O presente trabalho aborda questões relativas à pluralidade e ao dinamismo da mesa paulistana, explorando a comida para além de sua característica nutricional, em seus aspectos sócio-cultural e econômico. Para tanto, considera as condicionantes que levam a essa diversidade que caracteriza a gastronomia paulistana, como o passado colonial e os intensos fluxos migratórios, destacando também a realidade de uma cidade cosmopolita, global. Discute, igualmente, transformações que vêm ocorrendo na cidade de São Paulo e que impactam o mercado de alimentação; caracterizando-a como o principal polo gastronômico do país e maior mercado brasileiro. Em adição à discussão teórica, expõem-se entendimentos e percepções sobre esse mercado de alimentação em São Paulo, colhidos em entrevistas realizadas com chefs e proprietários de restaurantes e jornalistas especializados na área. Assim, oferece um panorama da mesa paulistana e fomenta uma atitude reflexiva a respeito da gastronomia na cidade de São Paulo. / This dissertation deals with issues regarding the plural and dynamic aspects of the cuisine from the city of São Paulo (paulistana cuisine), approaching food from its sociocultural and economic aspects and going beyond its nutritional content. In order to do so, it considers the factors that have created the diversity that characterises paulistana gastronomy, such as its colonial past, the intense migration flows that marked it, as well as its reality as a cosmopolitan, global, city. It also discusses the changes that have been taking place in the city, as Brazil\'s main gastronomic hub and market, and which have an impact on the food market. In addition to the theoretical investigation, the dissertation presents interviews carried out with chefs, restaurant owners and journalists specialised in gastronomy, showing their opinions and perceptions regarding the food market in São Paulo. Hence, this dissertation portrays São Paulo\'s food scene and foments a reflective attitude towards gastronomy in the city.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-01-24T09:36:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiana Lunardelli.pdf: 44680761 bytes, checksum: fd6524ca86505399ec8f30b561fb2600 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-24T09:36:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiana Lunardelli.pdf: 44680761 bytes, checksum: fd6524ca86505399ec8f30b561fb2600 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo - PUCSP / Between 1 984 and 2011 Catalan chef Ferran Adrià produced something around 1 0,000 documents, including sketches, texts and photos of everything that was produced in El Bulli. Since the the grand opening of the restaurant Epice in São Paulo, led by Chef Alberto Landgraf, all the dishes development, from techniques, suppliers, researches, were recorded in a notebook and posted on the Instagram app. Many other chefs record their processes and eventually post them on Instagram. All these documents are slowly being shown in specialized publications and social networks. Can the reading of these notebooks, with the revelation of all the layers of research involved in the elaboration of a dish and the critical approach of the creative process, offer new elements to the journalists, a more technical look, free from only the personal judgment that floods today’s specialized press? The purpose of this research is to investigate the communicative relation in the creative process of chefs, focusing on the work of Catalan chef Ferran Adrià and chef Alberto Landgraf and also on other chefs that adopted the same type of creative processes recording. The research proposes an understanding of creative processes, that is, how this creation takes place, from the concept of creation as a network under construction, as is presented by Cecília Salles, which has as its theoretical foundation Peircean semiotic line, the network concept of Pierre Musso, in dialogue with thinkers of culture, like Edgar Morim and Iuri Lotman. The research also intends to establish interactions with gastronomy scholars such as Massimo Montanari and Carlos Alberto Dória. As for its methodology, a four-month follow-up of chefAlberto Landgraf's process was carried out and an analysis of the documents will be made, that is, the notebooks and annotations used by the chef in his creative process; analysis of the records made by the Catalan chef during the years of existence of his restaurant El Bulli, as well as documents posted on Instagram by other chefs and interviews conducted by me during the masters degree / Entre os anos de 1 984 e 2011 o chef catalão Ferran Adrià produziu algo em torno de 1 0 mil documentos, entre esboços, textos e fotos de tudo o que foi produzido no El Bulli. Desde a inauguração do restaurante paulistano Epice, comandado pelo chef Alberto Landgraf, todos os pratos desenvolvidos, desde técnicas, fornecedores, buscas, foi registrado em um caderno e divulgado no aplicativo Instagram. Inúmeros outros chefs de cozinha registram seus processos e eventualmente publicam no aplicativo Instagram. Todos esses documentos produzidos aos poucos vem sendo mostrados em publicações especializadas e redes sociais. A leitura desses cadernos, com a revelação das inúmeras camadas de pesquisa que envolvem a elaboração de um prato e a abordagem critica do processo criativo, pode oferecer para os jornalistas de gastronomia novos elementos, um olhar mais técnico, livre de somente julgamentos pessoais que atualmente inundam a imprensa especializada? O objetivo dessa pesquisa é investigar as relações comunicativas no processo de criação dos chefs de cozinha, com foco no trabalho do chef catalão Ferran Adrià e do chef Alberto Landgraf em diálogo com outros chefs que adotam o mesmo tipo de registro de seus processos criativos. A pesquisa é uma proposta de leitura dos processos criativos, ou seja, de como se dá esse percurso de criação, a partir do conceito de criação como rede em construção, como é apresentado por Cecília Salles, entendimento que tem como fundamentação teórica a semiótica de linha peirceana, o conceito de rede de Pierre Musso, em diálogo com pensadores da cultura, como Edgar Morim e Iuri Lotman. A tese pretende também estabelecer interações com os estudiosos de gastronomia como Massimo Montanari e Carlos Alberto Dória. Quanto a metodologia, foi feito o acompanhamento durante quatro meses do processo de criação do chefAlberto Landgraf e será feita a análise dos documentos de processo, ou seja, dos cadernos produzidos pelo chef durante seu processo criativo; análise dos registros produzidos pelo chef catalão durante os anos de existência do seu restaurante El Bulli, assim como os documentos divulgados no Instagram por alguns chefs, documentários e entrevistas realizadas por mim durante o mestrado

O atual processo social de gastronomização tem deflagrado uma relação cada vez mais estreita entre a gastronomia e o meio rural. Entre as tendências da gastronomia contemporânea é crescente a demanda e o uso de ingredientes locais, tradicionais, produzidos com métodos ecológicos, que remetam ao sentido de trajetória, identidade e autenticidade, que conferem traços de singularidade aos mesmos. Essa demanda tem evidenciado, por um lado, uma maior preocupação dos comensais e chefs pela origem dos produtos e, por outro, uma (re) aproximação e (re) valorização das relações entre chefs, comensais e agricultores familiares, o que pode representar novas oportunidades de mercado para a Agricultura Familiar. Esta tese procura problematizar estas questões e tem como principal objetivo analisar como ocorrem as relações entre chefs, produtores e comensais no processo de inserção e uso de produtos agroalimentares singulares na gastronomia contemporânea, buscando perceber em que medida este consumo está estimulando novos mercados para a Agricultura Familiar e grupos tradicionais. Foram estudados quatro casos de restaurantes e Instituições que apresentavam iniciativas e práticas de relações diretas entre chefs, produtores e comensais. Para obtenção dos dados, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com estes atores, observação participante nos restaurantes e instituições, análise de cardápios e da trajetória dos ingredientes. A mobilização dos conceitos da sociologia econômica e da análise dos dados obtidos na pesquisa de campo, proporcionaram elementos para a elaboração de conceito explicativo para o fenômeno estudado, denominado Cozinha de Raiz (embedded gastronomy). Esta se constitui a partir de cadeias gastronômicas curtas, que evidenciam relações de proximidade e enraizamento social entre os produtores, chefs e comensais e é alinhavada por produtos singulares, que tem seus padrões de qualidade e distintividade construídos e legitimados por meio das informações compartilhadas entre os atores. Essas cadeias se configuram de duas principais formas: a) Cadeia Gastronômica Curta Chefcêntrica, que tem formação horizontal, é organizada entre atores e tem o chef como elo central da cadeia; ou b) Cadeias Gastronômicas Curtas Sinérgicas, organizada de maneira vertical, mediada por instituições e não apenas pelos atores, permitindo aos consumidores e produtores maiores possibilidades de interação, conferindo maior poder de agência e autonomia para os produtores, que podem estabelecer redes tanto com os chefs, quanto com os consumidores de maneira direta. Em ambas, o chef aparece como ator social central tanto na formação destas cadeias, quanto na ressignificação dos ingredientes em direção à singularidade. Pode-se inferir que na formação horizontal, ainda que se constate a formação de uma cadeia curta, se observa, também, a formação de nichos de mercado, para poucos produtores e poucos consumidores, com baixo efeito de mudanças culturais e de desenvolvimento dos produtores. Já na formação vertical, há descentralização de poder, maior grau de relação entre os atores, maior autonomia e empoderamento dos produtores e flexibilidade para o acesso a este mercado. Assim, pode-se dizer que a Cozinha de Raiz contribui para o desenvolvimento rural, por ressocializar os produtores e relocalizar os produtos na constituição das estratégias de valorização do produtor e do produto nas cadeias gastronômicas curtas, a partir da construção de novos mercados com novos padr es de governan a. O chef cumpre um canal educativo para conscientização dos comensais sobre a importância da valorização da agricultura familiar e dos grupos tradicionais. Porém, é preciso que a atuação do chef esteja associada a políticas e a iniciativas que garantam o fortalecimento da agricultura familiar, a valorização da biodiversidade nacional e o desenvolvimento de canais curtos de comercialização. / The current social process of gastronomization has triggered an even closer relationship between gastronomy and rural areas. Among the tendencies of contemporary gastronomy is the growing demand for local, traditional ingredients, produced with ecological methods, which refer to the sense of trajectory, identity and authenticity that carries traces of singularity. This demand has triggered, on the one hand, a greater concern of the diners and chefs with the origin of the products and, on the other, a (re) oncoming and (re) valorization of the relations between chefs, diners and family farmers, which may represent new market opportunities for Family Agriculture. This thesis aims to problematize these questions and its main purpose is to analyze how the relations between chefs, producers and consumers occur in the process of insertion and use of singular agrifood products in the contemporary gastronomy, trying to understand to what extent this consumption is stimulating new markets for Family Agriculture and traditional groups. There were studied four cases of restaurants and institutions that presented initiatives and practices of direct relations between chefs, producers and diners. To obtain the data, there were conducted semi-structured interviews with these actors, participant observation in restaurants and institutions, analyses of menus and the trajectory of the ingredients. The mobilization of the concepts of economic sociology and the data analysis obtained in the field research provided elements for the elaboration of an explanatory concept for the phenomenon studied, called Embedded Gastronomy. This is based on short gastronomic chains, which show relationships of proximity and social embeddedness among producers, chefs and diners and is aligned with unique products, which have their standards of quality and distinctiveness built and legitimized through information shared between the actors. These chains are made up of two main forms: a) Chefcentric Short Gastronomic Chain, which has horizontal formation, is organized between actors and has the chef as the chain's central link; Or b) Sinergic Short Gastronomic Chains, organized in a vertical way, mediated by institutions and not only by the actors, allowing the consumers and producers greater possibilities of interaction, giving greater power of agency and autonomy to the producers that can establish networks with both the chefs, and consumers directly. In both, the chef appears as central social actor both in the formation of these chains, and in the re-signification of the ingredients towards the singularity. It can be inferred that in the horizontal formation, even if the formation of a short chain is observed, also the formation of market niches is observed, for few producers and few consumers, with low effect of cultural changes and development of the producers. In the vertical formation, there is decentralization of power, a greater degree of relationship between actors, greater autonomy and empowerment of producers, and flexibility to access this market. Thus, it can be said that the embedded gastronomy contributes to the rural development by re-socializing the producers and relocating the products in the constitution of the strategies of valorization of the producer and the product in the short gastronomic chains, from the construction of new markets with new standards of governance. The role of the chef is an educational channel for the awareness of the importance of the approximation and appreciation of Family Agriculture and traditional groups. However, the chef's role must be associated with policies and initiatives that guarantee the strengthening of Family Agriculture, of national biodiversity and the development of short marketing channels.

In this thesis I argue that food and drink were of central importance to Don Dunstan throughout much of his political and private life. The conventional view of Dunstan always proclaimed that his passionate interest in food and drink was merely peripheral to his life. Food and drink were simply an aberration, of the same idiosyncratic order of importance as his song and dance routine with Keith Michell, his piano playing, or his reciting poetry from the back of an elephant. These various accomplishments were merely confirmation that Dunstan was different from other politicians. I argue that Dunstan was indeed different, but that the difference was rooted firmly in his life-long love affair with food and drink. I argue that his fascination with food and drink drove much of his reform agenda, that it helped his day-to-day survival, and that it provided him with the means of expressing his ove for others. Dunstan's 1976 cookbook announced his arrival as a devotee of gastronomy and furthers my argument that he helped to introduce and establish a new Australian cuisine. After Dunstan left political life in 1979 he tried to establish himself in other spheres, but it was his almost obsessive interest in all of the aspects of a gastronomic life that triumphed. In the final decade of Dunstan's life his long love affair with food and drink became a full-blown passion. I argue that, with his long-overdue adventure as a restaurateur, he finally became the complete Don Dunstan. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of History and Politics, 2004.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att beskriva och analysera hur utvalda fine dining-restauranger arbetar med att skapa helhetsupplevelser för gästen. Vidare vill vi om möjlighet ges, även ge rekommendationer till hur andra företag i andra branscher kan arbeta för att tillämpa ett likande framgångsrecept. Uppsatsens syfte har uppfyllts genom tillämpning av en kvalitativ forskningsmetod och användning av en abduktiv ansats, för att kunna förstå och tolka empirin. Vår teoretiska referensram har bestått av grundläggande delar som vi antagit hör till en helhetsupplevelse och som vi kommit fram till att fine dining- restauranger tillämpar. Vi har inom den teoretiska referensramen haft helhetsupplevelsen i fokus och utgått från att delarna utgör den helhet som blir upplevelsen för gästen. Produkten, servicen, rummet och organisationen är de delarna vi har tagit fram teorier kring och som utgjort grunden för vårt analysarbete. Vi har intervjuat tre restaurangchefer, en köksmästare, två sommelierer och en kökschef fördelade på fine dining- restauranger i Borgholm, Göteborg, Stockholm och Växjö. Vi har även intervjuat en projektansvarig som jobbar med konceptutveckling för bland annat restauranger. Denna variation i empiriskt material är för att vi vill kunna se hur personer på olika poster på restaurangerna uppfattar samma problematisering. Den företeelse vi utläser från våra respondenters svar är att alla på en fine dinig- restaurang arbetar för att ge gästen en helhetsupplevelse och att maten är en viktig del, men det krävs enligt restaurangerna någonting mer för att skapa en helhetsupplevelse för gästen. Vi rekommenderar att andra branscher har ett mer serviceinriktat fokus, både internt och externt. Intern service kan resultera i en bättre sammanhållning mellan personalen och externt kan det skapa långsiktiga relationer som grund för lönsamhet. / The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze how chosen fine dining- restaurants work with holistic experiences. Through this, we want to find out how other companies in other industries can work to apply a similar formula for success. Method of use in this study has been met by the application of a qualitative research and the use of an abductive approach, in order to understand and interpret empirical data. Our theoretical framework consisted of the basic elements that we have assumed consists in a holistic experience and that these basic elements are applied by fine dining restaurants. We have within the theoretical framework had the holistic experience in focus and assumed that the parts make up the whole experience for the guest. The product, the service, the room and the organization are the parts we have developed theories which formed the basis for our analysis. We interviewed three restaurant managers, two chefs and two sommeliers in Borgholm, Gothenburg, Stockholm and Växjö. We also interviewed a project manager who works with developing concepts including restaurants. This variation in the empirical material is because we want to see how people in different positions at restaurants perceive the same problematization. The phenomenon we deduce from our respondents' answers is that everyone in a fine dining- restaurant works to give guests a holistic experience and the food is an important part, but to achieve a holistic experience for the guest, more is required. We recommend that other sectors have a more service-oriented focus, both internally and externally. Internal service can result in a better cohesion between staff and externally it can create long-term relationships as the basis of profitability.

Animal slaughter has recently become highly visible in popular food media. This thesis interrogates the myths, assumptions and ideologies underlying this so-called New Carnivore movement, through critical analysis of a range of popular gastronomic texts. Socially-constructed ideas about ‘reality’, ‘sentimentality’, ‘sacrifice’, and ‘redemption’ are intimately implicated in the process of animal slaughter, as are the notions of ‘good taste’ and social distinction. The domination of animals, demonstrated through the slaughter, butchery, and consumption of nonhuman bodies, is held to be an integral component in the performance of gender, as well as a means of reconnecting, via a kind of secular epiphany, with ‘Nature’ at its most authentic. As a hostile backlash against the social progress made by the animal advocacy and vegetarian movements, New Carnivorism denigrates vegetarianism and veganism as outdated, unfashionable, unnatural, puritanical and rude. Although these texts’ potential to inspire farmed animal welfare reform should not be ignored, New Carnivorism ultimately serves to naturalize, justify and promote the continued consumption of meat, and the continued exploitation of nonhuman animals, in Western societies.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis that has the central theme the emergence of missionary agriculture in Rio Grande do Sul and the gastronomic derivations, aiming to investigate the development of husbandry and agricultural missionary, the gastronomic heritage manifested in production practices and social organization, as well as in food culture that produced and remains in ―gaucho‖ universe, demonstrating how this has being transformed in the historical process. The theoretical framework used to aid in the understanding of this work is based on the Historical-Critical Theory proposed by Professor Demerval Saviani. From this framework, it makes possible an interpretation of the different historical periods experienced in this missionary space and each observe agricultural practices and products consumed throughout the historical process. The methodological approach taken to this research is the dialectical movement, and with the written analysis of the period of ―Sete Povos das Missões‖. Understanding the agricultural missionary from its origin initially pervaded the study of historical analysis where the main theoretical models of agriculture were presented to assist in understanding the relationship of this with gastronomy. The sequence was analyzed forms of cultivation, and culinary variations, provided by agents who cultivated this agricultural space at different times, observing the structures and processes that are consistent or logical by the evidence of the analysis theory of the object of study. Then we aimed to conceptualize the missionary agriculture, not only of literary definitions of farming, but hard data, empirical, leaving aside the imaginary conception of history, to address the dynamic view, objective, ultimately, by the degree of economic development, and their gastronomic and social implications. Finally, was made an approach to agriculture, gastronomy, and cultural events (dance, music, festivals, literature, folklore, art and some food.) that people produce and participate actively where the traditions and costumes come and that are passed down from generation to generation, especially orally. As a result confirms the thesis of gastronomic improvement from the eating habits of the natives. Also confirms the fundamental contribution of the agriculture and husbandry in missionary region. I point also the importance that had and still has the culinary knowledge transmitted by many ethnic groups that inhabited and partly still inhabit the region. In the actual time, this confirms the strong influence of missionary cuisine in various menus as transmission of knowledge that is still alive. / A presente tese que tem como temática central o surgimento da agropecuária missioneira no Rio Grande do sul e as derivações gastronômicas, tendo como objetivo investigar no desenvolvimento da agropecuária missioneira, a herança gastronômica manifestada nas práticas de produção e na organização social, bem como, na cultura alimentar que esta produziu e se mantém no universo gaúcho, demonstrando como esta tem se transformado no processo histórico. A estrutura teórica utilizada para auxiliar na compreensão deste trabalho está baseada na Teoria Histórico-Critica proposta pelo professor doutor Demerval Saviani. A partir deste referencial, faz-se possível, uma interpretação sobre os diferentes períodos históricos vivenciados neste espaço missioneiro e em cada um deles observar as práticas agropecuárias e os produtos consumidos ao longo do processo histórico. A opção metodológica feita para esta investigação é o movimento dialético, e tendo como escrita de análise o período compreendido como Sete Povos das Missões. A compreensão da agropecuária missioneira desde sua origem perpassou inicialmente pelo estudo da analise histórica onde foram apresentados os principais modelos teóricos da agropecuária de modo a auxiliar a compreensão da relação desta com a com a gastronomia. Na seqüência foi analisada as formas de cultivo, e as variações gastronômicas, proporcionadas pelos agentes que cultivaram este espaço agrário em diferentes épocas, observando as estruturas e os processos que apontaram serem coerentes ou lógicos, pela evidência da teoria de análise sobre o objeto de estudo. Buscou-se então conceituar a agropecuária missioneira, não só das definições literarias sobre a agropecuária, mas de dados concretos, empíricos, deixando de lado a concepção imaginária da história, para abordar uma concepção dinâmica, objetiva, em última análise, pelo grau de desenvolvimento econômico, e suas implicações sociais e gastronômicas. Por fim, foi feita uma abordagem da agropecuária, e a gastronomia, e as manifestações culturais (dança, música, festas, literatura, folclore, arte e alguns alimentos.), que o povo produz e participa de forma ativa, onde surgem as tradições e costumes que são transmitidas de geração para geração, principalmente, de forma oral. Como resultado confirma-se a tese da melhoria gastronômica a partir dos habitos alimentares dos nativos. Confirma-se também a contribuição fundamental da agropecuária da região missoneira, resalta-se também a importancia que teve e ainda tem os conhecimentos culinários transmitidos pelas diveras etnias que habitaram e em parte ainda habitam a região. Confirma-se na contemporaniedade a forte influencia desta culinaria missoneira nos mais diversos cardapios como transmissão de um conhecimento que ainda permanece vivo.

abstract: Cuisines are becoming increasingly significant in a tourist's experience and as such looking into different cuisines and their effects on the tourist's destination provides strong indicators of the outlook for the destination. Metropolitan areas within the United States have a history of being known for specific food items as well as types of cuisines. This study explores the Metropolitan area of New Orleans and the cuisine specific to this region: the Creole cuisine. A mixed methods approach was used to identify the Creole cuisine within the New Orleans area as both a regional cuisine and as a culturally significant cuisine, within the context of the United States of America. Once established, and through the help of the local New Orleans' Convention and Visitors Bureau, an online questionnaire was distributed to individuals that had shown an interest in visiting the New Orleans area. The questionnaire identified the characteristics of the Creole cuisine and the respondents' most recent trip to New Orleans. The Brief Sensation Seeking Scale, adjusted for cuisine tourism, provided a categorical separation of the respondents into three groupings: "Foodies", "Semi-foodies", and "Non-foodies". Two important findings emerge from this study, the cultural significant cuisine segmentation model and the foodie scale. These two findings allow for an in depth look at characteristics of regional cuisines and food tourists, while providing a way to predict food characteristics of both destination and individual. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Community Resources and Development 2010

La gastronomie et l'onomastique n'ont encore jamais fait l'objet d'étude, de manière conjointe, d'un point de vue linguistique. L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer un point de départ à une réflexion sur la structure, la nature et la place du nom propre dans la gastronomie française. Pour ce faire, après avoir exposé les différentes problématiques liées à la définition des concepts de gastronomie et de nom propre, nous avons réalisé une synthèse des principaux éléments théoriques qui servent de base à la recherche sur les noms de plats, tant sous un angle linguistique, historique qu’artistique ou législatif. La nécessité d’effectuer une distinction entre appellation culinaire et dénomination gastronomique selon la place qu’occupe le nom de plat sur un axe nom propre / nom commun s’est vite imposée et pour vérifier dans quelle mesure les types de noms propres dans les noms de plats sont conditionnés par le contexte, deux sortes de corpus ont été constitués. Sera d’abord traitée l’évolution du nom propre dans la gastronomie à travers le prisme de la norme dictionnairique au cours des 70 dernières années, au moyen d'une comparaison lexicographique des deux éditions du Larousse Gastronomique (1938 et 2007). Pour ce faire, une catégorisation des noms propres relevés dans le corpus a été établie. Dans un deuxième temps, la place des noms propres dans un corpus témoignant de l’usage a été examinée, en rassemblant des menus de restaurants parisiens ainsi que des dépliants publicitaires de la restauration livrée. / Gastronomy and onomastics have never previously been the subject of a joint study from a linguistic point of view. The objective of this thesis is to provide a starting point for research on the structure, nature and place of proper names in French gastronomy. After considering the various problems related to the definition of such concepts as gastronomy and proper name, we achieved a synthesis of the main theoretical elements that form the basis for research on the names of dishes from a linguistic, artistic, historic or legislative perspective. Then, a distinction was made between culinary denomination and gastronomic designation in relation to the place of a dish name on a proper name / common name axis, although the separation between the two poles is sometimes blurred and cannot be considered to be strict. Two kinds of corpus are established in order to verify that the types of proper names in gastronomy depend on the context where dish names originate. First, the evolution of the proper name in gastronomy over the past 70 years is studied from a normative perspective through the lexical comparison of the first and the latest editions of the Larousse Gastronomique (1938 and 2007) and the establishment of a categorization of proper names. Second, proper names in a corpus reflecting the use was examined using Parisian restaurant menus and flyers advertising for food delivery. The comparison of the results for the two types of corpus will shed light on the differences, both quantitative and classificatory, in the use of proper names in a normative or in a creative context.

Este trabalho aborda a percepção dos familiares, pacientes e clientes externos que utilizam os serviços de alimentação do Hospital Moinhos de Vento (HMV), localizado em Porto Alegre. No presente estudo, foram consideradas pesquisas internas aplicadas aos pacientes e acompanhantes no período de 2003 a 2004, totalizando 3592 respondentes, resultando em um estudo de perfil qualitativo e quantitativo. Juntamente com estas análises, realizou-se uma pesquisa de mercado para fins de benchmarking. Na análise de dados, foi possível estratificar os atributos de acordo com sua prioridade. Obteve-se a indicação de oportunidades de melhoria nos seguintes atributos: ambientação (estrutura física e instalações), atendimento, qualidade da refeição oferecida, tempo de entrega dos pedidos e horários de atendimento. Com base nos resultados obtidos na pesquisa, foram propostas ações de melhoria, as quais contemplam a visão dos clientes dos serviços de alimentação do HMV. As ações de melhoria foram implantadas gerando resultados positivos para a instituição, melhorando a percepção da qualidade a partir do ponto de vista dos pacientes, acompanhantes e funcionários. / This research focus the perception of the family, patients and outer clients that use the alimentation services of Moinhos de Vento Hospital (MVH), located in Porto Alegre. This study considered inside surveys applied to patients and their companions during the years of 2003 and 2004, getting a total of 3,592 replies, the result was a qualitative and quantitative profile study. Together with this data, it was accomplished a market research with the aim of benchmarking. In the data analysis, it was possible to stratify the qualities according to its priority. It was gotten an improvement opportunity indication for the following attributes: accommodation (physical structure and installations), attendance, offered meal quality, order delivery time, and working hours. Based on the research results, improvement actions were proposed, which regard the clients’ view about the alimentation service at MVH. The improvement actions were established generating positive results to the institution, improving the quality perception from the patients, companions and employees point of view.