L’étude porte sur les catégories "signes" (Zeichen) et "traces" (Spuren) dans l’œuvre poétique et les déclarations poétologiques de Günter Eich (1907-1972). Signes naturels, linguistiques, traces biographiques et intertextuelles, relevé de stigmates historiques (Spurensicherung) imprègnent l’œuvre sous forme d’images poétiques et de concepts poétologiques. Complémentaires ou opposés, ils éclairent le parcours complexe du poète, du déchiffrement des signes naturels au souhait tardif de "ne pas laisser de traces", de la collecte de traces au tracé de l’écriture (et à son effacement) dans des textes lus comme des palimpsestes d’écrits antérieurs. A partir de documents d’archives inédits (manuscrits, correspondances, notes), de bibliothèques d’auteurs et d’entretiens avec des proches du poète, le rôle des signes et des traces dans les relations entre écriture poétique et réalité exogène est examiné en croisant processus d’écriture (méthodes de critique génétique) et réception des textes, celle-ci orientant à son tour les tracés poétiques ultérieurs. Le travail montre les interactions entre lecture et écriture du monde, le traitement des signes et traces étant à la fois un acte de déchiffrement et l’esquisse d’un nouveau balisage poétique (Zeichen-Setzung) du langage et du réel. Cette nouvelle approche de l'évolution de la poétique et de la poésie de Günter Eich éclaire le rapport problématique du poète au réel, à la tradition lyrique et à l’histoire de son temps en situant son œuvre au confluent de problématiques romantiques anciennes et d’une nouvelle fonction de la poésie née de la situation historique. / This study probes into the categories of “signs” (Zeichen) and “traces” (Spuren) in Günter Eich's poetic œuvre and poetological statements. Natural and linguistic signs, biographical and intertextual traces, accounts of historical stigmas (Spurensicherung) permeate his work through poetic images and poetological concepts. Whether complementary or antagonistic, they shed light on the poet's complex progress, from the deciphering of natural signs to his late desire to “leave no trace”, from the collecting of traces to the traces of writing (and its erasure) within texts that are read as the palimpsests of former writings. Relying on unpublished archives (manuscripts, correspondences, notes), on authors' private collections and on interviews of the poet's relatives and friends, we show how signs and traces shape out the relationships between poetic writing and the outer reality through a cross-study of writing processes (using genetic criticism) and the reception of texts (which, in turn, shapes out future poetic tracings). This study shows the interactions between the reading and the writing of the world, the treatment of signs and traces being both an act of deciphering and the sketching out of a new poetic marking out (Zeichen-Setzung) of language and of the real world. This new approach of the evolution of Günter Eich's poetics and poetry accounts for the poet's problematic relation to reality, to the lyrical tradition and to contemporary history by situating his work at the junction of ancient romantic issues and of a new function of poetry born from the historical context.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:56:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elise.pdf: 1787260 bytes, checksum: 835b75433c3e949b620b642b3a694b62 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-15 / The present study aims at to investigate German Literature mainly the first years after the Second World War and show how the 47 Group was built and developed, since it was composed by young writers mainly ex-prisoners who believed in literature as a new beginning and a way of helping people to find a new way of thinking after have been living by the atrocities of the war. We pay a special attention to this Group which had regularly or twice a year met for twenty years to appreciate the reading of the components presented in colloquies. In the first chapter we introduce the factors that contributed for the composition of this Group approaching literature and the writers of the time of the national-socialist regime pointing the writers who were unsatisfied with the dictatorial politics of Hitler and were exiled abroad, and also the ones who stayed in German living in a kind of "internal emigration" without writing or just for entertainment literature but not being free of the survey of the regime. We also highlight the Der Ruf magazine (The Calling) pressed in American Campus of the German war prisoners as part of a program called "re-education", once German occupation and administration had just been provided right after its defeat. From 1946 to 1947 this magazine was also edited in Monique and worked as a precursor of the 47 Group formation. The second chapter is dedicated to the Group development, to its main components profile and to the phases the Group went through during its 20 years of existence. Therefore, we based mainly on a Study Group called The Göttingen Seminar organized by Heinz Ludwig Arnold among others. The last two chapters were based in the works of Günter Eich and Heinrich Böll as representative writers of the German Literature postwar aiming at the thematic of social representation in Eich's poems and broadcasting plays and in Böll's stories and novels. It is a bibliographic research that searches its theoretical in literary critics, philosophers, sociologists and other writers such as Marcel Reich-Ranicke, Émile Durkheim, Theodor Adorno, Antonio Cândido, Maurice Halbwachs, Forster and Riegel, Alfred Andersch, Heinrich Vormweg, Hans Werner Richter, Heinrich Böll and Günter Eich. / O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar a literatura alemã, principalmente dos primeiros anos após a Segunda Guerra Mundial e mostrar como surgiu e se desenvolveu o Grupo 47, formado por jovens escritores, em sua maioria ex-prisioneiros de guerra, que viam na literatura uma forma de recomeço e de ajuda à população para encontrar uma nova maneira de pensar, depois de ter passado pelas atrocidades da guerra. Dá-se atenção especial a este grupo que, durante vinte anos, encontrava-se regularmente uma ou duas vezes ao ano para apreciação das leituras de manuscritos dos componentes, apresentados em forma de colóquio. No primeiro capítulo, são relevados os fatores que contribuíram para a formação desse grupo, abordando, assim, a literatura e os autores da época do regime nacional-socialista, com referência aos autores que, desgostosos com a política ditatorial de Hitler, exilaram-se no exterior e aos que permaneceram na Alemanha, onde, muitos deles, vivendo uma espécie de emigração interior , deixando de escrever ou dedicando-se apenas a uma literatura de entretenimento, não livres da inspeção do regime. Destaque especial também é dado à revista Der Ruf (O chamado), editada em campos americanos de prisioneiros de guerra alemães, que fazia parte de um programa chamado re-education , uma vez que já estava prevista a ocupação e administração da Alemanha, assim que esta estaria derrotada. De 1946 a 47 a revista também foi editada em Munique e serviu de precursora à formação do grupo 47. O segundo capítulo é dedicado ao desenvolvimento do Grupo, ao perfil dos principais componentes e às fases pelas quais o grupo passou em seus 20 anos de existência. Para isso, apoiou-se, principalmente num grupo de estudos, denominado Seminário de Göttingen, organizado por Heinz Ludwig Arnold, entre outros. Já nos dois últimos capítulos, tomou-se por base as obras de Günter Eich e Heinrich Böll, ambos autores de representatividade na literatura alemã pós-guerra, visando a temática da representação social presente nos poemas e peças radiofônicas de Eich e nos contos e romances de Böll. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica que busca fundamentação teórica em críticos literários, filósofos, sociólogos e outros autores, entre os quais se destacam Marcel Reich-Ranicke, Émile Durkheim, Theodor Adorno, Antonio Cândido, Maurice Halbwachs, Forster e Riegel, Alfred Andersch, Heinrich Vormweg, Hans Werner Richter, Heinrich Böll e Günter Eich.

Die Arbeit untersucht die Gestaltung von Trauer in den zwischen 1945 und etwa 1960 veröffentlichten Gedichten von Günter Eich, Marie Luise Kaschnitz und Nelly Sachs. Dazu wird ein differenziertes, systematisch erarbeitetes Analyseinstrumentarium vorgestellt und angewandt, das den vielfältigen Möglichkeiten der Emotionsgestaltung in lyrischen Texten Rechnung trägt. Das methodische Vorgehen der Untersuchung ist insofern exemplarisch, als es hier zwar auf die Analyse von Trauerdarstellungen beschränkt wird, sich aber prinzipiell auch für die Untersuchung der literarischen Gestaltung anderer Emotionen anbietet. Gleichzeitig verspricht die eingehende Perspektive auf das Werk einzelner Autoren die Identifizierung auch solcher Mittel der Emotionsgestaltung, die eine weniger differenzierte, in die Breite gehende Analyse nicht hinreichend erfassen kann. Die Texte von Eich, Kaschnitz und Sachs werden zunächst in Einzelkapiteln detailliert untersucht. Den bereits bestehenden Forschungsarbeiten wird damit eine differenzierte und umfassende emotionsbezogene Perspektive auf formale und inhaltliche Aspekte des jeweiligen Werkes hinzugefügt. Am Schluss wird der Blick auf die deutsche Nachkriegslyrik insgesamt gerichtet und danach gefragt, inwiefern aus der Untersuchung des lyrischen Werkes der drei hier untersuchten Dichter weiterreichende allgemeine Einsichten im Hinblick auf die Gestaltung von Trauer in der deutschsprachigen Nachkriegslyrik gewonnen werden können.