The mitochondrion is a tiny organelle that is the power supplier of the cell and vital to the functioning of the body organs. Additionally it contains a small circular genome of about 16 kb, present in many copies which makes the mitochondrial DNA more viable than nuclear DNA. Mitochondrial DNA is also maternally inherited and thus provides a direct link to maternal relatives. These two properties are of particular use for forensic samples, which only contain limited or degraded amounts of DNA, and for historical samples (ancient DNA). This thesis presents work on the mitochondrial DNA in the hypervariable regions (HV) I and II, in both contemporary and historical samples. Forensic genetics makes use of mitochondrial DNA analysis in court as circumstantial evidence, and population databases are used for the calculation of evidence value. Population samples (299) across Sweden have been analysed in order to enrich the EDNAP mtDNA database (EMPOP) (paper I). The application of mitochondrial DNA analysis allowed for analysis of historical skeletal remains: Copernicus, 1473-1543 (paper II), Karin Göring, 1888-1931 (paper III) and Medieval bones, 880-1000 AD, from a mass grave found in Sigtuna, Sweden (paper IV). The thesis also includes analyses of bones and teeth from the shipwrecked crew of the Vasa warship, 1628, samples from the Vasa museum, Stockholm, Sweden (paper V). Overall, the varying age of the samples and the different conservation environments (soil and water) accounted for variations in quality, but still allowed for successful DNA analysis.

This diploma thesis deals with the relationship between two important figures at Nazi Germany during the Second World War - Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler and Commander in Chief of the Luftwaffe Hermann Goering. Although these two men participated on a large scale in shaping the policy of the Third Reich, their relationship went through a various stages during a war time. They did not get along afterwards and the initial euphoria and confidence of their relationship did not last long. As a time went it started to appear partial disagreements that resulted rupturing of work and personal relationship. This so called "cooperation" of both the in the Nazi Germany during the war of the 20th century is the core of this work.

Im nationalsozialistischem Regime wurde die Arbeitsverwaltung (Reichsarbeitsministerium, Reichsanstalt) zur so genannten Arbeitseinsatzverwaltung ausgebaut. Wesentliches Merkmal dieser Arbeitseinsatzverwaltung war die Schaffung von Sonderbehörden und -instanzen (Reichstreuhänder der Arbeit, Deutsche Arbeitsfront, Vierjahresplanbehörde, Generalbevollmächtigter für den Arbeitseinsatz), die den Arbeitseinsatz effektiver planen, organisieren und leiten sollten. Die Arbeitseinsatzverwaltung war nicht nur verantwortlich für die zunehmende Entrechtung deutscher Arbeitnehmer auf dem Arbeitsmarkt, sondern auch für den millionenfachen Arbeitseinsatz von Fremdarbeiter(innen) und Kriegsgefangenen. Dabei erstreckten sich die Funktionen auf alle Lebens- und Arbeitsbereiche der Fremdarbeiter(innen) (Anwerbung, Deportation, Transport, Lagerunterbringung, Gesundheitsfürsorge, Lohn- und Urlaubsregelungen, Bordellbaracken, Ahndung von arbeitsrechtlichen Vergehen) und auf die Vermittlung von kriegsgefangenen Zwangsarbeitern. Der aufgeblähte Verwaltungskörper der Arbeitseinsatzverwaltung mit zu vielen Kompetenzträgern war indes nicht in der Lage, den eklatanten Arbeitskräftemangel in der deutschen Kriegswirtschaft zu beheben.

In my thesis I focused on the czech lawyer and jurist JUDr. Bohuslav Ečer. He became one of the main ideologist of international criminal law thanks to his hard work . He represeted Czechoslovakia during the Nuremberg trials after World War II.

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