At the Leibniz Institute of Ecological and Regional Development (IOER) in Dresden scientists work to investigate landscape dynamics and their cumulative environmental effects. Historic flood maps are important sources of information when evaluating past floods and making comparison with more recent ones. There exist two maps documenting historic Elbe floods in Saxony in 1845 and 1890, and their contents have been analysed and compared with recent flood data of 2002. This paper will discuss both the specific characteristics of such unique historic maps and the problems of their incorporation into the GIS workflow, including the derivation of land use from the maps and its verification. Geodata overlay of various flood events allows statements to be made about the development of flood risk in spatially differentiated areas. This valuable geodata has been placed on the internet for access by the public, planners and researchers.:1. Introduction 2. Historic Flood Events 3. Maps of Historic Flood Events 4. Digital Processing of Historic Maps 5. Results and Conclusions of GIS Analysis 6. Interactive Map Presentation

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Anwender aus verschiedensten Fachgebieten stellen weitreichende Anforderungen an die Modellierung der Zeitdimension in den Geoinformationssystemen. Von Interesse ist dabei oft speziell eine Analyse der Dynamik der betrachteten Phänomene. Das Erfordernis, geeignete Methoden zur Erfassung und Verarbeitung von Zeitinformationen bereitzustellen, stand in den letzten Jahrzehnten im Fokus diverser Untersuchungen und Publikationen. Im Kontext dieser Entwicklung ist im Jahr 2002 auch eine ISO-Norm (ISO19108:2002, Zeitliche Schema) zu dieser Thematik erschienen. Die Möglichkeiten, die hinsichtlich dessen von aktuellen Geoinformationssystemen angeboten werden, bleiben im Allgemeinen hinter der genannten Norm zurück. In dieser Arbeit wird untersucht, inwiefern das Konzept des Zeitlichen Schemas der ISO durch einen Abstrakten Datentyp in einer Geodatenbank umgesetzt werden kann. Es erfolgt die Konzeption hierfür notwendiger Objekte und Funktionen. Ziel ist dabei die integrierte Erfassung, Verwaltung und Analyse von Zeitpunkten, -perioden sowie einfacher zeitlicher Komplexe. Weiter wird für den Informationsaustausch zwischen Nutzer und Datenbanksystem, aufbauend auf bestehenden Standards, eine textuelle Repräsentation der Objekte konzipiert. Die Umsetzbarkeit des Konzepts wurde durch eine prototypische Implementierung, in einer PostgreSQL-Datenbank mit PostGIS-Erweiterung, untersucht. Die prinzipielle Machbarkeit konnte nachgewiesen werden, Details werden in der Arbeit behandelt. / Users from various fields of expertise place a wide range of demands on the subject of time modelling in geographic information systems. Of particular interest in this area is often the analysis of the dynamics of spatial features. The demand of providing suitable methods for the collection and processing of time data has been the focus of diverse research projects and publications over the last decades. In the context of the previously mentioned development, an ISO standard (ISO19108:2002, Temporal Schema) regarding this issue was published in 2002. In general, the capabilities of today’s geographic information systems are far behind the theoretical potential provided by this ISO standard. This bachelor thesis examines the feasibility of how the Temporal Schema of the ISO standard can be implemented in a Geodatabase with an abstract data type. Therefore necessary objects and functions are conceptualized. The aim is the integrated capture, management and analysis of instants, periods of time and simple temporal complexes. Furthermore, according to existing standards, a textual representation of objects is designed for the exchange of information between users and database systems. The practicability of the concept is examined with an implementation prototype in a PostgreSQL database, using the PostGIS extension. In summary, it can be said that the theoretical feasibility of this approach is proven, the details are discussed in this thesis.

Submitted by Eunice Novais (enovais@uepg.br) on 2017-09-06T23:22:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Silvia Mantuani.pdf: 1063712 bytes, checksum: fb17dc1ed6cea5a6dc334c161364c066 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-06T23:22:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Silvia Mantuani.pdf: 1063712 bytes, checksum: fb17dc1ed6cea5a6dc334c161364c066 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A segurança, qualidade e a origem dos alimentos são focos dos consumidores atuais, que buscam informações relacionadas ao sistema de produção e cuidados com o local de produção. Sistemas de rastreabilidade convencionais correspondem a uma tecnologia adequada para analisar informações do produto em qualquer etapa na cadeia produtiva, porém não disponibilizam os dados específicos em relação ao local e ao entorno onde os produtos ou lotes de produtos foram produzidos. A geo-rastreabilidade permite complementar essa carência dos sistemas de rastreabilidade, possibilitando abranger informações geográficas sobre o produto. A associação de indicadores geográficos e demais informações resulta na melhoria da segurança do produto rastreado. O RastroGrão é um framework de rastreabilidade de grãos que registra dados dos agentes da cadeia de produção para posterior consulta pelo consumidor final, porém não foi modelado para disponibilizar a geoinformação. O objetivo desta dissertação é apresentar a especificação da integração de dados geoespaciais para o RastroGrão. Essa pesquisa foi baseada nos regulamentos e normas para integração de dados geoespaciais, além de análise de sistemas de gestão de geoinformação e análise nos softwares web GeoTraceAgri, GTIS CAP, GeoFairTrade, GeoWine e GeoRastro, que implementam geoinformação integrada a dados de rastreabilidade de cadeias produtivas. Para integrar as informações geográficas existentes foi necessário utilizar a Infraestrutura de Dados Espaciais (IDE), para combinar diversas fontes de dados, originando informações sobre a área analisada. Com a integração dos dados geoespaciais, os agentes da cadeia produtiva e os consumidores têm informações precisas sobre os produtos que consomem, com verificação do local e entorno, onde foi produzido, transportado e armazenado o produto, além das práticas envolvidas na produção de determinado produto. Esta integração, com indicadores, auxilia na garantia da segurança do produto e proteção do ambiente, além de proporcionar controle agrícola sustentável. Palavras-chave: Geoinformação, Geo-Rastreabilidade, Dados Geoespaciais, Integração. / The safety, quality and origin of food are the focus of current consumers, who seek information related to the system of production and care with the place of production. Conventional traceability systems correspond to appropriate technology for analyzing product information at any stage in the production chain, but they do not make specific data available in relation to the location and environment in which the products or batches of products were produced. Geotraceability allows us to complement this lack of traceability systems, making it possible to cover geographic information about the product. The association of geographic indicators and other information results in improved security of the traced product. RastroGrão is a grain traceability framework that records data from the agents of the production chain for later consultation by the final consumer, but was not modeled to make geoinformation available. The objective of this dissertation is to present the specification of geospatial data integration for RastroGrão. This research was based on the regulations and standards for the integration of geospatial data, as well as analysis of geoinformation management systems and analysis in GeoTraceAgri, GTIS CAP, GeoFairTrade, GeoWine and GeoRastro web software, which implement integrated geoinformation to traceability data of productive chains. In order to integrate the existing geographic information, it was necessary to use the Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) to combine several data sources, giving information about the analyzed area. With the integration of geospatial data, the agents of the production chain and consumers have accurate information about the products they consume, with verification of the location and environment, where the product was produced, transported and stored, as well as the practices involved in the production of a given product. This integration, with indicators, assists in ensuring product safety and protection of the environment, as well as providing sustainable agricultural control.

In der Arbeit werden Möglichkeiten des Einsatzes von Digitalen Geländemodellen (DGM) im Kontext des Hochwasserrisikomanagements aufgezeigt, wobei die Anwendung hochauflösender Laserscandaten im Fokus steht. Zunächst wird die Notwendigkeit der wissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung mit Hochwassergefahren hervorgehoben. Dies schließt die Betrachtung der Bedeutung von Geodaten (insbesondere DGM) im Hochwasserrisikomanagement ein. Es folgt eine Darstellung der verwendeten Daten, begleitet von einer Zusammenstellung von Methoden zur großflächigen Erfassung des Georeliefs und einer kurzen Einführung in die Hochwassermodellierung. Die wissenschaftlichen Arbeitsziele werden im Kontext eines interdisziplinären Projektes zur Hochwasserrisikoforschung definiert, in welchem DGM erstmals auch als dynamische Komponente des Risikosystems aufgefaßt werden. Die Arbeitsziele umfassen in diesem Zusammenhang die Entwicklung von automatisierten Methoden zur Gewinnung von Informationen über Deiche, insbesondere über deren genaue Lage und Höhe, und zur Modellierung von Deichgeometrien. Nach der Umsetzung und Erprobung der Verfahren in einem Geoinformationssystem wird der Prototyp einer Softwareanwendung vorgestellt, der eine automationsgestützte und nutzerfreundliche Realisierung der entwickelten Methoden erlaubt. Der Teil Deichmodellierung in Digitalen Geländemodellen beschreibt theoretische Grundlagen zur Realisierung eines speziell auf Hochwasserschutzdeiche ausgerichteten Geoinformationssystems. Es wird der Begriff des Digitalen Deichmodells (DDM) eingeführt und dessen Modellstruktur sowie Möglichkeiten zu Datenerfassung und -pflege mittels hochauflösender Laserscan-DGM erläutert. Weiterhin werden bestehende Methoden der Objekterkennung in DGM zum Zweck der Deichdetektion und -extraktion adaptiert und ein neues Verfahren entwickelt, das speziell die geometrischen Spezifika von Deichen berücksichtigt. Mit den vorgestellten Verfahren wird deren weitgehend automatisierte Erfassung und Kartierung ermöglicht. Das DDM wird derart konzipiert, daß sowohl Rückbau, Verlegung als auch die Erhöhung von Deichen im Modell umsetzbar sind. Damit wird letztlich die Simulationsfähigkeit bzw. Veränderlichkeit eines DGM als Basis für Hochwassersimulationen realisiert. Im Kapitel Vereinfachte GIS-basierte Überflutungssimulationen wird ein Konzept zur vereinfachten GIS-basierten Folgenabschätzung von Deichbrüchen vorgestellt. Dafür werden bestimmte Modellannahmen getroffen und zur Überflutungsmodellierung herangezogen. Die Ergebnisse werden im Rahmen der Modellannahmen kritisch als Möglichkeit der Abschätzung von im Extremfall zu erwartenden Wasserständen in Überschwemmungsgebieten bewertet. Nach der Dokumentation der praktischen Umsetzung der vorgestellten Verfahren werden die Ergebnisse diskutiert und Ausblicke zur nötigen bzw. möglichen weiteren Forschungsarbeiten gegeben. Der Anhang der Arbeit enthält Karten und eine Dokumentation des Programms Diketools, das als Prototyp einer Deichmodellierungssoftware implementiert wurde. / This study examines possibilities of using Digital Terrain Models (DTM) in the context of flood risk management. Thereby the focus lies on the application of high-resolution laserscan data. First the necessity of the scientific examination of flood hazards is underlined which implies the consideration of geodata (especially DTM). This is followed by an overview of methods of large-area data acquisition of the earth surface as well as a short introduction into flood modelling. The scientific objectives of this study are defined within the context of a multidisciplinary research project which for the first time considers DTM as a dynamic component in the flood risk system. The objectives resulting from this point of view comprise the development of automated methods of acquiring information on dikes. Here the exact locations of dikelines and their crest levels are of special interest. The modelling of new dike geometries and their implementiation into existing DTM data is also included. Chapter 4 (Deichmodellierung in Digitalen Geländemodellen, engl.: Dike Modelling in Digital Terrain Models) describes the theoretical fundamentals of the realisation of an information system focused on flood protection dikes. Here the term Digital Dike Model (DDM) is introduced. Accordingly its model structure is defined and possibilities of data retrieval and data management by means of high-resolution laserscan terrain models are shown. The detection and extraction of dikes is accomplished by the adaption of existing object-extraction methods. Also a new procedure has been developed which accounts for dike-specific geometrical characterisations. The presented methods enable the automated identification and mapping of dikes. The Digital Dike Model has been designed to allow the removal and relocation of dikes as well as their heightening within the model. Hereby the desired changeability of Digital Terrain Models is realised as a basis for flood simulations. In Chapter 5 (GIS-basierte Überflutungssimulationen, engl.: Simplified GIS-based Flood Modelling) a concept for a simplified estimation of dike-breach induced floodings by means of GIS-based procedures is presented. This implies the definition of certain model assumptions which are adopted when performing flood simulations. The results are discussed and the use of this method for estimating maximum flood impacts is evaluated. These parts of the thesis are followed by the discussion of the results. In the end an outlook for further research is given. The appendix of this work includes maps and a documentation of the Diketools which has been implemented as a prototype of a dike-modelling software.

Diploma thesis named "Geoinformation system for the visually handicapped" deals with design and creation geoinformation system that should serve to visually handicapped people with planing the most appropriate route and their movement in a city. First part of thesis is a brief summary of who are visually handicapped people, their needs, abilities and principles of movement. Further are described barrier-free adaptations for visually handicapped people and existing solutions. Practical output is the design of an algorithm for automatically locating and evaluating critical locations based on OpenStreetMaps solution. Visually handicapped people choose not shortest route, but the safest route for their movement. Key words: Critical Point, Visual Handicap, Shortest Route, Optimization, Routing

The development implemented of technologies through mathematical models and computational advances, has allowed establish and study the interfaces that permeate the relations of the geographical area in the health area. These considerations can be extended to cases of violence against women, seen since 1993 as a problem of public health by the United Nations having serious effects on their health. The health services have a difficult operating activities in the planning, implementation and impact assessments for the actions of prevention and therefore occurs in large part, by lack of adequate spatialization of factors that characterize the populations with greater vulnerability to diseases and disorders occurring more frequently in public health. This work aimed at general identify and map the areas of greatest vulnerability for cases of against women violence reported through Region Police Office Women's through the modeling of variables in a of geographic information system with a view to violence linking and its factors associated. How specific objectives: identify, tag and register all variables that can contribute in the mathematical modeling that allows characterize the areas of vulnerability of the occurrence against women violence, modeling and implement a spatial database with the introduction of data from bodies responsible for public health data collected in the field, data analysis of the consistency and generated information, which can be arranged in spatial design and plans of information. Develop a mathematical model that enables understanding of correlations between variables / factors that characterize the vulnerable population against women to violence. This is a quantitative study of the diseases distribution, where the object of study is called spatial analysis in health and has as one of its applications to exploratory analysis of violence data reported. As results obtained that 64.7% of women surveyed have up to 38 years of age, 84.6% of the notifications of the victims of violence have schooling and average being 57.3% of the cases the violence has been practised by the partner or ex companion. / O desenvolvimento de tecnologias implementadas através de modelos matemáticos e avanços computacionais, tem permitido estabelecer e estudar as interfaces que permeiam as relações do espaço geográfico e a área da saúde. Essas considerações podem ser estendidas a casos de violência contra mulher, considerado desde 1993 como um problema de saúde pública pelas Nações Unidas tendo sérias repercussões em sua saúde. Os serviços de saúde apresentam uma dificuldade operacional nas atividades de planejamento, execução e avaliações de impacto para as ações de prevenção e isso, ocorre em grande parte, por desconhecimento da espacialização adequada de fatores que caracterizam as populações com maior vulnerabilidade para as doenças e agravos que ocorrem com maior freqüência em saúde pública. Este trabalho teve como objetivo geral identificar e mapear as áreas de maior vulnerabilidade para os casos de violência contra a mulher notificados através da Delegacia Regional da Mulher por meio do modelamento de variáveis em um sistema geográfico de informações com vistas a relacionar casos de violência e seus fatores associados. Como objetivos específicos: identificar, codificar e cadastrar todas as variáveis que possam contribuir no modelamento matemático que permita caracterizar as áreas de vulnerabilidade de ocorrência de casos de violência contra a Mulher, modelar e implantar um banco de dados espacial com a introdução de dados provenientes de órgãos responsáveis pela saúde pública e dados coletados a campo, analisar a consistência dos dados e das informações geradas, que possam ser espacializadas e dispostas em planos de informações. Elaborar um modelo matemático que permita a compreensão de correlações entre variáveis/fatores que caracterizam a população vulnerável à violência contra a mulher. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo da distribuição de agravos, onde o objeto de estudo é georreferenciado geograficamente, é denominado de análise espacial em saúde e tem como uma de suas aplicações à análise exploratória de dados notificados de violência. Como resultados obtivemos que 64,7% das mulheres pesquisadas possuem até 38 anos de idade, 84,6% das notificações das vítimas de violência possuem ensino fundamental e médio sendo que 57,3% dos casos a violência foi praticada pelo companheiro ou ex-companheiro.

The field of earth observation (EO) has seen tremendous development over recent time owing to the increasing quality of the sensor technology and the increasing number of operational satellites launched by several space organizations and companies around the world. Traditionally, the satellite data is analyzed by only considering the spectral characteristics measured at a pixel. The spatial relations and context were often ignored. With the advent of very high resolution satellite sensors providing a spatial resolution of ≤ 5m, the shortfalls of traditional pixel-based image processing techniques became evident. The need to identify new methods then led to focusing on the so called object-based image analysis (OBIA) methodologies. Unlike the pixel-based methods, the object-based methods which are based on segmenting the image into homogeneous regions use the shape, texture and context associated with the patterns thus providing an improved basis for image analysis. The remote sensing data normally has to be processed in a different way to that of the other types of images. In the geographic sense OBIA is referred to as Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA), where the GEO pseudo prefix emphasizes the geographic components. This thesis will provide an overview of the principles of GEOBIA, describe some fundamentally new contributions to OBIA in the geographical context and, finally, summarize the current status with ideas for future developments.

The first conference on Real-Time Mining is bringing together individuals and companies working on EU-sponsored projects to exchange knowledge and rise synergies in resource extraction innovation. The topics include: • Resource Modelling and Value of Information; • Automated Material Characterization; • Positioning and Material Tracking; • Process Optimization; • Data Management. The conference has been initiated by the consortium of the EU H2020 funded project Real-Time Mining as a platform for inter-project communication and for communication with project stakeholders. It brings together several European research projects in the field of industry 4.0 applied to mineral resource extraction. These are the projects VAMOS, SOLSA and UNEXMIN.

The flow of information, and consequently the decision-making along the chain of mining from exploration to beneficiation, typically occurs in a discontinuous fashion over long timespans. In addition, due to the uncertain nature of the knowledge about deposits and the inherent spatial distribution of material characteristics, actual production performance often deviates from expectations. Reconciliation exercises to adjust mineral resource and reserve models and planning assumptions are performed with timely lags of weeks, months or even years.