Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:53:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LucianaTCM_DISSERT.pdf: 2651795 bytes, checksum: 7c2c35dffa683db2b43fb59f0a6f1b0e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-06 / The customer loyalty became strategy factor for the sustainability of business enterprises. And will be them competitive is important to describe the factors than the consumers consider for to choose the business than will buy the product or service. The dissertation objective is to know the factors that influence the consumer s satisfaction and loyalty in gas stations of Natal/RN, using the index national of customer satisfaction. The literature review was directed for strategy concepts, service quality, satisfaction and fidelity consumer and index national of customer satisfaction. The method used was descriptive-explicative, with application of a survey, from march 15 until april 15 of 2013, with 391 consumers of gas station. In relational analysis, we considered eight constructs: quality, price, complaints, satisfaction, image, loyalty, affection and commitment calculated. For customer satisfaction, the factors that influence have resulted in fuel quality, technical skills of vendors and duration of service. For customer loyalty, the factors that influence resulted in: image, feeling for distributor flag post, location and overall satisfaction with the gas station / A fidelidade dos clientes tornou-se fator estrat?gico para a sustentabilidade do neg?cio das empresas. E para torn?-las competitivas ? importante identificar os fatores que os clientes levam em considera??o para escolher a empresa em que ir?o comprar o produto/servi?o. Esta disserta??o de mestrado objetiva conhecer os fatores que influenciam a satisfa??o e fidelidade dos clientes em postos de combust?veis de Natal/RN, tomando como base o modelo noruegu?s de ?ndice de satisfa??o do consumidor. A pesquisa te?rica foi fundamentada nos conceitos de estrat?gia, qualidade nos servi?os, satisfa??o e fidelidade do cliente e especificamente nos ?ndices nacionais de satisfa??o do cliente. O m?todo utilizado foi descritivo-explicativo, com aplica??o de uma pesquisa do tipo survey, no per?odo de 15 de mar?o ? 15 de abril de 2013, com 391 clientes de postos de combust?veis. Foram considerados na an?lise relacional oito constructos: qualidade, pre?o, reclama??o, satisfa??o, imagem, fidelidade, afetividade e compromisso calculado. Para a satisfa??o dos clientes, os fatores que influenciam resultaram em: qualidade do combust?vel; habilidades t?cnicas dos vendedores e tempo de atendimento. Para a fidelidade do cliente, os fatores que influenciaram resultaram em: imagem, sentimento em rela??o a bandeira distribuidora, localiza??o do posto e satisfa??o geral com o posto

The main goal of this thesis is to create business plan for the gas station with help of OMV franchise. Entrepreneurship, franchising and definition of used analyses are described in the theoretical part. Necessary analyses are performed in the analytical part. Suggested business plan and harmonogram of its implementation are described in the last part of this thesis.

The global growth in demand for transportation has been phenomenal, owing to an exponential increase in population, industrialization and urbanization. This has led to a corresponding increase in the number of motor vehicles on the roads globally which has made the transport industry one of the main contributors to environmental pollution and energy insecurity. The profile of alternative fuels has been rising as an important component of the solutions to the challenge of energy sustainability. Compressed natural gas is one of the most successful alternative fuels for motor vehicle applications because of its compatibility with the internal combustion engine, reduced engine maintenance costs, reduced criteria air pollutants, low cost, abundance and the existence of renewable sourced natural gas from biomass. The infrastructure for the delivery of compressed natural gas forms part of the primary energy supply network, which has a significant interdependence with the electricity supply network. The compressed natural gas fuelling station is one of the vital nodes of the gas delivery network, that is also reliant on the electricity supply due to the energy intensive compressors that are required to achieve the right pressure conditions for gas transfer to vehicle tanks. At the same time, the increase in human population, industrialization, urbanization and market volatility have threatened the reliability and stability of electricity supply networks. Traditional reliance on supply upgrading to meet rising demand has proven to be unsustainable due to prohibitively high costs and associated environmental impact. As a result, demand side management solutions, where better use of the existing capacity is emphasized have received increasing attention. Demand side management requires that electricity consumers also play a role in the efficient operation of the electricity grid by minimizing their electricity usage as well as shifting their flexible loads away from peak electricity demand periods, so that grid stability is sustained. In order to participate in demand side management initiatives, operators of compressed natural gas stations need technically and economically sound strategies for the operation of station compressors and system components so that energy costs are minimized and gas transfer performance is enhanced. The compressed natural gas fast-fill station, being the most used configuration for commercial fuelling service is the focus of the work carried out in this thesis, with a description of solutions to minimize energy consumption, minimize energy costs and improve gas transfer performance through reduction of filling time. For this purpose, firstly, an optimal control strategy that minimizes energy cost by shifting the compressor load optimally away from the peak electricity pricing period under a time-of-use electricity tariff, while meeting the gas demand is modelled and evaluated. The controller further minimizes the switching frequency of the compressor thereby avoiding an increase in wear and tear which would lead to higher maintenance costs. The results show the effectiveness of the optimal operation model to achieve a huge reduction in electricity cost for the compressed natural gas station, when compressor-on time is shifted to offpeak and standard electricity pricing times. Further strategies for the minimization of switching frequency are compared and the superior approach identified. Secondly, a hierarchical operation optimization model is designed and evaluated. The strategy achieves minimized electricity cost and optimal vehicle filling time by optimally controlling the gas dispenser and priority panel valve function under an optimised schedule of compressor operation. The results show that the proposed approach is effective in achieving a minimum electricity costs in the upper layer optimisation while meeting vehicle gas demand over the control horizon. Further, a reduction in filling time is achieved through a lower layer model predictive control of the pressure-ratio-dependent fuelling process. Thirdly, an evaluation of compressor optimal sizing is carried out to minimize energy consumption and cascade the benefits of optimal operation of the compressed natural gas compressor under the time-of-use tariff. A comparison of the implication of using a variable speed drive or a fixed speed drive which are optimally sized is carried out. Results show that indeed further reduction in electricity costs for the compressed natural gas station is realized when optimally sized compressor drives are used in combination with optimal operation strategies. Additionally, the four line priority panel is evaluated for gas transfer performance and found to further increase the efficiency of vehicle fuelling which is a performance indicator for consumer convenience. The outcomes of this work demonstrate the effectiveness of the approaches proposed as necessary to integrate compressed natural gas stations, which are vital nodes of the gas delivery network, with the demand side management of the electricity grid while at the same time enhancing the gas transfer performance. This increases the economic efficiency of the compressed natural gas as an alternative fuel and also advances the goals of demand side management in electricity grid reliability and stability. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering / PhD / Unrestricted

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:52:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaCMMC_DISSRET.pdf: 1848396 bytes, checksum: d234343dd6039ff266545425f2521cf4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-29 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / natural resources that still enjoy, in the certainty that if we do not, could culminate at the end of that remains. The environmental contamination by fuels in the retail service of oil and biofuels, has been a subject of growing research in Brazil, due to the large pollution potential of this activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of implementing the Environmental Management System (EMS) in fuel retail service stations in the city of Parnamirim-RN, but also describe the current situation the same as licensing and environmental characterization; identify existing barriers to implementation of EMS on the costs, technologies, knowledge, vision, present the potential benefits for the implementation of the EMS (social, economic and environmental), to identify the existence of plans for future action to implement the EMS , as a subsidy to promote the implementation of it. The methodology was developed through analysis of documents provided by the environmental agency responsible for licensing of retail service stations and fuel pala ANP. For data collection, we used the questionnaire was applied directly to managers or managers of sub-stations. Data were collected in 12 of 30 posts in the municipality. For purposes of data treatment was performed a descriptive analysis with respect to the opinion of twelve managers (respondents). The data acquired, according to the Likert scale were tabulated and analyzed using software SPSS 17.0 and Excel 2003, it was generated tables and graphs to observe the behavior of the data. The results showed that most respondents have a schooling level higher (58.3%) of the jobs surveyed 50% work on average 6 to 10 years and 41.6% are in operation for over 11 years , 75.0% do not have a license to operate and 12 stations, 58.3% were sued for not having a license to operate and are therefore in full commercial activity, 83% of jobs have some practice environmentally responsible, 75% agree in making planning future action to implement 8 the EMS in their ventures, 70% in full agreement that the high cost is a form of impediment to implementation of EMS; 66.67% agreed that resistance to change is an impediment to implementation of EMS; 90.91% agreed that the implementation of EMS is very complex, 80% of respondents agreed in a very significant environmental legislation is also a key factor preventing the implementation of EMS is noteworthy that 100% of respondents agreed that the knowledge about the use of the EMS will help to solve environmental problems in the fuel retail service stations, the implementation of the EMS will benefit with increased efficiency of resources applied to the findings by the agreement of 91.66% of respondents, where only 8, 33% disagreed, there was also a percentage of 100%, agreed that the company's image will be a great benefit, but also a contribution to solving environmental problems in the fuel retail service stations. Thus, the importance of the implementation of EMS in the fuel retail service stations in the city of Parnamirim-RN, with an urgent need to be deployed. And the bodies responsible for policy on state-run and supervise more tightly and action, this type of activity, in order to regulate the sustainable functioning of retail service stations of fuel, thus promoting a better quality of life for the population of the municipality of natal-RN / Ap?s anos de devasta??o, surge a necessidade de uma conscientiza??o global em preservar o restante de bens naturais de que ainda usufru?mos, na certeza de que se n?o o fizermos, poder? culminar no fim do que nos resta. A contamina??o do meio ambiente por combust?veis nos postos revendedores de derivados de petr?leo e biocombust?veis, tem sido um crescente objeto de pesquisas no Brasil, devido o grande potencial poluidor desta atividade. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi de avaliar a import?ncia de implanta??o do Sistema de Gest?o Ambiental (SGA), em postos revendedores de combust?veis no munic?pio de Parnamirim-RN, como tamb?m, descrever a situa??o atual dos mesmos quanto ao licenciamento ambiental e sua caracteriza??o; identificar as barreiras existentes para implanta??o do SGA, quanto aos custos, tecnologias, conhecimento, vis?o; apresentar os poss?veis benef?cios para a implanta??o do SGA (a n?vel social, econ?mico e ambiental); identificar a exist?ncia de planejamentos de a??o futura para implanta??o do SGA, como subs?dio para promover a implanta??o do mesmo. A metodologia foi desenvolvida atrav?s das analises de documentos disponibilizados pelo ?rg?o ambiental respons?vel pelo licenciamento dos postos revendedores de combust?veis e pala ANP. Para coleta dos dados, utilizou-se a aplica??o do question?rio diretamente aos gerentes ou sub-gerentes dos postos. Os dados foram coletados em 12 dos 30 postos existentes no munic?pio. Para efeito de tratamento dos dados, foi realizada uma an?lise descritiva com rela??o ? opini?o de doze gerentes (entrevistados). Os dados adquiridos, segundo a Escala Likert foram tabulados e analisados no Software SPSS 17.0 e Excel 2003, onde foram gerados as tabelas e gr?ficos para observar o comportamento dos dados. Os resultados mostraram: que a maioria dos entrevistados possuem um grau de escolaridade de n?vel superior (58,3%); dos postos pesquisados 50% funcionam em media de 6 a 10 anos e 41,6% est?o em funcionamento a mais de 11 anos; 75,0% n?o possuem licen?a para operar e dos 12 postos, 58,3% foram autuados por n?o possu?rem licen?a para operar, estando assim, em plena atividade comercial; 83% dos postos possuem alguma pr?tica considerada ambientalmente correta; 75% concordam em fazer planejamento de a??o futura para implantar o SGA em seus empreendimentos; 70% concorda 6 plenamente que o custo elevado ? uma forma de impedimento para implanta??o do SGA; 66,67% concordaram que a resist?ncia a mudan?a ? um impedimento a implanta??o do SGA; 90,91% concordaram que a implanta??o do SGA ? muito complexa; 80% dos entrevistados concordaram de uma forma bem significativa que a legisla??o ambiental ? tamb?m fator chave para o impedimento da implanta??o do SGA; Vale ressaltar que 100% dos entrevistados concordaram que o conhecimento quanto ao uso do SGA, contribuir? para solucionar os problemas ambientais existentes nos postos revendedores de combust?veis; a implanta??o do SGA trar? com benef?cio maior efici?ncia dos recursos aplicados o que foi constatado pela concord?ncia de 91,66% dos entrevistados, onde apenas 8,33% discordaram; houve tamb?m um percentual de 100% onde concordaram que a imagem da empresa ter? um grande benef?cio, como tamb?m, a contribui??o para solucionar os problemas ambientais existentes nos postos revendedores de combust?veis. Desta forma, a import?ncia da implanta??o do SGA nos postos revendedores de combust?veis do munic?pio de Parnamirim-RN, necessita com uma urg?ncia, ser implantado. E que os ?rg?os respons?veis pela pol?tica de gest?o estadual, fiscalizem com maior rigidez e a??o, esse tipo de atividade, com o objetivo de disciplinar o funcionamento sustent?vel dos postos revendedores de combust?veis, promovendo assim uma melhor qualidade de vida para a popula??o do munic?pio de Parnamirim-RN

This project is based on the studies we made of Eskilstuna's countryside. Engines and mechanics are a recurring interest among the population in Eskilstuna. At the same time, petrol prices are becoming more expensive and the transition to electric power is starting to pick up speed, which is positive in many ways. Working with machines and vehicles is a part of the culture in the countryside. Today, however, this phenomenon is not seen as frequently as before. This is partly because today's cars and tools look different. Frankly, today's mechanics look different and use completely different tools. You do not need forearms that look like logs, or a plethora of different keys and tools, nor do you need to have that extreme habit of mechanics. Today it is also about computer skills and being technically savvy. We have an extremely high level of technology in our things. Computerisation has struck with full force. For better or worse. Our things have become safer and friendlier to our surroundings, but also more complicated. About a 15-minute drive west of Eskilstuna along road 230 is what in the 1960s was a farmhouse but which has been transformed into what today looks like a dump site for  scrap. A group of innovative car enthusiasts from Eskilstuna's countryside see here an opportunity to create a modern workshop to be able to build, repair and maintain electric cars and tools. At the same time, the building also contributes with premises that will support the local population in their everyday lives. The idea is that the building will function as an accelerator to handle the challenges that the transition to electric power entails with a focus on re-use and community, which will also be reflected in the building's simple but flexible structure. / Det här projektet är baserat på de analyser vi gjort av Eskilstunas landsbygd. Motorer och mekanik är ett återkommande intresse bland befolkningen i Eskilstuna. Samtidigt blir bensinpriserna dyrare och övergången till eldrivet börjar ta fart vilket på många sätt är positivt. Att meka med maskiner och fordon är en del av kulturen på landsbygden. Idag så ser man dock inte detta fenomen lika frekvent som förr. Det handlar dels om att dagens bilar och verktyg ser annorlunda ut. Vill man hårdra det så ser dagens mekaniker annorlunda ut och använder sig av helt andra verktyg. Det behövs inte underarmar som ser ut som stockar, eller en uppsjö av olika nycklar och verktyg och man behöver heller inte ha den där extrema vanan av mekanik. Idag handlar det också om datavana och att vara tekniskt insatt. Vi har extremt mycket teknik i våra saker.  Datoriseringen har slagit med full kraft. På gott och ont. Våra saker har blivit säkrare och vänligare mot vår omgivning, men även mer komplicerade. Ungefär 15 minuters bilresa väster om Eskilstuna längs med väg 230 ligger vad som på 60-talet var en bondgård men som förvandlats till vad som idag liknar en dump-plats för gammalt skrot.   En grupp nytänkande bil-entusiaster från Eskilstunas landsbygd ser här en möjlighet till att skapa en modern verkstad för att kunna bygga, reparera och underhålla elektriska bilar och verktyg. Samtidigt bidrar också byggnaden med lokaler som ska stödja lokalbefolkningen i sin vardag.   Tanken är att byggnaden ska fungera som en accelerator för att hantera dem utmaningar som övergången till el-drivet för med sig med fokus på återbruk och gemenskap vilket också ska speglas i byggnadens simpla men flexibla struktur.

本研究係進行台灣地區加油站市場產業經營環境分析並進行加油站經營狀況市場調查，市場調查之內容包括：加油站經理經營滿意度、加油站經營策略型態、加油站服務構面、中油公司提供民營加油站服務滿意度、加盟站服務需求及民營加油站未來經營動向。最後綜合上述資訊就研究問題探討對中油公司之經營涵義。 本研究報告包括以下之內容與發現： 1. 對加油站市場產業之總體環境、市場供需、競爭環境、消費者行為與主要發展趨勢進行分析。 2. 將台灣地區1,909座加油站以汽油、柴油與總銷量做為集群分析之變數，發現可分為汽油專賣導向型、集團自用型、大型汽油導向型、柴油導向型、中型汽油導向型、小型汽油導向型及小本經營型等七類加油站類型。 3. 將台灣地區23個縣市以汽油與總銷量做為集群分析之變數，結果發現各縣市依油量消費特性可分類為商工縣市型、商農縣型、大都會型、大都會周邊型、偏遠型及港埠型等六個油品消費類型縣市。 4. 以上不同銷量類型加油站、油品消費類型縣市與公民營企業特質均會影響加油站之經營方式，而其中以公民營企業特質之影響較為強烈。 5. 本研究在加油站經營中所採用28個服務項目以因素分析法可歸類歸屬於加油功能、附加服務、品牌聲譽及促銷四個主要服務構面。 6. 利用因素分析所獲得之加油功能、擴充功能、品牌聲譽及促銷四個因素做為變數以集群分析可將台灣1,909座加油站分為促銷導向型、全方位經營型與專業加油型三類策略群組。 7. 分析中油公司提供民營加油站服務滿意度、加盟站服務需求及民營加油站未來經營動向調查結果。 8. 就各項研究問題探討對中油公司經營策略涵義。

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:09:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ClaudiaACF_TESE.pdf: 6242500 bytes, checksum: 7a857ce8be46bd85b252fca3bf3fa45c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-24 / The increasing use of fossil fuels in line with cities demographic explosion carries out to huge environmental impact in society. For mitigate these social impacts, regulatory requirements have positively influenced the environmental consciousness of society, as well as, the strategic behavior of businesses. Along with this environmental awareness, the regulatory organs have conquered and formulated new laws to control potentially polluting activities, mostly in the gas stations sector. Seeking for increasing market competitiveness, this sector needs to quickly respond to internal and external pressures, adapting to the new standards required in a strategic way to get the Green Badge . Gas stations have incorporated new strategies to attract and retain new customers whom present increasingly social demand. In the social dimension, these projects help the local economy by generating jobs and income distribution. In this survey, the present research aims to align the social, economic and environmental dimensions to set the sustainable performance indicators at Gas Stations sector in the city of Natal/RN. The Sustainable Balanced Scorecard (SBSC) framework was create with a set of indicators for mapping the production process of gas stations. This mapping aimed at identifying operational inefficiencies through multidimensional indicators. To carry out this research, was developed a system for evaluating the sustainability performance with application of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) through a quantitative method approach to detect system s efficiency level. In order to understand the systemic complexity, sub organizational processes were analyzed by the technique Network Data Envelopment Analysis (NDEA) figuring their micro activities to identify and diagnose the real causes of overall inefficiency. The sample size comprised 33 Gas stations and the conceptual model included 15 indicators distributed in the three dimensions of sustainability: social, environmental and economic. These three dimensions were measured by means of classical models DEA-CCR input oriented. To unify performance score of individual dimensions, was designed a unique grouping index based upon two means: arithmetic and weighted. After this, another analysis was performed to measure the four perspectives of SBSC: learning and growth, internal processes, customers, and financial, unifying, by averaging the performance scores. NDEA results showed that no company was assessed with excellence in sustainability performance. Some NDEA higher efficiency Gas Stations proved to be inefficient under certain perspectives of SBSC. In the sequence, a comparative sustainable performance and assessment analyzes among the gas station was done, enabling entrepreneurs evaluate their performance in the market competitors. Diagnoses were also obtained to support the decision making of entrepreneurs in improving the management of organizational resources and promote guidelines the regulators. Finally, the average index of sustainable performance was 69.42%, representing the efforts of the environmental suitability of the Gas station. This results point out a significant awareness of this segment, but it still needs further action to enhance sustainability in the long term / A crescente utiliza??o de combust?veis f?sseis alinhada ? explos?o demogr?fica em centros urbanos tem ocasionado grandes problemas de impacto ambiental na sociedade. Para mitigar esses impactos, as exig?ncias dos ?rg?os reguladores t?m influenciado positivamente na consci?ncia ambiental da sociedade, bem como no comportamento estrat?gico das empresas. Com essa consci?ncia ambiental, os ?rg?os t?m conquistado maiores respaldos e formulado novas legisla??es no controle de atividades potencialmente poluidoras, sobretudo no setor dos postos revendedores de combust?veis. Em busca de aumentar a competitividade no mercado, esse segmento precisa responder rapidamente ?s press?es (externas e internas), adequando-se aos novos padr?es exigidos de maneira estrat?gica na obten??o do selo verde. Os postos t?m incorporado novas estrat?gias para atrair e fidelizar clientes cada vez mais exigentes. No ?mbito social, esses empreendimentos auxiliam a economia local com a gera??o de empregos e distribui??o de renda. Mediante esse contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo alinhar as dimens?es social, econ?mica e ambiental caracterizando a mensura??o do desempenho sustent?vel nos postos de revenda de combust?vel na cidade do Natal/RN. As perspectivas do Balanced Scorecard Sustent?vel (SBSC) foram fundamentadas por meio de um conjunto de indicadores para mapear o processo produtivo dos postos. Esse mapeamento visou identificar a inefici?ncia operacional por meio de indicadores multidimensionais. Na condu??o desta pesquisa, elaborou-se um sistema de avalia??o do desempenho sustent?vel com aplica??o do Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), uma abordagem quantitativa para detectar o n?vel de efici?ncia do sistema. Com o intuito de compreender a complexidade sist?mica, os sub processos organizacionais foram analisados por meio da t?cnica Network Data Envelopment Analysis (NDEA) com o desmembramento das suas micro atividades para identificar e diagnosticar as reais causas de inefici?ncia. O tamanho amostral foi composto por 33 postos de revenda de combust?vel e o modelo conceitual contemplou 15 indicadores distribu?dos nas tr?s dimens?es da sustentabilidade: social, ambiental e econ?mica. Essas tr?s dimens?es foram mensuradas por meio de modelos cl?ssicos DEA-CCR com orienta??o input. Visando unificar o escore de desempenho individual das dimens?es, foi elaborado um ?nico ?ndice considerado parcialmente agrupado por meio de duas m?dias: aritm?tica e ponderada. Posteriormente, outra an?lise foi realizada para mensurar as quatro perspectivas do SBSC: aprendizado e crescimento; processos internos; clientes; e, financeira, unificando, por meio da m?dia os escores de desempenho. Os resultados do modelo NDEA apontaram que nenhuma empresa foi avaliada com excel?ncia no desempenho sustent?vel. Os postos com maiores ?ndices de efici?ncia mostraram-se ineficientes em determinadas perspectivas do SBSC. Na sequ?ncia, as an?lises apresentaram uma avalia??o do desempenho sustent?vel e das perspectivas de maneira comparativa entre os postos, possibilitando aos empres?rios avaliarem seu desempenho entre os concorrentes. Foram tamb?m obtidos diagn?sticos para subsidiar a tomada de decis?o dos empres?rios na melhoria do gerenciamento dos recursos organizacionais e promover diretrizes balizadoras nos ?rg?os regulamentadores. O escore m?dio do desempenho sustent?vel foi 69,42% representando os esfor?os empreendidos na adequa??o ambiental dos postos. Isso sinaliza uma consider?vel consci?ncia desse segmento, por?m ainda necessita de novas a??es para incrementar a sustentabilidade no longo prazo

Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Escola de Enfermagem, 2012. / Submitted by eloisa silva (eloisa1_silva@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-04-11T17:59:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 laurelize.pdf: 6148929 bytes, checksum: dcdab4b1b37b4e7936c70f4568153450 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Bruna Vieira(bruninha_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2013-06-12T18:25:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 laurelize.pdf: 6148929 bytes, checksum: dcdab4b1b37b4e7936c70f4568153450 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-12T18:25:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 laurelize.pdf: 6148929 bytes, checksum: dcdab4b1b37b4e7936c70f4568153450 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Este estudo discute a relação saúde-trabalho-ambiente, concernente ao ambiente de trabalho dos postos de combustíveis, que se apresenta com inúmeros riscos a saúde, entre os quais destaca-se a exposição a gasolina, que apresenta em sua constituição o benzeno, de caráter tóxico, leucemogênico e cancerígeno. Tem-se como objetivos: (1) identificar, na produção científica nacional e internacional, os riscos e os agravos gerados pela exposição ocupacional ao benzeno e as medidas de proteção indicadas nos estudos identificados; (2) Identificar a utilização de equipamentos de proteção individual(EPI), autorreferidos por trabalhadores frentistas da cidade do Rio Grande/RS. Metodologia: utilizou-se a revisão integrativa da literatura e a pesquisa de campo empírica. A revisão integrativa constituiu-se por seis etapas: definição da questão norteadora; estabelecimento de critérios de inclusão/exclusão; definição das informações a serem extraídas dos artigos selecionados; análise dos estudos incluídos; interpretações dos resultados e apresentação dos resultados. A coleta de dados realizou-se por meio de levantamento on-line de artigos científicos indexados nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE, CINAHL e no Portal SciELO, publicados no período de 2000 a 2009 por meio dos descritores benzene e occupational exposure. Na base de dados CINAHL, realizou-se segunda busca através dos descritores benzene and occupational risks e terceira busca com os descritores benzene and exposure. A primeira análise partiu da leitura dos resumos e após os artigos na íntegra, selecionando-se a amostra. Para esta realizou-se a organização dos dados em subgrupos, explicitação dos dados de acordo com o problema de pesquisa, comparação dos dados e conclusão. A pesquisa de campo empírica conformou um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, e exploratório por meio de questionário e registro de observação não participante e sistemática. Realizou-se em 22 postos de combustíveis situados no município do Rio Grande/RS, a população amostrada compôs-se de 221 atendentes de postos de gasolina. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística descritiva e o Teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson com nível de significância estatística de α=0,05. O controle de qualidade das questões através do teste Alpha de Cronbach, obtendo-se o resultado de 0,96. Este projeto integra um macroprojeto de pesquisa ―SAÚDE, RISCOS E DOENÇAS OCUPACIONAIS ESTUDO INTEGRADO EM DIFERENTES AMBIENTES DE TRABALHO‖. Como resultados da revisão integrativa obteve-se 41 artigos, 90,24% internacionais e 9,75% nacionais. A partir da análise definiu-se três categorias: Tipos de exposição ao benzeno; Agravos e doenças ocupacionais relacionados ao benzeno e Medidas de proteção à exposição ao benzeno. Tais aspectos merecem ser explorados, pois se constatou os muitos estudos a respeito da exposição, porém poucos referentes à proteção e promoção a saúde do trabalhador. A partir da pesquisa de campo constatou-se que a maioria dos trabalhadores (90,5%) era do sexo masculino, a faixa etária entre 19 e 64 anos e (50,2%) possuíam ensino médio. Verificou-se a predominância da multifunção, atuação no setor e no exercício da função há menos de um ano; utilização de botinas e avental, conforme autoreferido. Além destes, apontaram a utilização de 9 luvas, máscara, óculos, protetor auricular e uniforme. A observação confirmou apenas o uso de botinas e uniformes. / The present study discusses the relation health-work-environment, regarding the work environment of gas stations, which presents in itself uncountable health hazards, remarkably the exposition to gasoline, which has in its composition benzene, a toxic compound, with leukaemogenic and carcinogenic features. The objectives are: (1) identify, in the national and international scientific production, the risks and problems generated by the occupational exposition to benzene and the protective measures proposed by the studies identified; (2) identify the usage of individual protection equipment (IPE), auto-referred by gas station workers of the city of Rio Grande/RS. Methodology: an integrative revision of literature and an empirical field survey were used. The integrative revision was composed of six stages: definition of the leading question; establishment of inclusion/exclusion criteria; definition of the information to be extracted from the selected articles; interpretation and presentation of the results. The data collection was carried out by an on-line screening of scientific articles indexed in the databases LILACS, MEDLINE, CINAHL and also in the Scielo Portal, published in the 2000 – 2009 period, indexed by the descriptors benzene and occupational exposure. In the database CINAHL, a second search was conducted through the descriptors benzene and occupational risks and a third search with the keywords benzene and exposure. The first analysis departed from the reading of the abstracts and, afterwards, the whole articles, thus, selecting the sample. For the sample, an organization of the data i n sub-groups, the detailing of data according to the research problem, the comparison of data and the conclusion were done. The empirical field research configured a quantitative, descriptive and exploratory study, by means of a questionnaire and the register of not participant and systematic observations. In the municipality of Rio Grande, twenty two gas stations were studied. The population sample was composed of 221 attendants from these gas stations. The data were submitted to a descriptive statistical analysis and to the Pearson Chi-squared test, with a significance level of α=0,05. The quality control of the questions through the Cronbach Alpha test, presented a result of 0,96. This Project is part of a research macro project named ―Health, risks and occupational diseases – Integrated study in different work environments‖. As results of the integrative revision, 41 articles were found: 90.24% international and 9.76% national. From the analysis, three categories were defined: Exposition kinds to benzene, Problems and occupational health related to benzene and Protective measures to benzene exposure. Such aspects deserve to be explored, for many studies were found regarding the exposition, however, very few were found related to protection and promotion of the worker’s health. From the field research, it was verified that the majority of workers (90.5%) was of the male sex, their age was between 19 and 64 and (50.2%) of them have the equivalent of a high school degree. It was also verified the predominance of multi-functionality, the actuation in the sector and exercising of the function for less than a year, the usage of boots and aprons, as the auto-referred. Besides these, it was also noted the usage of gloves, mask, goggles, auricular protector and uniform. The observation confirmed just the use of boots and uniforms. / Este estudio discute la relación salud-trabajo-ambiente, al respecto del ambiente de trabajo de las estaciones de servicio, que se presenta con inúmeros riesgos a la salud, entre los cuales se destaca la exposición a la gasolina, que presenta en su constitución el benceno, de carácter tóxico, leucemogénico y cancerígeno. Los objetivos son: (1) identificar, en la producción científica nacional e internacional, los riesgos y los agravios generados por la exposición ocupacional al benceno y las medidas de protección indicadas en los estudios identificados; (2) Identificar la utilización de equipamientos de protección individual(EPI), autoreferidos por trabajadores de estación de servicio de la ciudad de Rio Grande/RS. Metodología: Se utilizó la revisión integrativa de la literatura y la investigación de campo empírica. La revisión integrativa se constituye en seis etapas: definición de la cuestión guía; establecimiento de criterios de inclusión/exclusión; definición de las informaciones a ser extraídas de los artículos seleccionados; análisis de los estudios incluidos; interpretaciones de los resultados y presentación de los resultados. La colecta de los datos se realizó por medio de levantamiento on-line de artículos científicos indexados en las bases de datos LILACS, MEDLINE, CINAHL y en el Portal SciELO, publicados en el período de 2000 a 2009 por medio de los descriptores benzene yoccupational exposure. En la base de datos CINAHL, se realizó segunda búsqueda a través de los descriptores benzene and occupational risks y tercera búsqueda con los descriptores benzene and exposure. El primer análisis partió de la lectura de los resúmenes y después los artículos en la íntegra, seleccionándose la muestra. Para esta se realizó la organización de los datos en subgrupos, explicitación de los datos de acuerdo con el problema de investigación, comparación de los datos y conclusión. La investigación de campo empírica, conformó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, y exploratorio por medio de cuestionario y registro de observación no participante y sistemática. Se realizó en 22 estaciones de combustible situadas en el municipio de Río Grande/RS, la población de la muestra se compuso de 221 trabajadores de estación de servicio. Los datos fueron sometidos al análisis estadística descriptiva y el Teste chi cuadrado de Pearson con nivel de significancia estadística de α=0,05. El control de cualidad de las preguntas a través del teste Alpha de Cronbach, obteniendo el resultado de 0,96. Este proyecto integra un macro proyecto de investigación ―SALUD, RIESGOS Y ENFERMEDADES OCUPACIONALES ESTUDIO INTEGRADO EN DIFERENTES AMBIENTES DE TRABAJO‖. Como resultado de la revisión integrativa se obtuvo 41 artículos, 90,24% internacionales y 9,75% nacionales. A partir del análisis se definió tres categorías: Tipos de exposición al benceno; Agravios y enfermedades ocupacionales relacionadas al benceno y Medidas de protección a la exposición al benceno. Tales aspectos merecen ser explorados, pues se constató los diversos estudios al respecto de la exposición, sin embargo, pocos referentes a la protección y promoción de la salud del trabajador. A partir de la investigación de campo se constató que la mayoría de los trabajadores (90,5%) era del sexo masculino, la faja etaria entre 19 y 64 años y (50,2%) poseían enseñanza secundaria. Se verificó la 13 predominancia de la multifunción, actuación en el sector y en el ejercicio de la función a menos de un año; utilización de botas y delantal, conforme autoreferido. Además de estos, apuntaron la utilización de guantes, máscara, lentes, protector auricular y uniforme. La observación confirmó apenas el uso de botas y uniformes.

I have designed a housing project that is an infill to an existing housing block in the city center of Stockholm. When I started this project the themes everydayness and building typology was central for me. That is why I also chose to work with the site Sälgen 4; a corner site and one of few remaining gaps in the block structure of the city center. Today there is a gas station on the site, which I for this project presume could be removed. When working with this project I found interest in what simplified could be called soft flexibility, where measurement, shape and connection to other spaces are dealt with in order to enable for different kinds of usage. This type of flexibility I encountered when studying late 19th century dwellings in Stockholm city center. I have developed similar apartments, often with a size of about 140 m2 with 4,5 rooms and an additional kitchen. Even all the room units are similar with over 4 m width and close to square shapes. This enabled the creation of very generic spaces but also introduced me to an interesting paradox; the on the architectural drawing less dynamic floor plan create on the other hand the most dynamic ways to inhabit the spaces. Also the loggia has been an important feature in my design. / Jag har ritat ett bostadshus som är ett infill till ett befintligt kvarter i Stockholms innerstad. När jag började projektet så var temana vardaglighet och byggnadstypologi viktiga för mig. Därför valde jag att arbeta med tomten Sälgen 4; en hörntomt och en av få luckor i kvartersstaden. Idag finns där en bensinmack men jag har sett det som en förutsättning för projektet att den kan tas bort.   Under projektets gång har jag intresserat mig för vad som förenklat kan kallas för mjuk flexibilitet, där rummens mått, form och angöring möjliggör för många olika typer av användning. Den typen av flexibilitet upptäckte jag då jag studerade gamla sekelskifteshus i Stockholm   Jag har arbetat fram likartade lägenheter på oftast runt 140 m2 med 4,5 rum och kök. Även rumsenheterna är nästan identiska med drygt 4 m i bredd och nära kvadratisk form. På så vis har jag skapat en hög grad av generallitet men också konfronterats med en spännande paradox; de å ena sidan som ritning minst dynamiska planerna, kommer å andra sidan att generera den mest dynamiska och tillåtande användningen av dem. Även loggian har varit ett viktigt inslag i min design.