Genograms are a widely used tool, well grounded in systemic theory. However the claims made in the literature regarding the therapeutic use and effects of the genogram have not been empirically explored or verified. This study therefore aimed to examine the extent to which the use and effects of genograms in clinical practice reflect the claims made in the literature. This study asked: what therapeutic tasks the genogram is used for, the specific pathways the genogram facilitates those tasks, and the mechanisms salient to the genogram that adds to clinical practice. Ten qualified Family Therapists participated in semi-structured interviews discussing their experiences. A Thematic Analysis was conducted. Five themes were identified: therapist-family joining; systemic exploration; therapist hypothesizing; family perturbation through cognitive change; family perturbation through experiential and behaviour change. This study found that genograms were used in some of the ways described in the literature: engagement, information gathering, hypothesizing and intervention aimed at cognitive change. The usefulness of the genogram was found to extend beyond ‘engagement’ and ‘information gathering’ to ‘therapist-family joining’ and ‘systemic exploration’ respectively. However, this study did not find the genogram was used to explore emotions, nor as an intervention aimed directly at behaviour change; instead, change at the experiential level was reported. The pathways the genogram facilitates therapeutic tasks are delineated, as are the mechanisms salient to the genogram that adds to clinical practice. Recommendations for further research were made. This included repeating this study with therapists from different training backgrounds, as well as undertaking a quantitative study examining genogram outcomes in terms of a measurable change in presenting problems.

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Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-03-27T10:22:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Angélica Coelho Gomes Tortorella Bedran.pdf: 1594172 bytes, checksum: 652a352c1e09d3210510dd2a2fb2ee98 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-27T10:22:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Angélica Coelho Gomes Tortorella Bedran.pdf: 1594172 bytes, checksum: 652a352c1e09d3210510dd2a2fb2ee98 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The number of young adults who remain in their parents' homes is a very recurrent phenomenon in Brazil and in the contemporary world scenario. The proposed qualitative research presents a family case study and an in-depth analysis of a daughter's relationship with her parents in the context of her intention to leave the parental home. The research instruments are constituted by a Play Family Genogram and clinical interview in the light of Analytical Psychology and its method of symbolic processing of research. The analysis of the results suggests that there are signs of cross idealization, excessive mothering and predominance of parenthood in relation to conjugality, as well as the presence of family complexes such as reported in the scientific literature which may be factors that delay leaving the parental home. This study reaches the proposed objectives and supports research that points to unconscious motivations that influence the exit or permanence in the home of origin and also demonstrates the effectiveness of the Play Genogram as an instrument for the perception of family ties and their conscious and unconscious connections / A quantidade de jovens adultos que permanece na casa dos pais é um fenômeno muito recorrente no cenário contemporâneo mundial e brasileiro. A pesquisa qualitativa proposta traz um estudo de caso familiar e sua análise em profundidade sobre a relação de uma filha com seus pais, no contexto da intenção dela sair da casa parental. Os instrumentos de pesquisas são constituídos pelo genograma lúdico e entrevista clínica à luz da Psicologia Analítica e seu método de processamento simbólico de pesquisa. A análise dos resultados sugere que há indícios de idealização cruzada, excessiva maternagem e predominância da parentalidade em relação à conjugalidade, assim como nota-se a presença de complexos familiares relatados na literatura científica, que podem ser fatores que atrasam a saída do lar parental. Este estudo atinge os objetivos propostos e endossa pesquisas que apontam motivações inconscientes que influenciam a saída ou permanência no lar de origem e demonstra, também, a eficácia do instrumento do genograma lúdico para a percepção dos laços familiares e suas vinculações conscientes e inconscientes

Background: The family-centred cultural construct of filial responsibility forms the core foundation of the traditional mosaic of a typical intergenerational Singapore-Chinese family. Due to modernization, several generations co-habiting within the same household or living in separate households have shrunk to smaller-sized immediate and extended families residing in mostly high-rise apartments. This change has impacted on the social norm of traditional intergenerational Singapore-Chinese caregiving. Currently, there are gaps in understanding the intergenerational Singapore-Chinese families and caregiving in dementia. Only a few studies to date have discussed the intersection on intergenerational family care, but an in-depth exploration of intergenerational Singapore-Chinese families' cultural beliefs and values is an important consideration when attempting to understand the family and determine their support and maintenance of relational bonds. Aims: The aim of this longitudinal, case study research using a participatory approach was to better understand the everyday caregiving experience of intergenerational Singapore-Chinese families within the context of each family unit living together in Singapore 'under one roof'. Family biographies were co-constructed with five intergenerational families living 'under one roof' during repeated and scheduled visits with each participating family over a period of between six to 15 months. The interviews included the completion of a 23-item structured questionnaire, co-construction of a genogram and ecomap with each family, drawings, audio recordings and digital photographs of the home environment, items and activities. Results: Narrative analysis of the five intergenerational cases resulted in the emergence of three themes that explained and explored the various dynamics in the data, namely: i) Family values, and its supporting sub-themes of culture; religion; and filial piety; ii) Family support, and its supporting sub-themes of timeliness; internal support network; and external support network; and iii) Family bonds, and its supporting sub-themes of relational; closeness and conflict; and challenges. Data analysis also generated a meta-theme 'Intergenerational Family Connections' which was supported by three properties: i) Strongly held beliefs and practices; ii) Shared space; and iii) Supporting family togetherness. Conclusion: This study has led to an in-depth understanding of the everyday experience of the intergenerational Singapore-Chinese families of a person with dementia, within the shared context of their family construction. This study makes an original and significant contribution to knowledge through the development of a new theoretical model on intergenerational family connections in dementia care. The findings will better inform formal and informal service providers and policy makers on how best to support and maintain the relational dynamics of intergenerational Singapore-Chinese families who provide care for the person with dementia at home.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-06T23:47:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008 / Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Psicofarmacologia (AFIP) / Centro Brasileiro de Informações sobre Drogas Psicotrópicas (CEBRID) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / INTRODUÇÃO: Embora cerca de metade dos casos de violência familiar aconteçam em situações de uso de bebidas alcoólicas, são raros os estudos sobre padrões familiares da associação entre esses dois fenômenos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os padrões multigeracionais de violência familiar associada ao abuso de bebidas alcoólicas, por meio do genograma de autores e vítimas desse tipo de violência. METODOLOGIA: A amostra foi intencional, composta (até a saturação teórica) por 23 vítimas e 19 agressores com histórico multigeracional de violência associada ao álcool. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais e anônimas, para a construção do genograma de três gerações, e aplicação de um roteiro com foco no tipo de violência, padrão de consumo de álcool, relações e crenças familiares. O conteúdo das entrevistas foi gravado e submetido a uma análise de conteúdo. RESULTADOS: A análise dos genogramas indicou a preponderância de casos de abuso/dependência de álcool e violência (AV), como comportamentos associados, bem como mostrou a ocorrência de padrões multigeracionais envolvendo a associação álcoolviolência (AV), sendo os mais freqüentes por linha direta de parentesco (pai/filho) e por meio de casamento. Foi possível observar vários aspectos das relações familiares reproduzidos ao longo das gerações, como o tipo de violência, etapas do ciclo vital familiar e reação à violência. Crenças familiares, como a de que o álcool causa ou justifica a violência, e sobre a indissolubilidade do casamento, parecem minimizar a responsabilidade de agressor e favorecer a reincidência da violência por prolongado período de tempo. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados confirmam a reprodução multigeracional xviii da violência familiar associada ao abuso de bebidas, com influência de aspectos culturais, crenças e valores familiares. Concluiu-se a importância de estratégias de intervenção para prevenir a repetição multigeracional do comportamento. / São Paulo, São Paulo, INTRODUCTION: Even though about half of family violence cases take place under circumstances of alcohol use, few are the studies that target family patterns and the association between those phenomena. The objective of this work was to study the multigenerational patterns of family violence associated with alcohol abuse. The research was based on the genogram of three generations of offenders and victims involved in this kind of violence. METHODS: The sample was intentional, comprised (up to the point of theoretical saturation) by 23 victims and 19 offenders with multigenerational history of family violence associated with alcohol abuse. We carried out semistructured individual anonymous interviews, so that each interviewee's genogram could be created. The interviews were recorded and submitted to content analysis. RESULTS: The genogram analysis showed the preponderance of cases of violence and alcohol abuse/dependence as associated behaviors, as well as the multigenerational transmission of this association. This patter took place mostly by father to son transmission and repetition by marriage. Repetition of relational patterns were observed across family generations, as violence aspects, family life cycle events and reaction to violence situations. Family beliefs regarding alcohol as a cause or an excuse to violent behavior, or marriage indissolubility seems to minimize batterers' responsibility and to promote violence recurrence for long time. CONCLUSIONS: Results confirm the multigenerational reproduction of family violence associated with alcohol abuse, regard cultural influences, beliefs and 96 family values. Therefore, intervention strategies aiming to prevent multigenerational patterns behavior repetition are needed. / FAPESP: 06/58585-0 / AFIP: 02/11918-4 / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

This study seeks to explore students’ subjective and collective experience of an experiential family therapy module within the Clinical Psychology Masters training programme. It looks at the perceptions of nine trainee therapists who used genograms and family sculpting to present their family of origin. The study takes place after the completion of the practical internship year with the purpose of exploring relevant emotional, cognitive, social and therapeutic effects of this module. A literature survey reveals that the use of genograms and family sculpting during training has received little research interest as most studies have primarily focused on their use during therapy with clients and in supervision. There is a scarcity of literature available that pertains directly to psychologists themselves and their wider social context. An exploratory review has been made to supplement the literature and pertains to experiential programmes in training in general and the psychologist’s self in training. The epistemology that directs this research falls within a postmodern frame. The experience is viewed from within the broad systems perspective. This approach acknowledges the dynamic and recursive interactions which occur between and within systems, and permits a broad perspective to be taken that is inclusive rather than exclusive. A qualitative research design was selected as it lends itself particularly well to the study of the ‘lived realities’ of people within their context and allows the information gained from the study to guide the research process. Semi-structured open-ended in-depth interviews were used as they allow for greater freedom and fewer restrictions regarding direction for the participant. A thematic analysis was carried out in order for the central themes of the experience to emerge. These themes were discussed extensively and integrated with the literature available. The multigenerational family presentation seems to create greater awareness of patterns and roles and these insights have a pervasive impact in many contexts. Understandably, the trainees feel emotionally overwhelmed as they become both observer and observed, viewing their interaction from a third-person perspective. This awareness of process results in a loss of spontaneous response and initial debilitation which is associated with feelings of loss and isolation. The self-exploratory behaviour gives rise to a reflexive reconstruction of self as a result of the access to new meanings regarding the dynamics and relationships within the family system, which enhances understanding of the complex interplay of systems, and ultimately facilitates the processes of integration, repair and resolution. / Dissertation (MA (Clinical Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Psychology / unrestricted

Dans ma recherche, je réalise une étude de deux cas cliniques d’enfants, âgés de 9-10 ans qui vivent, l’un dans le non dit de la maladie et l’autre dans le secret de la maladie. Ma problématique est celle-ci : Comment l’enfant infecté vivant dans le non-dit et le secret de la maladie vit cette angoisse de mort dans sa famille ? Comment il se représente sa famille, d’autant plus qu’il vit entre deux cultures. Les outils utilisés sont les dessins, le D 10, les génogrammes et les entretretiens. Je postule, d’une part que selon qu’il sait ou non le nom de sa maladie, l’enfant s’organisera différemment pour se défendre contre cette angoisse de mort. D’autre part, je postule que cette angoisse de mort induit chez ces deux enfants une perturbation de la représentation de la famille. Ce car ces deux enfants, de part leur origine, vivent entre deux cultures et cela génère entre autre des conflits culturels. Mes analyses ont montré, premièrement que l’enfant vivant dans le non dit montre une régression pour se défendre contre l’angoisse de mort. Deuxièmement, l’enfant vivant dans le secret utilise énormément les constructions imaginaires pour se défendre contre l’angoisse de mort. Troisièmement, les conflits familiaux et culturels qui sont présents par le jeu des transmissions, le déni de la maladie et l’omniprésence du secret cristallisent les problèmes. / During my research, I have the conducted a study on two children’s clinical cases, children aged 9-10, one living in a world where no one will speak about the illness and for the other in a world where the illness is a secret. My study is based on the following questions: How is the child infected by the virus, in both cases on the non spoken world and the secret world, living the anguish of death within their families ? How is that translated into the way they live within the family, particularly because they live between two cultures. Tools used are: drawing, D10, genograms and interviews. I propose that, depending whether or not he knows the name of his illness, the child will handle himself differently as he finds a way to defend against the anguish and anxiety of death. I also propose that living with this anguish of death will lead to a disruption in the way they live within their families. Based upon their different origins, the roots of these children living between two cultures, this can already generate differences and cultural conflicts. My analysis shows, first of all that the child living in the unspoken presents a regression in his fight against the anguish of death. Secondly, the child living in the secret builds many imaginary situations in order to fight this worry and anguish of death. Thirdly, the family and cultural conflicts present here by the game of transmissions, the denial of the illness and the omnipresence of the secret, crystallize the problems.

Family secrets can be a driving force, whether explicitly or implicitly, for many seeking therapy. Despite this, there is little qualitative research examining how individuals experience and make sense of their family secrets. Through this study the researcher examined the phenomenon of family secrets amongst five individuals from different families. Qualitative research using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) along with a Bowen Family Systems Theory approach was used to explore multigenerational family secrets. Purposive sampling was used to select that participants and data was collected through semi-structured interviews. A genogram was also drafted to identify multigenerational relationships and the history of family secrets. By exploring and mapping the functions of multigenerational family secrets, the researcher examined in detail how participants make sense of their lived experience with holding a family secret. Through semi-structured interviews, the researcher was able to extract the meanings found within keeping a secret and the functions that secrets serve within families. Six superordinate themes were identified: what’s in a secret, living with a secret, finding meaning, anxiety and differentiation, multigenerational transmission process, and functions of family secrets. The data collected and analysis reflecting the experiences shared by the five participants add to the existing literature on the phenomenon of keeping family secrets and details the implications for the emotional system and marriage and family therapy. By mapping the hidden, a new conversation on the taboos of family secrets can lead to new hope for individuals and generations to come.

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