alternatives for use this product as a way of adding value to it. Thus, this research aimed to develop a prebiotic drink from the hidrossoluble extract of almond broken cashew nuts and passion fruit juice with added fructo-oligosaccharides, using response surface methodology for optimizing sensory attributes. Was evaluated the combined effect of the addition of passion fruit juice and fructo-oligosaccharides through an experimental design of the central composite rotational type, in the acceptance of the attributes of color, aroma, flavor, sweetness, viscosity and overall impression. The formulation more acceptable was characterized as to the moisture content, protein, lipids, carbohydrates and ash. The study of the stability of the beverage in refrigerated storage, was conducted over a period of 28 days through the analysis of pH, acidity, acceptance of the sensory attributes of color, aroma, flavor, viscosity and overall impression, determination of Coliforms at 35°C and 45°C, Salmonella sp. and mesophilic bacteria. Was also evaluated the acceptance of this drink in the face of commercial soy taste like passion fruit using the Hedonic Scale, Attitude Scale Purchase and Consumption, and preference through the paired comparison test. The consumer expectations was assessed by considering the claims of prebiotic drink. The most acepted prebiotic formulation of the drink contained 50% of passion fruit juice and 14% fructo-oligosaccharides, which has in its composition 79.42% moisture, 15.94% carbohydrate, 3.1% lipids, 1.36% protein and 0.18% ash. Based on the microbiological and sensory parameters the product can be marketed for a period of 28 days under refrigeration. The prebiotic drink almond cashew nuts and passion fruit juice showed similar performance in relation to sensory acceptance and preference when compared to commercial soy beverage. The prebiotic claims about the product caused a positive expectation on consumers, increasing acceptance. Therefore, it is safe to conclude that the prebiotic drink developed possesses nutritional composition and functional proper adequate, with satisfactory acceptability, showing potential for commercialization. / Visto a importância econômica das amêndoas da castanha de caju para o estado do Ceará e o elevado percentual de amêndoas quebradas que diminui a ampliação de lucro desse setor, faz-se necessária a busca por novas alternativas de aproveitamento desta matéria-prima como forma de agregação de valor a mesma. Dessa forma, esta pesquisa objetivou desenvolver uma bebida prebiótica a partir do extrato hidrossolúvel da amêndoa da castanha de caju quebrada (EHA) e suco de maracujá com adição de frutoligossacarídeo (FOS), utilizando a metodologia de superfície de resposta para avaliação dos atributos sensoriais. Avaliou-se o efeito da adição de suco de maracujá e FOS ao EHA através de um planejamento experimental do tipo composto central rotacional, na aceitação dos atributos de cor, aroma, sabor, doçura, corpo e impressão global. A formulação mais aceita foi caracterizada quanto ao teor de umidade, proteínas, lipídios, carboidratos e cinzas. O estudo da estabilidade desta bebida, sob refrigeração, foi realizado durante um período de 28 dias através das análises de pH, acidez, aceitação dos atributos sensoriais de cor, aroma, sabor, corpo e impressão global, determinação de Coliformes a 35°C e 45°C (UFC/mL), Salmonella sp./25mL e bactérias mesófilas (UFC/mL). Avaliou-se também a aceitação desta bebida frente a bebida de soja sabor maracujá comercial usando os testes de escala hedônica, atitude de compra e consumo e a preferência através do teste de comparação pareada. A expectativa dos consumidores foi avaliada considerando as alegações prebióticas da bebida. A formulação da bebida prebiótica mais aceita e de maior vantagem econômica foi a que continha 50% de suco de maracujá, 50% de EHA, 14% de FOS e 3% de açúcar a qual possui em sua composição 79,42% de umidade, 15,94% de carboidratos, 3,1% de lipídios, 1,36% de proteínas e 0,18% de cinzas. Baseando-se nos parâmetros microbiológicos e sensoriais o produto poderá ser comercializado por um período de 28 dias sob condições de refrigeração. A bebida prebiótica desenvolvida mostrou desempenho similar em relação à aceitação e preferência sensoriais quando comparada a bebida de soja. As alegações prebióticas sobre o produto causou uma expectativa positiva nos consumidores, aumentando a aceitação. Diante do exposto, pode-se concluir que a bebida prebiótica desenvolvida possui qualidade nutricional e funcional, com aceitabilidade satisfatória junto aos consumidores, mostrando potencial para comercialização.

Frente ao fenômeno da globalização e a crise econômica, as MPEs de alimentos no Peru foram obrigadas a procurar novas soluções para crescer e manter-se no mercado. Uma dessas soluções é a adoção de estratégias de inovação que se baseiam no desenvolvimento de novos produtos alimentícios com propriedades funcionais, ou seja, que beneficiam a saúde dos consumidores. Esta é uma característica diferencial que faz com que a MPE possa atingir uma vantagem competitiva no mercado. A presente pesquisa exploratória, do tipo estudo de caso, tem por objetivo central analisar os fatores que influenciam o processo de inovação em três MPEs de alimentos em Arequipa no Peru. Tais fatores foram avaliados dentro de seus ambientes internos (capacidades, recursos e competências essenciais) e em seus ambientes externos, como nos relacionamentos com os fornecedores, seus canais de distribuição e seus clientes. Os resultados apontam que as três MPEs em estudo, Delicias, Galletera e Silvia, desenvolveram alimentos inovadores baseados na diferenciação, usando produtos locais, através da incorporação de matérias-primas e insumos de caráter funcional, que beneficiam a saúde do consumidor e promovem a produção de recursos locais oriundos da região. / Facing the phenomenon of the globalization and the economic crisis, the micro and small food companies of Peru have been obliged to look for new solutions to grow and to remain in the market. One of these solutions is the adoption of innovative strategies based on the development of new functional products, which benefit the consumers’ health. This distinguishing characteristic allows the micro and small company to reach a competitive advantage in the market. The present exploratory research is developed through case studies whose objective is to analyze the factors that influence the process of innovation in three micro and small food companies in Arequipa, Peru. Such factors were evaluated in their internal environment (core competences, resources and abilities) and in their external environment, as the relationships with their suppliers, their distribution channels and their customers. This study concludes that the three evaluated micro and small companies Delicias, Galletera and Silvia developed innovative foods through differentiation, incorporating raw materials and other substances of functional character that benefit the consumers’ health and promote the production of native local resources of the region.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:50:18Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 costa_t_me_sjrp_parcial.pdf: 47814 bytes, checksum: 6c1a8276e877be23955b7f93345300f0 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2015-08-28T16:08:58Z: costa_t_me_sjrp_parcial.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-28T16:10:00Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000640583.pdf: 746185 bytes, checksum: 16347c250c43b09d0103a7481f5b4d4d (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Estudos epidemiológicos têm demonstrado uma relação inversa entre a ingestão de castanhas e nozes e as doenças crônicas tais como doenças cardiovasculares e câncer. As castanhas e nozes possuem ácidos fenólicos e flavonoides, além de serem ricas em tocoferóis, fitosteróis e esqualeno. São fontes de carboidratos, ácidos graxos essenciais e minerais. Os possíveis efeitos benéficos destes compostos se devem à sua atividade antioxidante e antiproliferativa. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar os óleos extraídos de castanhas e nozes a fim de identificar compostos bioativos benéficos para aplicação destes óleos especiais em alimentos. Foi realizada a determinação da composição centesimal de castanhas do Brasil (Bertholletia excelsa), Sapucaia (Lecythis pisonis), Cotia (Couepia edulis) e Gurguéia (Dipteryx lacunifera) e das nozes Pecã (Carya illinoensis) e Noz (Juglans regia). Os óleos extraídos das castanhas e nozes foram analisados quanto à caracterização físico-química (teor de ácidos graxos livres, índice de acidez, de peróxidos, de iodo, de refração, índice de saponificação, matéria insaponificável e estabilidade oxidativa), composição em ácidos graxos, tocoferóis e compostos fenólicos totais. Os resultados foram submetidos a análises de variância e testes de Tukey para médias a 5%, empregando o programa ESTAT versão 2.0. Pelos resultados, verificou-se que as castanhas e nozes estudadas possuem composição centesimal distinta, porém constituíram fontes significativas de lipídios (35,74-68,89%), sendo uma fonte alternativa para óleos vegetais comestíveis. As propriedades físico-químicas dos óleos extraídos das castanhas e nozes foram comparáveis às de óleos convencionais de boa qualidade, além de possuírem como ácidos graxos majoritários o palmítico, o esteárico, o oleico e o linoleico... / Epidemiological studies have proved an inverse relationship between the intake of nuts and the development of chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular disease and cancers. Nuts have phenolic acids and flavonoids, in addition to being rich in tocopherols, phytosterols and squalene. They are sources of carbohydrates, essential fatty acids and minerals. The possible beneficial effects of these compounds are due to their antioxidant and anti-proliferative activity. This study had as its objective to characterize the oils extracted from nuts to identify the beneficial bioactive compounds to the application of these oils in foods. Tests were conducted to determine the centesimal composition of Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa), Sapucaia nuts (Lecythis pisonis), Cotia nuts (Couepia edulis) Gurguéia nuts (Dipteryx lacunifera), Pecan nuts (Carya illinoensis) and Walnuts (Juglans regia). The oils extracted from the nuts were analyzed to determine their physical-chemical characterization (content of free fatty acids, acid value, peroxide value, iodine value, refractive index, saponification value, unsaponifiable matter and oxidative stability), their composition of fatty acids, tocopherols, and total phenolic compound content. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and Turkey’s range test for averages of 5% using the ESTAT program version 2.0. From the results, it was verified that the nuts studied had distinct centesimal compositions, but all constituted significant sources of lipids (35.74-68.89%), these oils being an alternative source of edible vegetable oils. The physical-chemical properties of the oils extracted from the nuts were comparable to the conventional oils of good quality; in addition they also have in their composition the majority of their fatty acids as palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic, amounting to 87-99% of the total. With regard to the content... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Submitted by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2016-02-22T14:57:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3702710 bytes, checksum: 9dee0e28c3be22319d303a2bc4134ddf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-22T14:57:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3702710 bytes, checksum: 9dee0e28c3be22319d303a2bc4134ddf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Products such as cheeses, yoghurts and milk drinks can be obtained from goat's milk are an alternative to the increase in consumption and value of goatderived products. This study aimed to produce ricotta cheese from goat whey and evaluate the effects of incorporating probiotic strains Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12 and Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 on technological parameters, physicochemical and sensory cheese during storage refrigerated for seven days, and the protective effect of goat ricotta on the survival of probiotics tested for exposure to simulated gastrointestinal conditions. A Ricotta goat was prepared based on goat cheese whey (main ingredient) with addition of whole goat milk (20%). The incorporation of probiotics did not influence the income and syneresis of goat ricotta. During the rated cold storage period, the strains L. acidophilus LA-5, and B. lactis BB-12 had scores of about 6 log CFU / g. Samples ricotta containing the probiotic strains showed the lowest values for lactose and the highest values for lactic acid, besides having greater hardness and lower brightness during storage when compared to samples without probiotics. There were no differences in the fatty acid profile of goat ricotta with or without probiotics. All samples of ricotta were sensorially described as "soft cheese" with "homogeneous texture", however, the samples added L. acidophilus LA-5 or B. lactis BB-12 were described as "more acidic". At the end of exposure to simulated gastrointestinal conditions, the tested probiotic strains showed scores of approximately 6 log CFU / g, when incorporated in goat ricotta. These results show the possibility of using L. acidophilus LA-5, and B. lactis BB-12 in the preparation of goat ricotta, considering that such strains showed no negative impact on the general quality characteristics of the product. Further, goats show the ricotta as a satisfactory matrix for the continued viability of probiotics tested during storage as well as when exposed to the harsh conditions found throughout the human gastrointestinal tract. / Produtos como queijos, iogurtes e bebidas lácteas podem ser obtidos a partir do leite de cabra sendo uma alternativa para o aumento no consumo e agregação de valor de produtos de origem caprina. O presente estudo teve como objetivo produzir queijos ricota a partir de soro de leite caprino e avaliar os efeitos da incorporação de cepas probióticas Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12 e Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 sobre os parâmetros tecnológicos, físicoquímicos e sensoriais do queijo durante armazenamento refrigerado de sete dias, bem como o efeito protetor da ricota caprina sobre a sobrevivência dos probióticos testados durante exposição a condições gastrointestinais simuladas. A ricota caprina foi elaborada tendo como base soro de queijo caprino (ingrediente principal) com adição de leite integral de cabra (20%). A incorporação dos probióticos não influenciou no rendimento e sinérese da ricota caprina. Durante o período de armazenamento refrigerado avaliado, as cepas de L. acidophilus LA-5 e B. lactis BB-12 apresentaram contagens em torno de 6 log UFC/g. As amostras de ricota contendo as cepas probióticas apresentaram os menores valores para lactose e os maiores valores para ácido láctico, além de apresentarem maior dureza e menor brilho durante a armazenagem, quando comparados com amostras sem probióticos. Não foram observadas diferenças no perfil de ácidos graxos da ricota caprina com ou sem probióticos. Todas as amostras de ricota foram sensorialmente descritas como sendo “queijo macio” com “textura homogênea”, porém, as amostras adicionadas de L. acidophilus LA-5 ou B. lactis BB-12 foram descritas como sendo “mais ácidas”. Ao final da exposição às condições gastrointestinais simuladas, as cepas probióticas testadas apresentaram contagens de aproximadamente 6 log UFC/g, quando incorporadas na ricota caprina. Estes resultados mostram a possibilidade do uso de L. acidophilus LA-5 e B. lactis BB-12 na elaboração de ricota caprina, tendo em vista que tais cepas não apresentaram impacto negativo sobre as características gerais de qualidade do produto. Ainda, evidenciam a ricota caprina como uma matriz satisfatória para a manutenção da viabilidade dos probióticos ensaiados durante o armazenamento, bem como quando expostos às condições adversas encontradas ao longo do trato gastrointestinal humano.