Ce travail a pour objet l’étude génétique du personnage de Charlus dans les avant-textes de À la recherche du temps perdu : les soixante-quinze cahiers de brouillon principalement mais aussi les trois cahiers de mise au net du Côté de Guermantes et les vingt manuscrits au net de Sodome et Gomorrhe au Temps retrouvé. La quantité et la diversité des brouillons ont nécessité une approche chronologique et macrogénétique. Cette dernière a consisté à situer les avant-textes consacrés à M. de Charlus à l’intérieur du projet d’ensemble de l’œuvre, lui-même en constante évolution, afin de dégager la trajectoire du personnage dans les manuscrits, c’est-à-dire de mettre en évidence les grandes lignes de son évolution en les resituant dans chacun des chantiers successifs du projet romanesque : dans les premières esquisses de 1909, puis dans « le roman de 1912 », dans les brouillons des années 1913-1914 marqués par l’irruption d’Albertine et par l’entrée de la guerre dans le grand roman, dans ceux des années 1915-1916 enfin où l’on repère les dernières modifications de structure de l’œuvre en gestation. Le va-et-vient permanent entre genèse du personnage et genèse de l’œuvre a permis de montrer comment le personnage se modifiait en fonction de l’évolution de la structure d’ensemble mais il a également eu le mérite inverse de révéler que la structure romanesque avait à plusieurs reprises été elle-même bousculée et modifiée par le personnage de Charlus. L’interaction entre le personnage et la structure évolutive de l’œuvre a ainsi permis à la fois de dégager des facettes peu connues du baron de Charlus et de dévoiler des aspects inattendus de la genèse de À la recherche du temps perdu. / The object of this genetic study is the character Charlus in the proto texts of À la recherche du temps perdu, principally in the seventy-five workbook notebooks but also in the three revision notebooks for Le Côté de Guermantes and the twenty rough draft manuscripts from Sodome et Gomorrhe to Le Temps retrouvé. The quantity and the diversity of these notebooks required a chronological and macrogenetic approach. The latter consisted in situating the earliest texts devoted to M. de Charlus within the project of the complete work, which was itself in constant evolution. The purpose is to clarify the trajectory of the character in the manuscripts, to trace the character’s development by situating him in each of the successive constructions for the novel: first in the sketches of 1909, then in what has been called “the novel of 1912,” followed by the rough notebooks of 1913-14 in which Albertine first appears, as well as the war. The final modifications of the structure and the work–in–progress take place in 1915-16. This back and forth movement between the genesis of the character and the genesis of the work has demonstrated how the character was modified according to the evolution in the structure of the whole. Our methodology also has the inverse merit of revealing that the structure of the novel was also shaken and modified by evolutions concerning the character Charlus. The interaction between the character and the evolutive structure of the work–in–progress has allowed this study to document hidden facettes of the baron de Charlus and to reveal surprising details concerning the genesis of À la recherche du temps perdu.

The publication of The Origin of Species in 1859 raised a host of theological issues. Chief amongst them is the question of how a good, loving, and powerful God could create through an evolutionary process that involved so much suffering, pain, and violence. The traditional Christian answers for suffering in the natural world are not plausible in an evolutionary world. We cannot blame natural evil on human sin, since earth history shows that non-human suffering long preceded humans. Nor can we say that God allows suffering because it allows opportunity for moral choice, spiritual closeness with God, and the development of virtue, as none of these apply to the non-human realm. A new approach is needed to address the question of suffering and violence amongst non-human animals. In this dissertation, I address the question of evolutionary suffering with a multi-disciplinary approach of biblical studies, philosophical theology, and systematic theology to build a compound theodicy. After a survey of the various scholarly contributions in this area, I begin with biblical considerations of the God-world relationship. I set aside, based on exegetical examinations of Genesis 1-9, notions of “fallenness” in the natural world. I therefore argue that evolution was God’s intended process of creation, and that we should not attribute it to any kind of corruption. The rest of the dissertation engages in the development of a compound theodicy rooted in a philosophical and theological definition of love. How does a God who loves creatures respond to their suffering? I argue that God’s action in creation is characterised by kenotic restraint, the giving of freedom, co-suffering with creatures, and the work of redemption.

Cette étude prend pour sujet les rapports qu’entretint Jean GIONO avec plus d’une centaine de créateurs (dessinateurs, graveurs, peintres, sculpteurs), des années vingt jusqu’à sa disparition en 1970. Elle apporte un éclairage sur les origines et natures diverses de ces échanges. À l’entrée de l’art et des artistes dans l’existence de GIONO, nous consacrons une première partie de type historique. C’est à la plupart des collaborations entre l’auteur et les créateurs que nous nous intéressons dans une seconde partie retraçant, pour la majorité, leur genèse. Nous y traitons également des diverses formes de soutien apportées par GIONO à de multiples artistes et certaines actions en faveur de l’art. / This study takes to subject reports maintained Jean GIONO with more than a hundred creators (drawers, engravers, painters, sculptors), the years twenty until his death in 1970. It sheds light on the origins and the various natures of theseexchanges. At the entrance of the art and artists in the existence of GIONO, we dedicate a part of historic type. It is at most collaborations between the author and the creators that we are interested in a second part tracing, for the majority, theirgenesis. We handle also the various forms of support made by GIONO to multiple artists and certain actions in favour of art.

O objetivo de nossa pesquisa de mestrado é revelar as estruturas do sistema de sucessão patrilinear, segundo o qual o status de membro do grupo é outorgado pelo pai aos seus descendentes do sexo masculino, nas narrativas patriarcais da Torá, no livro de Gênesis. Pretendemos contemplar o lócus que este princípio ocupava no grupo patriarcal. Nossos estudos levantam a hipótese de que a patrilinearidade era decisiva nas relações de parentesco do Israel antigo, sendo esta, também, a viga mestra na qual se apoiava boa parte da estrutura do edifício social dos primeiros israelitas. / This research aims to present an analysis of the patrilineal principles in the Patriarchal narratives of the Book of Genesis. Our goal is to demonstrate how these set of principles mold important aspects of the Patriarchal family and clan and the ancient Israelite society as well , and also how it find expression in the world view of the various writers of the Scriptures. We also emphasize relevant aspects such as the succession process in the extended family and the blessing that confirms the successor in his privileged position.

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a aliança da circuncisão (bᵉrît mūlāh) como portadora de distinção e ressignificação da identidade do patriarca Abraão em seu contexto familiar, constitutivos das promessas divinas, e seu vínculo com a divindade por meio de um rito de passagem encontrado e analisado, em forma de perícope, na narrativa bíblica de Gênesis 17. Para tal, analisamos o uso do termo circuncisão como aliança e/ou sinal da aliança através do estudo do texto literário, em questão, além dos contextos históricos e culturais, filológicos e etimológicos envolvidos. Como resultado pudemos assinalar que a aliança da circuncisão, embora seja um conceito complexo, se mostrou uma marca indelével na vida, tanto, de Abraão, quanto de seus descendentes. Entendemos que as alianças narradas na Bíblia Hebraica, em geral, e a aliança da circuncisão, em particular, teve grande pertinência na fundação do passado ancestral de Israel. E a compreensão do significado da aliança da circuncisão nos aproximou da visão de mundo do patriarca Abraão. / The purpose of this work is to analyze the covenant of circumcision (bᵉrît mūlāh) as the bearer of distinction and resignification of the identity of the patriarch Abraham in his family context, constitutive of the divine promises, and his bond with the divinity through a rite of passage found and analyzed in the form of a pericope in the biblical narrative of Genesis 17. For this purpose, we analyze the use of the term circumcision as an covenant and / or sign of the covenant through the study of the literary text in question, in addition to the historical, cultural, philological and etymological contexts involved. As a result, we could point out that the covenant of circumcision, although a complex concept, was an indelible mark on Abraham\'s life as well as his descendants. We understand that the covenants narrated in the Hebrew Bible in general and the covenant of circumcision in particular had great relevance in the foundation of Israel\'s ancestral past. And the understanding of the significance of the covenant of circumcision brought us closer to the world view of the patriarch Abraham.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-11-28T09:09:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre Vidal Viola.pdf: 1414358 bytes, checksum: 3e7bf11ad30b7e0341afb62d27d9240f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-28T09:09:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre Vidal Viola.pdf: 1414358 bytes, checksum: 3e7bf11ad30b7e0341afb62d27d9240f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-17 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / In this dissertation we try to analyze how Karl Marx mobilizes past and history to make a critical exposition of the present. It is known from the suppressed Introduction in his 1859 Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy that Marx did not wish to follow simply the historical development of the determinations of capital but to recover the order and the expositive movement of these determinations as put by the mode of capitalist production itself. By this we seek to identify in Marx's writings how economics general forms relate to the manifestations of their specific existences, particularly in capitalism. We also seek to point to criticism as a specific historical moment where concrete contradictions bring the need to overcome the theoretical expressions of the present. Thus, criticism and theory also differ in the way of apprehending history. From the notion of the genesis of presuppositions we seek to follow the marxian exposition of the value form and of capital in its general form to locate some passages that make references to Aristotle. Therefore, we do not attempt here any form of comparison, approximation or contrast between the two authors, but only to delimit and analyze such references in the precise place that they assume in the critical exposition of capital. Finally, we follow a small but relevant set of quotations from Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics and Politics, which persisted for more than a decade in Marx's work, from the Contribution of 1859 to the second edition of Capital in 1872 / Nesta dissertação procuramos analisar como Karl Marx mobiliza o passado e a história para fazer uma exposição crítica do presente. Sabe-se, pela Introdução suprimida em sua obra de 1859, Contribuição à Crítica da Economia Política, que Marx não desejava acompanhar simplesmente o desenvolvimento histórico das determinações do capital, mas sim recuperar a ordem e o movimento expositivo dessas determinações como posto pelo próprio modo de produção capitalista. Com isso procuramos identificar nos escritos de Marx como formas gerais da economia se relacionam com as manifestações de suas existências específica, particularmente no capitalismo. Também procuramos apontar a crítica como um momento histórico específico onde as contradições concretas trazem a necessidade de superar as expressões teóricas do presente. Assim, crítica e teoria se diferenciam também no modo de apreender a história. A partir da noção de gênese de pressupostos buscamos acompanhar a exposição marxiana da forma valor e do capital em sua forma geral para localizar algumas passagens que fazem referências a Aristóteles. Logo, não intentamos aqui nenhuma forma de comparação, aproximação ou contraposição entre os dois autores, mas tão somente delimitar e analisar tais referências no lugar preciso que estas assumem na exposição crítica do capital. Finalmente, acompanhamos um pequeno, mas relevante, conjunto de citações, da Ética a Nicômaco e da Política de Aristóteles, que persiste por mais de uma década na obra de Marx, desde a Contribuição de 1859 até a segunda edição de O Capital em 1872

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a aliança da circuncisão (bᵉrît mūlāh) como portadora de distinção e ressignificação da identidade do patriarca Abraão em seu contexto familiar, constitutivos das promessas divinas, e seu vínculo com a divindade por meio de um rito de passagem encontrado e analisado, em forma de perícope, na narrativa bíblica de Gênesis 17. Para tal, analisamos o uso do termo circuncisão como aliança e/ou sinal da aliança através do estudo do texto literário, em questão, além dos contextos históricos e culturais, filológicos e etimológicos envolvidos. Como resultado pudemos assinalar que a aliança da circuncisão, embora seja um conceito complexo, se mostrou uma marca indelével na vida, tanto, de Abraão, quanto de seus descendentes. Entendemos que as alianças narradas na Bíblia Hebraica, em geral, e a aliança da circuncisão, em particular, teve grande pertinência na fundação do passado ancestral de Israel. E a compreensão do significado da aliança da circuncisão nos aproximou da visão de mundo do patriarca Abraão. / The purpose of this work is to analyze the covenant of circumcision (bᵉrît mūlāh) as the bearer of distinction and resignification of the identity of the patriarch Abraham in his family context, constitutive of the divine promises, and his bond with the divinity through a rite of passage found and analyzed in the form of a pericope in the biblical narrative of Genesis 17. For this purpose, we analyze the use of the term circumcision as an covenant and / or sign of the covenant through the study of the literary text in question, in addition to the historical, cultural, philological and etymological contexts involved. As a result, we could point out that the covenant of circumcision, although a complex concept, was an indelible mark on Abraham\'s life as well as his descendants. We understand that the covenants narrated in the Hebrew Bible in general and the covenant of circumcision in particular had great relevance in the foundation of Israel\'s ancestral past. And the understanding of the significance of the covenant of circumcision brought us closer to the world view of the patriarch Abraham.

Tendo como principal objeto de análise a Fundação de toda a doutrina da ciência, este trabalho pretende mostrar como a liberdade e seus conceitos correlatos de espontaneidade e atividade são operadores essencialmente especulativos na doutrina da ciência. Ao contrário do que afirmam alguns de seus intérpretes, eles não entram em cena a partir das preocupações práticas de Fichte, como se a doutrina da ciência fosse obra dos anseios do coração do indivíduo Fichte. Antes, eles têm de resolver o problema constitutivo da filosofia acerca da síntese entre ser e pensamento. Problema cuja expressão mais precisa foi dada a Fichte a partir da filosofia transcendental de Kant e das objeções a ela dos pós-kantianos, sobretudo os céticos Maimon e Enesidemo. É preciso doravante refazer a doutrina da verdade de modo sistemático e radical, fornecendo a gênese de todo elemento fático. Ver-se-á que a liberdade deve ser entendida como sinônimo de gênese e, por isso, está apta a criticar todo o fático, expondo geneticamente tudo aquilo que aparece à consciência. Para tanto, será preciso, em um primeiro momento, recuperar o debate entre Reinhold, Enesidemo e Maimon com Kant e sua explicação da síntese originária, para depois, em um segundo momento, passar à análise da Fundação de toda a doutrina da ciência, mostrando como os conceitos de liberdade e espontaneidade absoluta dissolvem, passo a passo, as objeções céticas ao kantismo e fornecem a solução radical e sistemática para o problema filosófico da síntese. / Since the main analytical object of this work consists on the Foundation of entire doctrine of science, its intention is to show how freedom and its related concepts of spontaneity and activity are essentially speculative devices of the doctrine of science. Contrary to what some interpreters state, these concepts are not introduced by Fichte due to practical preoccupations, as if the doctrine of science were the result of his individual affective anxieties. These concepts should rather solve the founding problem of philosophy about the synthesis between being and thought. The most precise expression of this problem has been defined by Fichte through Kant\'s transcendental philosophy e the objections made by the post-Kantian to it, especially those from the skeptical Maimon and Enesidem. From this point on it will be necessary to redesign the doctrine of truth in a systematic and radical way, providing the genesis of every factical element of it. By so doing, freedom must be understood as a synonym of genesis and is, therefore, able to criticize the whole factical dimension, exposing genetically everything that comes into conscience. For this purpose, it will be first necessary to recover the debate between Reinhold, Enesidem and Maimon with Kant as its explanation of the originary synthesis. Then will it be possible advance to the analysis of the Foundation of entire doctrine of science showing how the concepts of freedom and absolute spontaneity dissolve, bit by bit, the skeptical objection to Kantianism, so providing the radical and systematic solution to the philosophical problem of synthesis.

Orientador: Eduardo Ismael Murguia Marañon / Banca: Telma Capanha de Carvalho Madio / Banca: Maria Leandra Bizello / Banca: Johanna W. Smith / Banca: Miriam Paula Manini / Resumo: A gênese e a acumulação do arquivo fotográfico de Sebastião Leme estão localizadas em uma das extremidades dos fluxos internos de informação, concebidos enquanto canais por onde a informação se propaga no circuito das instituições com competência para administrá-la. Portanto, é na extremidade esquerda que está localizada o lugar da criação da informação, do ponto de vista autoral, desvinculado, pois, da dinâmica onde se operam os fluxos internos de informação constitutivos dos espaços institucionais de informação. Logo, a qualificação de espaço se deve à capacidade que eles têm de superação de seus próprios limites de organização, recuperação e acesso da informação, em escala pública. O problema consiste na existência de um arquivo de imagens, restrito apenas ao ciclo pessoal, como referência exclusiva da memória afetiva familiar, indistinto e atado a sua precária condição de suporte informacional, em estado de latência. O que nos leva a formular a hipótese de que o arquivo fotográfico - enquanto gênese e acumulação − requer que a sua passagem se dê do âmbito pessoal para a esfera pública, o que implica o reconhecimento da sua condição de informação que só se efetiva quando for absorvido pelos fluxos de informação. É quando esse arquivo passará a cumprir a sua função existencial e informacional, como representação e valor. Os enquadramentos teóricos e metodológicos da pesquisa, no âmbito da ciência da informação, nos levam a: 1) examinar a imagem fotográfica, no instante da sua gênese, com base na sua representação indiciária, icônica e simbólica, sob o ponto de vista da sua condição de informação visual; 2) considerar a fotografia como um processo de criação individual, que se expressa a partir de uma acumulação que também pode agregar outros tipos de produção, a exemplo do testemunho... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The genesis and the accumulation of Sebastião Leme's photographic archive are located in one of the extremities of the internal flows of information, designed as channels through where the information spreads in the circuit of the institutions with competence to administer it. Therefore, it is in the left extremity that is located the place of the creation of the information, from a copyright point of view, released, then, of the dynamics where the constituent internal flows of information of the institutional spaces of information are operated. Thus, the qualification of space is the ability they have to overcome their own limits of organization, retrieval and access of information, in public scale. The problem consists of the existence of a archive of images, restricted just to the personal cycle, as exclusive reference of the family affectionate memory, indistinct and tied to their precarious condition of informational support, in a state of latency. Which brings us to formulate the hypothesis that the photographic archive - as genesis and accumulation - requires that its passage is from the personal context to the public sphere, which implies the recognition of its condition of information that is only effective when absorbed by the flow of information.It is when this file will fulfill its existential and informational function, as representation and value. The theoretical and methodological frameworks of research, in the context of information science, lead us to: 1) examine the photographic image at the moment of its genesis, based on its index, icon and symbolic representation, from the point of view of its condition of visual information, 2) consider the photography as a process of individual creation, that expressed its starting from an accumulation that can also join other production types, to example of the testimony and of the autobiographical textual narrative... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

The genesis of creole languages is important to the field of linguistics for at least two reasons. As newly emerging languages, creoles provide a unique window on the human language faculty and on the development of language generally (Veenstra 2008). They also offer insight into what are arguably universal linguistic structures. Two opposing theories have been in contention in the literature with respect to creole genesis: (1) that creoles owe their origin to the lexifier and substrate languages of their speech community and to other environmental influences (McWhorter 1997); and alternatively, (2) that universal innate linguistic structures or principles are the generative source of creole grammar (Bickerton 1981). Both theories have a claim to at least partial correctness. This thesis adds new evidence in support of the universalist/innatist argument. This thesis examines five written creole languages and two signed creole languages of geographic and historical diversity and focuses on the grammatical system of case, word order, and agreement of these languages as one axis along which to investigate the issue of creole genesis and universality. The signed languages in particular offer unique data, especially the data from Nicaraguan Sign Language, where there was an absence of significant lexifier and substrate influences. Patterns of what are termed core indispensable features in these seven language systems are uncovered, examined and compared. Further comparison is made with the case, word order, and agreement features of the world's languages generally and of creole languages as a subset of the world's languages, based on data in the World Atlas of Language Structures (Dryer & Haspelmath 2009) and in the Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures (Michaelis et al. 2013b), respectively. The findings and contributions to the field made possible from the data in this thesis are that there are commonalities in the case, word order, and agreement systems of the subject creole languages that qualify as core indispensable features and that these features are generated by universal innate linguistic expectations. These commonalities are: (1) that morphological case inflection is not a core indispensable feature; (2) that SVO word order is a core indispensable feature; and (3) that agreement as a feature, seen only when word order is apparently verb final, occurs only in the signed creole languages and is more accurately interpreted as topicalization incorporated into SVO word order rather than as an independent core feature. Nicaraguan Sign Language presents especially compelling evidence for these conclusions.