Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar a contribuição dos conflitos para a evolução do Direito e das formas de solucioná-lo. Tem por finalidade estudar o desenvolvimento da jurisdição e do processo nos conhecidos Estado Liberal, Estado Social e Estado Constitucional. O estudo oferece ênfase à incidência do constitucionalismo sobre o direito, em especial ao Direito Processual. O processo justo e suas garantias, extraídas da Constituição Federal, transformaram o processo em instrumento de concretização das normas constitucionais. A crescente litigiosidade e dependência dos cidadãos relativamente a decisão adjudicada impõem uma necessária reformulação da cultura processual. Neste ponto, o empoderamento ganha destaque como meio de fomentar a utilização de meios consensuais para solução de conflitos. Tais meios são observados como complemento e instrumentos para o afastamento da crise de efetividade experimentado pela jurisdição. A introdução, no processo, de meios consensuais de solução de conflitos, como a mediação judicial, pretende fomentar o desenvolvimento do modelo cooperativo de processo. Consequentemente, a maior participação das partes no processo de construção da solução a ser aplicada ao conflito que as envolve, contribui para a maior efetividade da prestação jurisdicional. Examina-se, cautelosamente, a introdução dos meios consensuais de solução de conflitos no processo judicial de modo que as características essenciais de cada um não sejam perdidas ou transformadas, sob pena de desvirtuar-se a mediação judicial. É preciso assegurar a compatibilidade entre ambos, bem como a aplicação das garantias fundamentais do processo. / The present study aims to analyze the contribution to the evolution of conflicts of law and the ways to solve it. It aims to study the development of the jurisdiction and the process known in the Liberal State, Welfare State and the Constitutional State. The study gives emphasis to the impact of constitutionalism on the right, especially the Procedural Law. The fair trial and its guarantees, drawn from the Constitution, the process turned into an instrument of implementation of constitutional norms. Increased litigation and dependence of citizens to impose a decision adjudicated necessary needs reform of procedural culture. At this point, the empowerment gained prominence as a means of promoting the use of consensual means of conflict resolution. So, the ways are seen as a complement and instruments for the removal of the effectiveness of crisis experienced by jurisdiction. The introduction, in the process of consensual means of dispute resolution, such as mediation court, aims to promote the development of the cooperative process. Consequently, the largest participation in the process of construction of the solution to be applied to the conflict that surrounds them, contributes to greater effectiveness of adjudication. It examines cautiously the introduction of consensual means of resolving conflicts in the judicial process so that the essential characteristics of each are not lost or transformed, otherwise misrepresenting themselves to judicial mediation. It needs to ensure compatibility between them, and the application of the fundamental guarantees of the process.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-03-12 / This works looks into the fundamentals of the private pension system in Brazil. Studies the evolution of social security, enphasizing the political, social and economic aspects. Aims to demonstrate the importance of pension funds in the development of national domestic saving and improving the living conditions for the population. / Este trabalho tem por finalidade analisar os fundamentos da previdência complementar fechada brasileira, com ênfase nos aspectos políticos, sociais e econômicos. Visa demonstrar a importância das entidades fechadas de previdência complementar no desenvolvimento da poupança interna nacional e na melhoria da condição de vida da população.

This dissertation investigates the pricing behaviors of two major energy commodities, U.S. natural gas and crude oil, using times series models. It examines the relationships between U.S. natural gas price variations and changes in market fundamentals within a two-state Markov-switching framework. It is found that the regime-switching model does a better forecasting job in general than the linear fundamental model without regime-switching framework, especially in the case of 1-step-ahead forecast. Studies are conducted of the dynamics between crude oil price and U.S. dollar exchange rates. Empirical tests are applied to both full sample (1986—2010) and subsample (2002—2010) data. It is found that causality runs in both directions between the oil and the dollar. Meanwhile, a theoretical 5-country partial dynamic portfolio model is constructed to explain the dynamics between oil and dollar with special attention to the roles of China and Russia. It is shown that emergence of China‘s economy enhances the linkage between oil and dollar due to China's foreign exchange policy. Further research is dedicated to the role of speculation in crude oil and natural gas markets. First a literature review on theory of speculation is conducted. Empirical studies on speculation in commodity markets are surveyed, with special focus on energy commodity market. To test the theory that speculation may affect commodity prices by exaggerating the signals sent by market fundamentals, this essay utilizes the forecast errors from the first essay to investigate the forecasting ability of speculators' net long positions in the market. Limited evidence is provided to support the bubble theory in U.S. natural gas market. In conclusion, this dissertation explores both fundamentals and speculators' roles in the U.S. natural gas and global crude oil markets. It is found that market fundamentals are the major driving forces for the two energy commodities price booms seen during the past several years.

Interactions between macroeconomic fundamentals and term structure of interest rates be stronger according to the way of changes in structure of worldwide economy. Combined macro-finance analysis determines the joint dynamics of term structure of interest rates and macroeconomic fundamentals. This thesis provides analysis of two existing macro-finance models and an original one. Parameter estimations for these three macro-finance term structure models are done for monthly Turkish data by use of an efficient recursive estimator Kalman filter. In spite of the small scale application the results are satisfactory except first model but with longer sets of macroeconomic variables and interest rate data models provide more encouraging results.

Este estudo apresenta a questão do espaço autoral ocupado pela prática educativa do docente e de suas formas de existir, expressa na relação social (não) harmônica com os diversos \"outros\" com os quais dialoga frente ao ato de ensinar funções para estudantes do ensino médio. O acesso a este tipo de narrativa permite o esboço de aspectos da identidade docente, uma vez que, ao contar sua história -- para apropriar-se dela em um processo eminentemente formativo -- há um debate ligado a questões culturais e filosóficas que possibilitam diferenciar o que é seu e o que é dos outros, seu modo de ser e estar na docência, bem como as influências que integram a sua existência. / This study presents the issue of the authorship room occupied by the educational practice of the teacher and its forms of existence, it expressed in the (non-)harmonious relation social with the different \"others\" whichs he dialogues with the act of teaching functions for high school students. The access to this type of narrative allows the outline aspects of the teaching identity, once, in telling teacher\'s history -- to appropriate it in a process, eminently formative -- there is a debate linked to cultural and philosophical issues that makes possible to differentiate what is yours and what belongs to others, your way of being in teaching, as well as the influences that integrate the teacher\'s existence.

The first essay explores the dynamic behaviors of mortgage-backed stock returns and their volatility spillovers within the framework of time-varying symmetric, asymmetric and multivariate GARCH-family models. The focus of the chapter is on the dynamics of volatility of the U.S. real estate investment trusts (REITs) and volatility spillovers within the REITs subdivisions as well as between the REITs and the Fannie Mae (FNM) and theFreddie Mac (FRE) mortgage-backed stocks. We analyze risk-return linkages using the GARCH-in-mean (GARCH-M) model. The presence of asymmetric effects of "bad" news and "good" news on conditional financial volatilities is evaluated using the Threshold ARCH (TARCH) model and the exponential GARCH (EGARCH) model. Volatility spillovers and comovements within REITs subdivisions; REITs with FNM and FRE and other selected financial assets are examined using the multivariate GARCH (MGARCH) model. The second essay investigates factors behind the existence of time-varying conditional volatilities of mortgage-backed securities (MBS). This is done by analyzing the impacts of economic volatilities on mortgage-backed financial markets' performance. The relationship between conditional volatilities of the MBS and conditional volatilities of the key economic fundamentals in the housing sector and the macroeconomy are explored. The sensitivity of mortgage-backed stocks to the underlying time-series changes in economic fundamentals, and the extent to which economic volatilities explain the variation in mortgage-backed stocks' volatilities are investigated. Particularly, we examined whether changes in the REITs, FNM and FRE volatilities are linked to and driven by time-varying volatilities of the housing sector economic activity and set of key macroeconomic variables. Thus, the chapter analyzes the impacts of conditional economic volatilities on the conditional volatilities of the REITs, FRE and FNM stocks. The GARCH (p, q) process is used to find conditional volatility dynamics for the economic variables in the study. Then we employ multivariate GARCH (p, q) model to investigate the spillovers and comovements among the conditional economic fundamentals' volatilities and the conditional volatilities of the MBS. The third essay explores the impacts of foreign sector of the economy on the mortgage-backed financial markets and the housing sector. There is large surge of foreign capital flows to the U.S, particularly since late 1990s. The net foreign holdings of U.S. financial assets have become very significant in the U.S. Treasury notes and bonds. Foreign investors also hold a growing share of securities of the U.S. agencies and government sponsored enterprises (GSEs). Similarly, foreign direct investment in the U.S. real estate as well as real estate equities in the form of REITs has grown sharply. To this end, a multivariate vector autoregression (VAR) model is the main tool of analysis. Based on the VAR model, generalized impulse response functions and generalized variance decompositions are employed to evaluate the responses of mortgage interest rates and Treasury yields to the changes in net foreign ownership of U.S. Treasuries and agency bonds.

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is becoming increasing popular and widely adopted on account of relative post-operative advantages (shorter hospital stays, less scarification, trauma and post-operative pain) it offers patients when compared to open surgery. Nonetheless, the surge in demand for MIS procedures are not met with commensurate availability of experts in the field, thus leading to excessive stress attributable to increased case load, and an increase in the number of surgery interns requiring training with far less MIS experts to provide it. Also, musculoskeletal discomforts experienced by MIS surgeons have been attributed to ergonomic factors among other causes, and a required verification of the viability of fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery (FLS) as a valid ergonomic discriminator between traditional MIS and robot-assisted MIS was tested and validated. Real-time, subject-centered, and objective quantification of surgical skills has long been a challenge. A proposed solution is presented here involving the application of complexity theory (time delay and Hurst exponent principles) to the analysis of phase space reconstructions of time series data, generated by periodic changes in Euler coordinates of surgical graspers while being used by MIS novices and experts. A comparison of Hurst exponent and time delay values over multiple iterations of the same task provides quantitative insight on MIS skills improvement and experience.

La presente investigación desarrolla la defensa constitucional del derecho de propiedad privada frente al fraude inmobiliario en todas sus modalidades. Actividades ilícitas se encubren bajo el principio de fe pública registral para despojar el derecho de un propietario legítimo y después transferirlo a un tercero, que confía en la información registral, adquiriendo bajo la protección del artículo 2014 del Código Civil. El problema surge cuando en los Registros Públicos se inscribe documentación que tiene como antecedente un hecho delictivo; en ese caso ¿Quién merece protección, el tercero de buena fe o el verdadero propietario?, es evidente que cuando se trata de falsificaciones o suplantaciones, la interpretación exagerada de la buena fe registral deviene en una interpretación que contraviene la Constitución y al Ordenamiento Jurídico. The present investigation develops the constitutional defense of the right of private property against real estate fraud in all its modalities. Illicit activities are concealed under the principle of public registration to deprive the right of a legitimate owner and then transfer it to a third party who relies on the registration information, acquiring under the protection of article 2014 of the Civil Code. The problem arises when in the Public Records is inscribed documentation that has as antecedent a criminal fact; In this case, who deserves protection, the third party in good faith or the real owner? It is evident that when it comes to falsifications or impersonations, the exaggerated interpretation of the good faith registry becomes an interpretation that contravenes the Constitution and the entire Legal System.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar a contribuição dos conflitos para a evolução do Direito e das formas de solucioná-lo. Tem por finalidade estudar o desenvolvimento da jurisdição e do processo nos conhecidos Estado Liberal, Estado Social e Estado Constitucional. O estudo oferece ênfase à incidência do constitucionalismo sobre o direito, em especial ao Direito Processual. O processo justo e suas garantias, extraídas da Constituição Federal, transformaram o processo em instrumento de concretização das normas constitucionais. A crescente litigiosidade e dependência dos cidadãos relativamente a decisão adjudicada impõem uma necessária reformulação da cultura processual. Neste ponto, o empoderamento ganha destaque como meio de fomentar a utilização de meios consensuais para solução de conflitos. Tais meios são observados como complemento e instrumentos para o afastamento da crise de efetividade experimentado pela jurisdição. A introdução, no processo, de meios consensuais de solução de conflitos, como a mediação judicial, pretende fomentar o desenvolvimento do modelo cooperativo de processo. Consequentemente, a maior participação das partes no processo de construção da solução a ser aplicada ao conflito que as envolve, contribui para a maior efetividade da prestação jurisdicional. Examina-se, cautelosamente, a introdução dos meios consensuais de solução de conflitos no processo judicial de modo que as características essenciais de cada um não sejam perdidas ou transformadas, sob pena de desvirtuar-se a mediação judicial. É preciso assegurar a compatibilidade entre ambos, bem como a aplicação das garantias fundamentais do processo. / The present study aims to analyze the contribution to the evolution of conflicts of law and the ways to solve it. It aims to study the development of the jurisdiction and the process known in the Liberal State, Welfare State and the Constitutional State. The study gives emphasis to the impact of constitutionalism on the right, especially the Procedural Law. The fair trial and its guarantees, drawn from the Constitution, the process turned into an instrument of implementation of constitutional norms. Increased litigation and dependence of citizens to impose a decision adjudicated necessary needs reform of procedural culture. At this point, the empowerment gained prominence as a means of promoting the use of consensual means of conflict resolution. So, the ways are seen as a complement and instruments for the removal of the effectiveness of crisis experienced by jurisdiction. The introduction, in the process of consensual means of dispute resolution, such as mediation court, aims to promote the development of the cooperative process. Consequently, the largest participation in the process of construction of the solution to be applied to the conflict that surrounds them, contributes to greater effectiveness of adjudication. It examines cautiously the introduction of consensual means of resolving conflicts in the judicial process so that the essential characteristics of each are not lost or transformed, otherwise misrepresenting themselves to judicial mediation. It needs to ensure compatibility between them, and the application of the fundamental guarantees of the process.

O crescimento econômico brasileiro se manteve a baixos níveis nas duas últimas décadas quando comparado ao seu desempenho histórico e ao crescimento internacional. Um dos principais fatores responsáveis por esta situação é o pouco significativo nível de Q de Tobin da economia. Nesse sentido, este trabalho tem por objetivo verificar se os fundamentos macroeconômicos explicam o comportamento do Q de Tobin, que estimula as decisões de Q de Tobin das empresas. Empiricamente, será utilizado um modelo de seleção automática: Autometrics. / Brazilian economic growth has been low for the last two decades, when compared to its historical performance and international growth. One of the main factors responsible for this situation is the small level of investment in the economy. This work aims to verify whether macroeconomic fundamentals can explain the behavior of Tobin\'s Q, which is supposed to be an indicator of investment decisions of the firms. Empirically, it will be employed an automatic selection model: Autometrics.