Prosopography seeks to learn about social patterns and establish relationships within a well-defined group of individuals, which is accomplished by studying their biographies and analyzing the data within defined parametres. The adlection of provincials into the equestrian and senatorial orders started during the late Republic and continued into the early Principate. It integrated provincials into Rome’s social and political systems and provides the opportunity to closely examine how their roles evolved as time passed during the early Roman Empire. This thesis will show that Nemausus, a provincial tribal settlement in Gallia Narbonensis, was one of the most important towns of the Roman Empire during the early Principate and achieved its prominence through sustained production of senators from Augustus to Marcus Aurelius and, in particular, through its prominent role during the dynasty of the Five Good Emperors. The role of its equestrians and their inability to attain the highest offices of their order will be discussed. Chapter Three will focus on Nemausus’ physical transformation as it was converted from a Celtic settlement into a Roman colony, and will lay the groundwork for its rise in the established social structures. Chapter Four will provide a detailed examination of Nemausian equestrians, evaluate their careers individually and illustrate how indispensable they were to Nemausus’ growth even if they did not attain the highest offices within their order. Chapter Five will focus on Nemausian senators much in the same manner as the previous chapter. Unlike their equestrian counterparts, Nemausian senators attained great heights in Rome, becoming generals, consuls, and advisors to the emperor. Eventually they became the Imperial family itself, placing the provincial town at the forefront of the Western Roman Empire. Chapter Five will also propose to narrow the scope of Syme’s Hispano-Narbonensian nexus to include only the towns of Italica and Nemausus due to their influence during the dynasty of the Five Good Emperors. A variety of evidence will be used throughout the discussion, in particular epigraphical and literary sources. By examining the careers of Nemausian elites, their impact on the Roman Empire and their native town’s increased status, will be discovered. / Thesis (Master, Classics) -- Queen's University, 2012-04-26 16:30:58.26

L’étude entreprise dans le cadre de cette thèse tente d’établir une synthèse sur l’évolution de la peinture murale romaine en Narbonnaise, sur une période chronologique allant du Ier s. av. J-C. au IIIème s. ap. J.-C. Elle s’appuie sur un catalogue recensant tous les décors connus jusqu’en 2011, soit 394 décors de parois et 29 décors de plafonds. Chaque décor fait l’objet d’une fiche synthétique qui replace chaque élément dans son contexte archéologique, avant de le décrire le plus précisément possible, en l’accompagnant des illustrations disponibles les plus pertinentes. L’analyse des décors a permis, dans un premier temps, de répertorier et classer tous les motifs existants. Le regroupement des motifs a été ensuite l’occasion de mettre en évidence des systèmes décoratifs (agencement des zones inférieure, médiane et supérieure) qui s’éloignent des styles pompéiens traditionnels. Enfin, la confrontation des systèmes décoratifs et des contextes architecturaux dans lesquels ils ont été trouvés, offrent la possibilité de s’interroger sur le rapport entre le décor et l’espace. / This PhD thesis presents a synthetical analysis and evolution of Roman paintings found in the province of Narbonensis from the 1st c. BC to the 3rd c. AD. It includes a catalogue of all the paintings known up to 2011: 394 wall paintings and 29 ceiling paintings. Each decorative effect is carefully described and placed within its archaeological context, and accompanied by the most relevant and best illustrations available. The subsequent analysis of the paintings allowed the reorganisation and classification of all the decorative elements. The resulting groups of elements demonstrate the use of various decorative systems (decoration of lower, medium and upper parts of the walls) which appear to be different from the canonical Pompeian styles. Finally, a comparison of these decorative systems with the architectural contexts in which theywere displayed allows a reflection on the relationship between decoration and its architectural setting.

Nul autre vase en céramique n'aura mieux que le dolium rendu compte de la démesure romaine. C'est par ces mots que débute la présente synthèse qui porte sur le dolium en Gaule Narbonnaise à l'époque romaine.D'abord importée par les Grecs en Italie dans le courant du VIIIe s. av. J.-C., cette grande jarre de stockage en terre cuite va peu à peu conquérir l'ensemble de la Méditerranée nord-occidentale. Parce qu'il constitue un conteneur parfaitement adapté au climat chaud du pourtour méditerranéen, il devient dans le courant du IIe s. av. J.-C. le symbole de la viticulture et de l'oléiculture intensive, et ce au moins jusqu'au IIIe s. ap. J.-C.L'archéologie a longtemps délaissé ce matériel lourd et souvent informe qui jonche pourtant le sol des anciens chais et celliers à dolia des exploitations agricoles antiques. À travers le cas particulier de la Gaule Narbonnaise, le présent travail se propose de réévaluer la place qu'a pu jouer ce conteneur dans le développement économique de cette province, entre le Ier s. av. J.-C. et le IIIe s. ap. J.-C. Utilisant les méthodes de l'archéologie classique, cette étude s'inscrit aussi dans une perspective pluridisciplinaire destinée à mettre en synergie les données archéologiques, archéométriques, épigraphiques et anthropologiques.L'ensemble de la documentation rassemblée constitue une synthèse inédite des connaissances sur le thème du dolium, depuis sa fabrication jusqu'à son utilisation, qui vise à mettre en évidence les modalités du déploiement de ce formidable outil au service du développement économique impérial. / The dolium as no other pottery represents the roman excessiveness. By these words begins the present synthesis that deals with dolium in Gallia Narbonensis.First introduced by Greeks in Italy during the VIIIth s. B.C., this large jar in terracotta will gradually conquer all northwest Mediterranean. As it is perfectly adapted to warm climate of Mediterranean periphery, it became during the IIth s. B.C. the wine and oil intensive production's symbol, at least until the IIIth s. A.D.Archaeology has for a long time neglected this heavy materiel whereas it strews the floor of antics cave and cellar. Through the example of Gallia Narbonnensis, this study aims at reassessing the position of this container in the economic expansion of this province between the Ith s. B.C. and the IIIth s. A.D. Using classical archaeological method, this research includes also a multidisciplinary viewpoint intended to synergise archaeological, archaeometrical, epigraphical and anthropological data.All this documentation constitutes an unprecedented synthesis on dolium, from its manufacturing to its use. The final goal is to bring out the model of deployment of this great instrument, which is assigned to the imperial economic development.

Cette thèse se compose de deux volets indépendants mais complémentaires : d'une part une carte archéologique d'Orange et du nord-ouest du Vaucluse ; d'autre part une étude sur l'origine et la chronologie des importations de céramiques sigillées italiques en Narbonnaise à partir du cas d'Orange. La carte archéologique synthétise les découvertes archéologiques touchant une période comprise entre 700 av. et 700 ap. J.-C. Toutes les informations disponibles ont été prises en compte (manuscrits, rapports d'opérations, sources imprimées) afin de dresser un état de la bibliographie et de préciser nos connaissances des vestiges antiques du nord-ouest du département de Vaucluse. Le corpus ainsi constitué est la base d'une réflexion sur l'occupation de la zone durant l'Antiquité, l'organisation urbaine de la colonie d'Orange et les limites du territoire de la cité. L'aspect historiographique constitue également un point important de ce travail. L'étude céramologique renouvelle nos repères chronologiques sur le développement urbain de la cité durant le premier siècle de son existence grâce, notamment, à la datation de l'enceinte, des différentes constructions monumentales du site de l'hémicycle et des contextes précoces des quartiers d'habitations à l'est du théâtre. L'étude céramologique s'attache par ailleurs à identifier l'origine des sigillées italiques recueillies à l'occasion des différents chantiers de fouilles, ce qui permet de dresser un bilan complet des ateliers. / This thesis consists of two parts, independent but complementary : on the one hand, an archaeological map of Orange and the northwest of Vaucluse; on the other hand, a study of the origin and the chronology of the imports of ceramics called italian sigillata in Gallia Narbonensis based on the case of Orange. The archaeological map synthesizes the archaeological discoveries touching a period included between 700 BC and 700 AD. All the available information was taken into account (manuscripts, reports, printed sources) to draw up a state of the bibliography and specify our knowledge of the antique vestiges of the northwest of Vaucluse. The corpus so established is the basis of a reflection on the occupation of the zone during the Antiquity, the urban organization of the city of Orange and the limits of its political territory. The historiographical aspect also constitutes an important point of this work. The ceramic study renews our chronological points of reference on the urban development of the city for its first century of existence, with in particular the dating of the surrounding wall, the various monumental constructions of the site of the « hémicycle » and the early contexts of living districts east of the theater. Besides, the ceramic study attempts to identify the origin of the examined italian sigillata, drawing up first a ou synthesis of workshops producing this ceramic. Indeed, if the italian sigillat seems well known, we quickly notice that it was almost always considered a homogeneous whole, without taking into account the existence of multiple workshops, in the constitution of typologies and datings.