À partir des postulats théoriques de l'École de Constance et spécialement de Wolfgang Iser, sur la base de la phénoménologie husserlienne, nous affirmons, à l’inverse des théories littéraires «immanentes» qui ont prédominé durant des décennies, que tout texte littéraire est nécessairement produit par l'auteur dans l'intention d'être lu par un destinataire, en l'occurrence le lecteur. En prenant comme référence le concept de sujet cognitif de W. Iser, nous soutenons que le récepteur, n’approche pas le texte d'une manière neutre et passive, mais qu’il incorpore toujours ses connaissances et ses coordonnées sociales, historiques, culturelles, idéologiques, d'identité et de sexe. Par conséquent, le principal objectif de notre travail est d’expliquer et de démontrer comment, en nous appuyant sur les structures discursives de la narration, une lectrice dotée de savoirs théoriques féministes et forte de sa propre optique en tant que femme dans le monde, peut re-construire certains personnages féminins du roman galdosien depuis une perspective féministe.À partir des postulats théoriques de l'École de Constance et spécialement de Wolfgang Iser, sur la base de la phénoménologie husserlienne, nous affirmons, à l’inverse des théories littéraires «immanentes» qui ont prédominé durant des décennies, que tout texte littéraire est nécessairement produit par l'auteur dans l'intention d'être lu par un destinataire, en l'occurrence le lecteur. En prenant comme référence le concept de sujet cognitif de W. Iser, nous soutenons que le récepteur, n’approche pas le texte d'une manière neutre et passive, mais qu’il incorpore toujours ses connaissances et ses coordonnées sociales, historiques, culturelles, idéologiques, d'identité et de sexe. Par conséquent, le principal objectif de notre travail est d’expliquer et de démontrer comment, en nous appuyant sur les structures discursives de la narration, une lectrice dotée de savoirs théoriques féministes et forte de sa propre optique en tant que femme dans le monde, peut re-construire certains personnages féminins du roman galdosien depuis une perspective féministe. / From the theoretical postulates of the School of Constance and especially of W. Iser, based upon the Husserlian phenomenology, we hold that all literary text is not necessarily produced by the author with the intention of being read by a receptor, in this case the reader. In acoordance with the W. Iser's concept of cognitive subject, we argue that the reader, against the inmanents literary theories that have prevailed for decades, does not read the literary text in a neutral and passive way but that always incorporates their knowledge and social, historical, cultural, ideological, identity and sexual coordinates. Therefore, the aim of our work is to explain and demonstrate how a female reader, substantiated by the discursive structures of the narration and due to her feminist theoretical contents and her woman's point of view in the world, can re-build to certain female characters of the galdosian roman —only to those who have an important narrative unit and a subversive elements— from a feminist perspective. / A partir de los postulados teóricos de la Escuela de Constanza y especialmente de W. Iser, con base en la fenomenología husserliana, sostenemos que todo texto literario es necesariamente producido por el autor en la intención de ser leído por un destinatario, en este caso el lector. Tomando como referencia el concepto de sujeto cognitivo de W. Iser, afirmamos que el receptor, contra las teorías literarias inmanentistas que han predominado durante décadas, no se acerca al texto de una manera neutra y pasiva sino que siempre incorpora sus conocimientos y coordenadas sociales, históricas, culturales, ideológicas, de identidad y de sexo. Por ello, el principal objetivo de nuestro trabajo es explicar y demostrar cómo, apoyada en las estructuras discursivas de la narración, una lectora, por sus contenidos teóricos feministas y su propia óptica como mujer en el mundo, puede re-construir a determinados personajes femeninos de la novela galdosiana —solamente aquellos dotados de una importante entidad narrativa y de elementos subversivos— desde una perspectiva feminista.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:11:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6738.pdf: 1520353 bytes, checksum: 655dc6154d40c751d9ec8be773a5957a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / La Madrid galdosiana es un lugar que potencializa una experiencia estética, donde las relaciones que en ella se construyen nos llaman a mirar su estructura, configuración y materialidad, estableciendo así, relaciones políticas, sociales, artísticas y sus interferencias en el tiempo histórico. Pérez Galdós funde su visión de Madrid del siglo XIX a las técnicas formales a las que recurre para expresar adecuadamente esa visión. El tema, la estructura, el enredo, los personajes, los espacios se convierten en agentes empleados por Pérez Galdós para vitalizar su propia percepción de la ciudad. Pérez Galdós puede ser considerado el primer autor español de novela de la gran ciudad que aborda Madrid como fuente y objeto del texto literario. El presente estudio tiene por finalidad analizar la representación de la ciudad de Madrid en Fortunata y Jacinta (1887), abordando, principalmente, las relaciones entre espacio y personajes. Como Pérez Galdós sistematiza la relación espacio-tiempo dentro de una dimensión histórica y social de la novela. Además, analizamos la presencia de frontera y sus implicaciones en la espacialidade de la novela. Es la literatura y en especial, la novela haciendo una interconexión entre arte y sociedad, estética y vida. Así, este trabajo pretende analizar el espacio representado en el texto literario debido al hecho de vincularse con las identidades sociales específicas, cuyos valores se confunden con el propio espacio, valor cuya resonancia simbólica juzgamos relevante dentro y fuera del universo literario. / A Madri galdosiana é um lugar que potencializa uma experiência estética, onde as relações que nela se constroem chamam-nos a olhar sua estrutura, configuração e materialidade, estabelecendo assim, relações políticas, sociais, artísticas e suas interferências no tempo histórico. Pérez Galdós funde sua visão social da Madri oitocentista às técnicas formais a que recorre para expressar adequadamente essa mesma visão. O tema, a estrutura, o enredo, as personagens, os espaços se tornam agentes empregados por Pérez Galdós para vitalizar sua própria percepção da cidade. Pérez Galdós pode ser considerado o primeiro autor espanhol de romances da grande cidade que aborda Madri como fonte e objeto do texto literário. O presente estudo tem por finalidade analisar a representação de Madri no romance Fortunata y Jacinta (1887), abordando, principalmente, as relações entre espaço e personagens. Como Pérez Galdós sistematiza a relação espaço-tempo dentro da dimensão histórica e social do romance. Além disso, analisamos a presença da fronteira e suas implicações na espacialidade do romance. É a literatura e em especial, o romance interligando arte e sociedade, estética e vida. Assim, esse trabalho pretende analisar o espaço representado no texto literário em função do fato de se vincular com as identidades sociais específicas, cujos valores se confundem com o próprio espaço, valor cuja ressonância simbólica julgamos relevante dentro e fora do universo literário.

No description available.

This paper is a study of the social ideas in the dramas of Benito Pérez Galdós.

No description available.

The following study is an analysis of the initial steps of the process of characterization of Dorotea and Fortunata. This comparative study will illustrate the similarities in the techniques both Cervantes and Galdos employ to create two female characters who, although begin as irrelevant secondary characters, end as protagonists and heroines of their respective story. / The first chapter is dedicated to the two male characters, Cardenio and Juanito. Both authors begin each story with a male character and lead the reader to believe falsely that they will be the protagonists. We conclude that these false protagonists only serve as contrasts to the female characters they introduce. / The second and third chapters deal with the first appearance of Dorotea and Fortunata. We begin with a detailed description and analysis of their physical appearance and the literary techniques used. We discover that both authors achieve the same goal of creating a sensual scene in which they offer a minute description of the female characters in question. Finally, we come to know these two female characters through an analysis of their discourses and language. The characterization process is realized thanks to the interaction between characters and the thinking process. We come to the conclusion that, although separated by approximately three centuries, both authors employ similar techniques and succeed in creating two female characters that excel in their respective lives.

No description available.

This project explores how literary authors used religious discourses in the sociointellectual climates of late nineteenth-century Catholic cultures. It takes its premise from a tacit paradox of Western European modernization: unlike other Western European nations, nations such as France and Spain modernized without adopting Protestantism or doctrines of anti-Catholicism or anticlericalism--and, thus, without a strict break into national secular discourses. Addressing how various religious discourses were used in modernizing France and Spain (respectively, from 1848 and from 1868 to the early twentieth century), I take a cultural-historical approach to representative religiously themed novels and short fiction of the periods. I contend that non-institutionalized traditional Catholic culture (a culture's “religious imaginary” or “Catholic imaginary”) offered authors a plural and, thus, strategic source for making cultural critiques. These critiques would have resonated widely with contemporaneous readerships, and often without overt confrontations (as anticlericalism has historically done). I point to the presence of such critiques specifically in canonical authors’ religious works--works often considered to be aberrational or “too Catholic” to be valued as modern vis-à-vis the landmarks of Western literature. Taking as my key example a novel by the “father of the modern Spanish novel,” Benito Pérez Galdós’s Misericordia or Compassion (1897), I unfold progressive readings of this text based on discourses borrowing historical, thematic, and stylistic elements from the archives of a Catholic imaginary. Thereafter, I broaden my argument by considering how comparable, but distinct, discourses inform social-critical readings of Victor Hugo’s Les Misérables or The Underclass (1862), Gustave Flaubert’s “Un Coeur simple” or “A Simple Heart” (1877), and Emilia Pardo Bazán’s “Un destripador de antaño” or “The Heart Lover” (1900). Overall, the project challenges a critical status quo that has chosen to identify canonical literature in reference to a secular aesthetic program, without allowing for the possibility that cultural-religious discourses might also carry weight for cultures that were modernizing. Additionally, it re-characterizes the modernizing intellectual, seen typically as spiritually cynical or atheist, as one acknowledging the populist force of the religious imaginary freed from church limits. / text

Au moment où la prostitution semble exploser dans les villes, la fille des rues envahit la littérature de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle. Cette héroïne nouvelle acquiert bien vite le premier rôle de ce qui devient un sous-genre romanesque à part entière, le « roman de fille », dont on mettra en évidence la structure et les motifs privilégiés. Un détour par les discours médicaux, moraux et sociaux du temps sur la femme et la prostituée nous permettra de mieux appréhender le fonctionnement et les significations multiples que ce personnage revêt en littérature. Figure du manque et de la dépossession, la prostituée interroge la vision masculine du féminin, mais elle traduit aussi les inquiétudes des contemporains face aux nombreuses mutations sociales, économiques et politiques du siècle ; elle se fait le reflet d’angoisses existentielles sur le rapport au corps, aux autres et à la mort, ainsi que le lieu privilégié de réflexions artistiques et esthétiques / While prostitution was exploding within the cities, the character of the prostitute flourished in the second part of the nineteenth-Century literature. This new heroine quickly gets the leading part in a soon-To-Be proper literary fictional sub-genre, the “prostitute novel”, whose structure and motifs will be pointed out in our research. We will evoke medical, moral and social discourses about women and prostitutes in the 19th century in order to grasp the numerous roles this character can assume in literature. As a protagonist of the loss and deprivation, the prostitute questions the masculine vision of women, but she also embodies her time’s worries about the multiple social, economical and political transformations happening. She also holds a mirror to existential anxieties about the relationship to the Body, the Other and Death, and appears to be a privileged character for artistic and aesthetic considerations