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AR-spelet Pokémon Go har spridits i världen runt om och även gjort en stor succé sen det först lanserades sommaren 2016. Målet med spelet var att få användarna att vilja utforska världen mer, förbättra den sociala interaktionen och öka den fysiska aktiviteten. Detta leder till syftet för denna studie att studera användarnas attityder kring sociala interaktionen och fysiska aktiviteten med AR-spelet Pokémon Go. Syftet är att få en bättre förståelse kring attityderna. Denna studie utfördes med mixed methods. En kvantitativ enkätundersökning genomfördes för att först ge en överblick över användningen för Pokémon Go; totalt 62 respondenter svarade. 6 kvalitativa intervjuer med 6 utvalda respondenter från enkätundersökningen var en komplettering till den kvantitativa metoden för att få en bättre förståelse. Resultatet från det empiriska materialet i jämförelse med den tidigare forskningen visade att användarna hade en positiv syn på AR och Pokémon Go, dock fanns det användare som var skeptiska då spelet och AR enligt dem kunde kännas krävande och innebära fara. Attityden kring den sociala interaktionen och AR var både positiv och negativ då användarna ansåg att AR kan ge stöd för den sociala interaktionen, men att ett möte med främlingar kan vara riskfyllt. Resultatet visar även att majoriteten av användarna känner att AR och fysisk aktivitet är en positiv koppling då det kan vara en motivation till att vara mer fysiskt aktiv. / The AR-game Pokémon Go has spread worldwide and has also made a huge success since it first launched in the summer 2016. The goals of the game were to make the users wanting to explore the world more, improve the social interaction among them and increase the physical activity. This leads to the aim of this paper to study the users’ attitudes towards the social interaction and physical activity with the AR-game Pokémon Go. The purpose is to get a better understanding of the attitudes. This paper was conducted by using mixed method. A quantitative survey was first conducted to get an overview of the usage of Pokémon Go; 62 respondents responded it. The 6 qualitative interviews with 6 selected respondents were a supplement to the survey to get a better understanding of the attitudes. The results of the empirical material in comparison to previous research showed that the users mostly have a positive attitude towards AR and Pokémon Go, but there were users who were skeptical because according to them the game and AR could be demanding and could mean danger. The attitude towards social interaction and AR were both positive and negative because the users find that AR can support the social interaction, but a meeting with strangers can be unsafe. The results shows that the majority of the users feels that AR and physical activity is positive connection as it can be a motivation for being more physically active.

People with disabilities will experience discrimination in many ways during their daily life; one way being the presence of physical barriers in the public built environment which prevent their full participation. Within the EU and in Germany, regulations and building standards are the primary tool used for ensuring accessibility within the built environment, however, full and equal access for people with disabilities has not been achieved. This discrepancy indicates the limitations of accessibility through standardization and regulation. Physical barriers, such as stairs, have long been identified and understood to prevent access for people with disabilities, however, there seems to be relatively little scientific literature discussing temporary forms of barriers which also prevent access in the built environment. This research project aims to identify and understand barriers which create temporary inaccessibility for people with disabilities. These barriers may reflect unregulated or unenforced situations within the public built environment, one example of this type of situation being construction sites. Of particular interest is the role temporality plays within the development of barriers and accessibility. The primary research takes the form of go-along case studies with three participants, each having a different disability or impairment. The setting for these case studies is Europaplatz, a plaza at Berlin’s central train station; this location can be considered as a critical case, findings here should be archetypal and can be expected to hold true in other similar situations. The research shows the existence of many temporary barriers which have long lasting inaccessible impacts for people with disabilities. These barriers primarily stem from the presence of nearby construction sites and activities. In most cases a small amount of initial consideration towards accessibility would have prevented these temporary inaccessibilities. Even after their creation, very minor changes could remove these barriers and create a more accessible environment. My research indicates that there are serious problems around construction related activities which create barriers for people with disabilities. A clear lack of consideration for accessibility during the planning, approval and oversight of construction activities is shown.

<p>The Canadian prevalence for all food allergies is estimated to be 7.5%. The only management strategy for an allergic individual is a strict avoidance diet, which is heavily reliant on the effectiveness of food labels used on commercial food products. This thesis explores the effects of food allergen labels on the well-being of affected Canadians, using a social constructionist framework and a mixed methods approach.</p> <p>The quantitative portion of this study drew upon primary survey data. Respondents were asked to self-report household allergic status, as well as purchasing behavior and attitudes towards precautionary statements (n=1380). Results from the quantitative analysis were used to inform and develop the qualitative interview schedule for the second phase of this thesis. Qualitative interviews in a grocery store setting were conducted with 12 anaphylactic individuals, or parents of anaphylactic children.Respondents were observed during the course of product selection and questioned about their shopping habits, perceptions of and preferences for allergen labels.</p> <p>Results indicate that current Canadian allergen labels are not as effective as expected, since affected consumers reported not heeding precautionary statements. Allergic families were found to be less diligent than indirectly affected families, and also less likely to find precautionary statements helpful. Through qualitative interviews, it was found that prior experience, not allergen information, is the primary factor guiding purchasing decisions. Even though precautionary statements were found to be easy to understand, terminology, font sizes, and contrast issues on labels were reported to be key areas of improvement. Results from the two phases reflect differences in individuals‟ social constructions of risk, which ultimately shape purchasing and consumption behaviors. This research is the first to explore the effects of allergen labels on affected Canadians, using a social constructionist approach. Ultimately, results will help effective policy change in Canada and help affected consumers make safe consumption choices.</p> <p>This research contributes to the number of health studies that utilized a mixed methods approach, which is an emerging paradigm. The use of mixed methods allowed for extension and refinement of results. Future research directions identified in this research include the need for pharmaceutical labeling in Canada, as well as the need to explore purchasing behaviors of indirectly affected families, as they also utilize allergen labels to guide consumption choices when shopping for allergy-controlled environments.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)

Grafenoxid (GO) har potential att användas i läkemedelsleveransapplikationer. Dess stora specifika yta gör det intressant som en effektiv bärare och skyddare av olika aktiva substanser för genterapi, såsom DNA och mRNA. Denna studie har fokuserat på att undersöka förhållandena för att ladda negativt laddat mRNA på GO. Kitosan (CS) och linjär polyetylenimin (PEI) har preadsorberats på GO för att underlätta mRNA-adsorption. Studien undersökte vid vilka förhållanden zeta-potentialen av GO/polyelektrolyt för det negativt laddade GO blir positivt. Dessa komplexerades sedan med mRNA vid olika N/P-förhållanden. Dessutom bedömde studien mRNA-frisättningskapaciteten genom att reducera pH.  GO/CS-komplexet vid förhållandet 1:2 visade positiv zeta-potential med N/P-förhållandena som sträcker sig från 1:1 till 10:1 visade att all mRNA och polyA har adsorberat till komplexet. N/P-förhållandet 10:1 var den enda som uppnådde en neutral zeta-potential, vilket tyder på tillräckligt mRNA för mättnad. Genom att öka koncentrationen av CS, kunde zeta-potentialen skifta till positivt vilket potentiellt förbättrar transfektionseffektiviteten. Visade en förbättring i signalen av det fria mRNA ökade när GO/CS/mRNA-komplexet utsattes för ett mer surt pH. Detta tyder på en potentiell frisättning när vektorn transfekteras in i cellen, eftersom den transporteras till lysosomerna som kännetecknas av sin sura miljö. GO/PEI-komplex visade endast negativ zeta-potential vid GO:PEI-förhållanden som når upp till 1:10, och därmed kommer det negativt laddade mRNA inte att adsorbera på dessa GO/PEI-komplex.  Resultaten tyder på en lovande utgångspunkt för pre-formuleringen av GO/CS-komplexet för vidare forskning. Detta arbete ger ett bidrag för framtida studier inom detta område. / Graphene oxide (GO) has a potential to be used in drug delivery applications. The large surface-to-mass ratio makes it interesting as efficient carrier and protector of various substances aimed for therapy, including DNA and mRNA. This study has focused on determining the ideal conditions for loading negatively charged mRNA onto GO using chitosan (CS) and linear polyethyleneimine (PEI) to facilitate mRNA adhesion. This was achieved by examining at what ratios of GO/polyelectrolyte the zeta potential of the negatively charged GO becomes positive, which were then subjected to mRNA complexation at different N/P (nitrogen/phosphate) ratios. Moreover, the study assessed the mRNA release capability by altering the pH.  The GO/CS complex at ratio 1:2 showed positive zeta potential with the N/P ratios ranging from 1:1 to 10:1 presented 100% loading efficiency of the added nucleic acids. With the N/P ratio 10:1 standing out as it achieved a neutral zeta potential, suggesting enough mRNA for saturation. By increasing the concentration of CS, the zeta potential could shift to positive potentially enhancing transfection efficiency. During the release assessment, the GO/CS/mRNA complex displayed increased amount of unbound mRNA when subjected to a more acidic pH. This suggests potential release when transfected into the cell, as the vector is transported to the lysosomes characterized by their acidic environment. GO/PEI complexes demonstrated only negative zeta potential at GO:PEI ratios reaching to 1:10, and thus the negatively mRNA will not adsorb on these GO/PEI complexes.  The findings suggest a promising starting point for the pre-formulation of the GO/CS complex for further research. This work provides a solid foundation for future studies in this area.

This thesis evaluates the potential recovery of the runway throughput under Wake Turbulence Re-categorization (RECAT) Phase II and Time-based Separation (TBS) with a Runway Occupancy Time (ROT) constraint comparing with RECAT Phase I. This research uses aircraft performance parameters (runway occupancy time, approach speed, etc.) from the Airport Surface Detection Equipment, Model X (ASDE-X) data set. The analysis uses a modified version of the Quick Response Runway Capacity Model (RUNSIM). The main contributions of the study are: 1) identifying the technical buffer between in-trail arrivals and regenerate them in RUNSIM; 2) estimate the percentage of the arrival pairs that have wake mitigation separation times in excess of ROT; 3) developed an additional in-trail arrival separation rule based on ROT; 4) measure the risk of potential go-arounds with and without the additional 95 ROT separation rules. 5) generate a sample equivalent time-based RECAT II. The study results show that the distributions of technical buffers have significant differences for different in-trail groups and strong connectivity to airport elevations. This is critical to estimate runway capacities and safety issues especially when advanced wake mitigation separation rules are applied. Also, with decreasing of wake separations, ROT will become a limiting factor in runway throughput in the future. This study shows that by considering a 95 percentile ROT constrain, one single runway can still obtain 4 or 5 more arrivals per hour under RECAT II but keep the same level of potential go-arounds compared with current operation rules (RECAT I). TBS rules seem to benefit more under strong wind conditions compared to RECAT I, and RECAT II. TBS rules need to be tailored to every airport. / Master of Science / This thesis evaluates the potential recovery of the runway throughputs by re-defining the minimum distance or time separations between successive arrivals. The minimum separation criteria between in-trail arrivals is defined by Federal Aviation Administration to avoid the wake vortex influence produced by the leading aircraft. The main contribution of this thesis lies in estimation of throughput capacity with the reduced minimum separation between arrivals. The study results show that the distributions of buffers added to the minimum separations have significant differences for different in-trail groups and strong connectivity to airport elevations. This is critical to estimate runway capacities and safety issues especially when advanced wake mitigation separation rules are applied. Also, with decreasing of wake separations, runway occupancy time will become a limiting factor in runway throughput in the future. This study shows that by considering a 95 percentile ROT constrain, one single runway can still obtain 4 or 5 more arrivals per hour under reduced minimum separation but keep the same level of potential go-arounds compared with current operation rules.