Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-08-16T12:27:29Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gilliard Pedro Marques - 2016.pdf: 7292314 bytes, checksum: 8dd9c621180554a91ab4360cf8abfd76 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-08-16T12:54:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gilliard Pedro Marques - 2016.pdf: 7292314 bytes, checksum: 8dd9c621180554a91ab4360cf8abfd76 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-16T12:54:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gilliard Pedro Marques - 2016.pdf: 7292314 bytes, checksum: 8dd9c621180554a91ab4360cf8abfd76 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-28 / The Samambaia Stream is located in the municipality of Catalão (GO). In addition to serving the riverbank population in their various activities, since 1974 it began to be used for water capturing and public supply to Catalão town. According to IBGE (2015), in 1970, Catalão population was no more than 30 thousand. However, currently it accounts with 98.737 thousand inhabitants. Faced with this population growth and among other demands for 40 years, a few has been invested and made properly for the environmental improvement of the Hydrographic Basin of Samambaia Stream. The environmental recovery program applied in 2004 denied the riverbank population participation and restricted the seedlings plantation in Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs), without any concern with its the maintenance. In September 2014, the Catalão town's High Public Power faced many difficulties in public water supply. This agency by means of the Municipal Water and Sewer Superintendence (MWSS) entered with a precautionary measure request to the Judiciary, which was granted to implement the sealing of irrigation pumps and the obstruction of all forms of water catchment from riverbank population. The achievement of this measure, among other actions, has unfolded in an expressive conflict between riverbank population and Catalão town’s High Public Power. Thus, this work had as main aim to understand the water resources’ management in Brazil, as well as to understand the conflicts for water and its appropriation and expropriation in the riverbank population's territory of the Hydrographic Basin of Samambaia Stream in Catalão (GO), in 2014. Concerning the methodology, it was prevailed by two research stages: the theoretical and documentary research. Among the literature, stands out the authors: Orlando (2005), Campos and Fracalanza (2010), Scantimburgo (2013) and others. In regard of the documents: The Lei Federal no. 9.433, which establishes the National Policy for Water Resources and the losses' collection of riverbank population's productions due to sealing of their water catchment pumps and dam breakage. Finally, it is considered that a public administration that ensures water quantity and quality to the present and future generations still poses as a great challenge in current Brazil. Besides, about the conflict for water in the Hydrographic Basin of Samambaia Stream, it is undeniable the inability of the Municipal Public Power of Catalão town in dialogue and recognize the importance of riverbank population in water management activities. / O Ribeirão Samambaia, o qual localiza-se no município de Catalão (GO), além de servir as populações ribeirinhas nas suas diversas atividades passou a ser utilizado para captação e abastecimento público da cidade de Catalão, desde 1974. Segundo o IBGE (2015), na década de 1970, a população do município de Catalão não passava de 30 mil. Porém, atualmente, conta com 98.737 mil habitantes. Perante este crescimento populacional e entre outras demandas ao longo de 40 anos, pouco se investiu e se fez adequadamente para a melhoria ambiental da Bacia Hidrográfica do Ribeirão Samambaia. O programa de recuperação ambiental, aplicado em 2004, negou o direito da participação das populações ribeirinhas, e restringiu o isolamento e plantio de mudas nas áreas de preservação permanentes (APP’s), sem nenhuma preocupação com a manutenção. Em setembro de 2014, o Poder Público Municipal de Catalão enfrentou muitas dificuldades no abastecimento público de água. Ele, por meio da Superintendência Municipal de Água e Esgoto (SAE), entrou com um pedido de Medida Cautelar ao Judiciário, a qual foi concedida para implementar a lacração de bombas de irrigação e a obstrução de todas as formas de captação de água dos ribeirinhos. A consecução desta medida, entre outras ações, desdobrou em um expressivo conflito entre os ribeirinhos e Poder Público Municipal de Catalão. Assim, este trabalho teve como o objetivo geral compreender a gestão das águas no Brasil, bem como o conflito pela água e a sua apropriação e expropriação no território dos ribeirinhos, da Bacia Hidrográfica do Ribeirão Samambaia, no município de Catalão (GO), em 2014. Em relação à metodologia, esta perpassou por duas etapas de investigação: a pesquisa teórica e a documental. Dentre a literatura, destaca-se os autores: Orlando (2005), Campos e Fracalanza (2010), Scantimburgo (2013), dentre outros. Em relação aos documentos: a Lei Federal n. 9.433, a qual institui a Política Nacional dos Recursos Hídricos, e o levantamento de perdas das produções dos ribeirinhos decorrentes dos lacres das bombas e arrombamento das represas. Por fim, considera-se que uma gestão que assegure água em quantidade e qualidade às gerações presentes e futuras, ainda se apresenta como um grande desafio no Brasil atual. Além disso, sobre o conflito pela água na Bacia Hidrográfica do Ribeirão Samambaia, é inegável a incapacidade do Poder Público Municipal de Catalão em dialogar e reconhecer a importância dos ribeirinhos como sujeitos primordiais na gestão das águas.

O envenenamento crotálico é responsável por, aproximadamente, 10% dos acidentes causados por serpentes peçonhentas no Brasil. A peçonha crotálica possui ação neurotóxica, miotóxica, nefrotóxica e coagulante. Insuficiência renal aguda (IRA) é a principal complicação nas vítimas que sobrevivem aos efeitos iniciais da peçonha, sendo importante causa de óbito para esses pacientes. Os objetivos deste estudo foram determinar prospectivamente a prevalência e os fatores de risco relacionados ao desenvolvimento de IRA após envenenamento crotálico. Foram estudadas 100 vítimas de acidente crotálico admitidas no Hospital Doenças Tropicais (HDT) de Goiânia-GO, no período de 07/1998 a 05/2000 e de 08/2001 a 03/2003 (43 meses). Os pacientes foram tratados com soro antiofídico específico (SAC) e estudados desde a admissão até alta hospitalar ou óbito. IRA foi definida como depuração de creatinina endógena (FG) < 60 mL/min/1,73m² nas primeiras 72 horas após o acidente. Os dados foram expressos como mediana (faixa de variação) ou % e analisados pelos testes de Mann-Whitney e Fisher e por regressão logística (RL). Vinte e nove pacientes desenvolveram IRA (29%) e 7 (24% dos pacientes com IRA) realizaram diálise. Ocorreram 3 óbitos, todos no grupo de pacientes com IRA. Comparando-se os pacientes que desenvolveram IRA e os que mantiveram FG = 60 mL/min/1,73m², constatou-se que os primeiros apresentaram menor superfície corpórea [1,55 (0,6-2,3) vs 1,7 (0,6-2,1) m², p= 0,0097], receberam SAC mais tardiamente [12 (2-48) vs 2 (1-14) h, p < 0,0001] e em maior quantidade [190 (90,4-536) vs 158 (75-500) mg/m², p < 0,0001], apresentaram maior prevalência de acidentes graves [26 (90%) vs 38 (54%), p = 0,0005], maior prevalência de ptose palpebral [29 (100%) vs 50 (70%), p = 0,0003], maior prevalência de tempo de coagulação (TC) anormal [24 (83%) vs 36 (51%), p = 0,003], menor diurese na admissão [62,4 (0-182) vs 99,6 (24,6-325) mL/h, p = 0,0004], menor valor de FG mínima [39 (0-54) vs 85 (61-110) mL/min/1,73m², p < 0,0001], maior elevação de creatinoquinase (CK) [50.250 (69-424.120) vs 1.108 (88-133.170) U/L, p < 0,0001] e menor FG de alta [87,5 (22-105) vs 102,1 (91-145) mL/min/1,73m², p < 0,0001]. Apesar de não ter havido significância estatística, pacientes com IRA também eram mais jovens [24 (3-59) vs 32 (3-61) anos, p = 0,09]. Os dois grupos receberam quantidade similar de hidratação. O modelo de RL foi baseado em TC anormal, idade ( 50 anos), tempo para receber SAC (> 120 min), CK de admissão (> 2.000 U/L) e diurese na admissão (> 90 mL/h). Idade < 12 anos (OR: 5,6, p = 0,026), tempo para receber SAC (OR: 11,1, p = 0,032), CK de admissão (OR: 12,7, p = 0,0009) foram identificados como fatores de risco independentes para o desenvolvimento de IRA, enquanto que diurese na admissão (OR: 0,20, p = 0,014) foi um fator independente associado à proteção. Estes resultados revelaram que IRA por envenenamento crotálico tem alta prevalência (29%). Demora em receber SAC, CK de admissão superior a 2.000 U/L e idade inferior a 12 anos foram fatores de risco independentes para desenvolver IRA. Diurese na admissão acima de 90 mL/h foi um fator protetor. / Approximately 10% of poisonous snakebites in Brazil are caused by Crotalus snakes. Its venom is neurotoxic, myotoxic, coagulant and causes renal injury. In fact, acute renal failure (ARF) is the major complication in patients surviving the early effects of the venom and a significant cause of death for these patients. The objectives of the present study were to assess prospectively the prevalence and risk factors for Crotalus venom-induced ARF. One hundred Crotalus snakebite patients admitted at Goiania\'s Tropical Diseases Hospital - GO, Brazil from July 1998 to May 2000 and August 2001 to March 2003 (43 months) were studied. The patients received specific antivenom (AV) and were evaluated from hospital admission until discharge or death. ARF was defined as creatinine clearance (GFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73m2 in the first 72 hours following the snakebite. Data are median (variation range) or % and were analyzed by Mann-Whitney\'s or Fisher\'s test and by logistic regression. ARF developed in 29 patients (29%) and 7 (24% of ARF patients) received dialysis. There were 3 deaths, all in the ARF group. When ARF patients were compared to patients that preserved GFR = 60 mL/min/1.73m2, it was found that ARF patients had smaller body surface area [1.55 (0.6-2.3) vs 1.7 (0.6-2.1) m², p = 0.0097], received AV therapy later [12 (2-48) vs 2 (1-14) hours, p < 0.0001], received larger AV amount [190 (90-536) vs 158 (75-500) mg/m², p < 0.0001], had higher % of accidents classified as severe [26(90%) vs 38 (54%), p = 0.0005], more palpebral ptosis [29(100%) vs 50 (70%), p = 0.0003], more cases with abnormal coagulation time (CT) [24 (83%) vs 36 (51%), p = 0.003], lower diuresis at admission [62.4 (0-182) vs 99.6 (24.6-325) mL/h, p = 0.0004], lower GFR nadir [39 (0-54) vs 85 (61-110)mL/min/1.73m², p< 0.0001], higher creatine kinase (CK) [50,250(69-424,120) vs 1,108 (88-133,170) U/L, p < 0.0001] and lower GFR at discharge [87.5 (22-105) vs 102.1 (91-145) mL/min/1.73m², p < 0.0001]. Patients with ARF were younger, but this difference did not reach statistical significance [24 (3-59) vs 32 (3-61) years, p= 0.09]. Both groups received similar amount of hydration. Logistic regression model was based on abnormal CT, age ( 50 years), time to AV administration (>120 min), CK at admission (> 2,000 U/L) and diuresis at admission (> 90mL/h). Age < 12 years (OR: 5.6, p = 0.026), time to AV administration (OR: 11.1, p= 0.032), CK at admission (OR: 12.7, p= 0.0009) were identified as independent risk factors for ARF, while diuresis at admission (OR: 0.20, p = 0.014) was an independent protective factor for renal function. These results showed that Crotalus venom-induced ARF has a high prevalence (29%) and that delay for AV treatment, CK values higher than 2,000 U/L at admission and age lower than 12 years were independent risk factors for the development of ARF. Diuresis at admission above 90 mL/h was a protective factor.

Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva barn och föräldrars upplevelse av att spela PokémonGo, samt att redogöra vilka komponenter som motiverar till fysisk aktivitet. Genom enkvalitativ metod med latent ansats utfördes fyra stycken intervjuer med hälsopromotion ifokus. Urvalet av informanter varierade i ålder 7-12 år och var av båda könen samt minst endeltagande förälder. Dataanalysen tillät oss att göra en latent tolkning genom eninnehållsanalys vilket resulterade i följande huvudtema: Pokémon Go bidrar till ökad fysiskaktivitet samt gemenskap med vänner och familj. Resultatet visade att informanterna genomPokémon Go skapat en ny attityd gentemot fysisk aktivitet och att Pokémon Go som appöppnat upp möjligheten till gemenskap och att fysisk aktivitet är roligt. Vi hoppas att meddenna studie kunna bidra till framtida forskning för att integrera interaktiva appar såsomPokémon Go som visat positiva effekter på ungas fysiska aktivitet och hälsa. / The purpose of this study is to describe children and parents experience of playing PokémonGo, as well as explaining what components motivate to physical activity. Through aqualitative approach, four interviews were conducted with health promotion in focus. Theselection of informants varied between the ages of 7-12 and was of both sexes and at least oneparent. Data analysis allowed us to make a latent interpretation through a content analysiswhich resulted in the following main themes: Pokémon Go contributes to increased physicalactivity and community with friends and family. The result showed that the Pokémon Goinformants created a new attitude towards physical activity and that Pokémon Go as appopened up the possibility of community and physical activity is fun. We hope that this studywill contribute to future research to integrate interactive apps such as Pokémon Go, whichshowed positive effects on young people's physical activity and health.

This master´s thesis is focused on measurement of optical properties of thin layer of materials used in organic solar cells (OSC). The usage of graphene oxides and its reduced forms as parts of hole transport layer (HLT) in OSC were studied. At the beginning of the thesis, there is described basic theory necessary to understand the optical properties of thin layers. The thin layer deposition and reduction of GO are discussed too. The experimental part is aimed to the optical characterization of prepared thin films. The results from optical microscopy, UV-VIS spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry were obtained. At the end of the thesis, the results are concluded and compared with already published literature.

With the ever increase in biomedical literature, text-mining has emerged as an important technology to support bio-curation and search. Word sense disambiguation (WSD), the correct identification of terms in text in the light of ambiguity, is an important problem in text-mining. Since the late 1940s many approaches based on supervised (decision trees, naive Bayes, neural networks, support vector machines) and unsupervised machine learning (context-clustering, word-clustering, co-occurrence graphs) have been developed. Knowledge-based methods that make use of the WordNet computational lexicon have also been developed. But only few make use of ontologies, i.e. hierarchical controlled vocabularies, to solve the problem and none exploit inference over ontologies and the use of metadata from publications. This thesis addresses the WSD problem in biomedical ontologies by suggesting different approaches for word sense disambiguation that use ontologies and metadata. The "Closest Sense" method assumes that the ontology defines multiple senses of the term; it computes the shortest path of co-occurring terms in the document to one of these senses. The "Term Cooc" method defines a log-odds ratio for co-occurring terms including inferred co-occurrences. The "MetaData" approach trains a classifier on metadata; it does not require any ontology, but requires training data, which the other methods do not. These approaches are compared to each other when applied to a manually curated training corpus of 2600 documents for seven ambiguous terms from the Gene Ontology and MeSH. All approaches over all conditions achieve 80% success rate on average. The MetaData approach performs best with 96%, when trained on high-quality data. Its performance deteriorates as quality of the training data decreases. The Term Cooc approach performs better on Gene Ontology (92% success) than on MeSH (73% success) as MeSH is not a strict is-a/part-of, but rather a loose is-related-to hierarchy. The Closest Sense approach achieves on average 80% success rate. Furthermore, the thesis showcases applications ranging from ontology design to semantic search where WSD is important.

Tekniker för att hämta e-post har sedan länge varit svåra att hantera på grund av brist på en tydlig standard. E-post kan variera i vilka headers som följer med och vilken storlek som är tillåten. De kan även vara skillnader på hur mailet är kodat vilket kan bidra till att mailet inte lyckas parsas på rätt sätt. Äldre tekniker som IMAP4 och POP3 förlitar sig på en bristande autentiseringsprocess som inte är önskvärd. Projektet kommer därför studera de nyare teknikerna Outlook Mail REST API och Gmail API för att jämföra dem mot IMAP4. Syftet är att på ett säkrare och effektivare sätt kunna läsa epost och integrera dem med ett ärendehanteringssystem. e-postöverföringar ska kunna schemaläggas med specifikationer som sparas i en konfigurationsfil. För att uppnå syftet implementerades tre prototyper som använde varsin teknik för att läsa e-post. För att jämföra teknikerna på prestanda gjordes tidsmätningar. En jämförelse på säkerhet genomfördes genom att sätta upp den information som måste sparas i konfigurationsfilen. En jämförelse på funktionalitet genomfördes genom att jämföra en lista på funktioner som bestämdes genom en intervju och därefter se om dem finns på de tre olika teknikerna. Resultatet blev att Outlook Mail API var överlägset bäst när det kommer till prestanda. Den stora anledningen varför var att Outlook API hämtar e-post i plain-text vilket leder till en betydligt kortare tid för att parsa e-post. Gmail API var snabbare än IMAP4 mest troligt för att den använder protokollet http för att hämta epost. Både IMAP4 och Gmail API hämtar e-post i form av MIME-meddelanden vilket ledde till en ungefärligt lika lång tid för parsning. Funktionaliteten för teknikerna var densamma förutom några få skillnader. Outlook API har funktionalitet för att hämta epost i plain-text medan de andra inte har det. Gmail API har inte möjlighet att sortera inkommande e-post. Slutligen kom projektet fram till att Gmail API och Outlook Mail REST API var säkrare än IMAP4 på grund av den modernare autentiseringsprocessen som inte hanterar några lösenord. Både Outlook och Gmail använder Oauth2 som autentiseringsprotokoll. Utifrån resultatet dras slutsatsen att Outlook Mail REST API är den lämpligaste lösningen baserat på dess säkerhet och prestanda. / The process to fetch email has for a long time been a difficult task because of the amount of different standards in email formats. Email can vary in different headers, format, max size and more based on which email supplier sends the mail. Older methods for fetching email as IMAP4 and POP3 still relies upon weak authentication processes. This project will therefore study the new technologies Gmail API and Outlook Mail REST API and compare these to IMAP4. The purpose of this study is to find a more effective and secure way of transferring emails from an email server to the system named Easit GO. Email transfers should be able to be scheduled in such a way that it is specified in a configuration file. To accomplish this three prototypes was implemented. Every prototype used on of the technologies to read email. To compare these prototypes there was a performance test through time measurements. To compare functionality there was a list setup of fixed functions showing which technologies that had support for that specific function. Security was based on the sensitive information that was stored in the configuration file. The result was that Outlook Mail REST API clearly beat the others on performance. This was because of outlooks ability of reading email in plain-text which leads to a substantially shorter parsing time. All of the technologies had similar functionality except for a few things. Outlook API had the possibility of reading email in plain-text which resulted in better performance. Gmail API did not have functionality to sort incoming email on oldest first. The study concluded that Outlook API and Gmail API were more secure than IMAP4 because of no passwords were saved or even used in the prototype. Both Outlook and Gmail used the authentication protocol Oauth2 which is more secure than IMAP4s Basic Authentication. The conclusion points to Outlook Mail REST API being the most suitable solution based on its performance and more modern authentication.

No description available.

The current energy crisis with sky-rocketed prices has created the need for new sustainable solutions in the energy production sector. The REPowerEU Plan, presented by the European Commission, has taken up on this and has established measures to accelerate the introduction of new renewable energy capacity in Europe, such as the designation of “go-to areas” by Member States to shorten authorization permits in areas with high potential and low environmental impacts. This thesis develops a method for the identification of possible hydropower “go-to areas” in Sweden. A study of the rivers Klarälven and Västerdalälven was carried out to find locations with unexploited power potential, followed by a suitability mapping analysis to assess their future development from other technical, geological and economic criteria. Afterwards, the most interesting areas in terms of power and suitability were subjected to a description of the environmental legislation that constraints them to be actually exploited. The methodology is based on a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) approach, through the use of ArcMap, and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). Specifically, the AHP technique was utilized, carrying out interviews with five experts to adapt the study to the Swedish context. Also, European and national regulations were considered, including the Renewable Energy Directive (RED II), the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the Nature Directives, as well as the Swedish Environmental Code.  Two sites were found to be worthy of "go-to area" consideration, with an average combined power potential of over 125 MW and a medium to very high suitability index for hydropower implementation. However, their water condition was found to be below the minimum required by the WFD, and they were also found to be considered or located in the close surroundings to Nature 2000 areas. Moreover, they all protected locations against hydropower implementation by the national environmental legislation.  Therefore, it is pointed out in this thesis that their conversation conditions and protection status forbids them to be used for any activity that would compromise them. It is concluded that a balance is required to be implemented between nature protection and the need for new sustainable energy sources. / Den pågående energikrisen med skyhöga elpriser driver på behovet av nya hållbara lösningar för energiproduktion. REPowerEU-planen, som lagts fram av Europeiska kommissionen, möter krisen med åtgärder som avser att påskynda installationen av ny kapacitet med förnybar energiproduktion i Europa. Detta omfattar bland annat att medlemsstaterna får peka ut särskilda "go-to areas", för att förkorta tillståndsförfarandet i områden med hög potential och låg miljöpåverkan.  I detta examensarbete utvecklas en metod för att identifiera möjliga "go-to areas" för ny vattenkraft i Sverige. En studie av Klarälven och Västerdalälven genomfördes för att hitta platser med outnyttjad vattenkraft, följt av en lämplighetskartläggningsanalys för att bedöma potentiell framtida utveckling utifrån tekniska, geologiska och ekonomiska kriterier. Därefter har de intressantaste områdena vad gäller kraftproduktion och lämplighet analyserats utifrån ett miljölagstiftningsperspektiv, vilket kan medföra begränsningar för en eventuell utbyggnad. Metodiken är baserad på en metod som nyttjar ett geospatialt informationssystem (GIS), genom användning av ArcMap, samt Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). Specifikt användes AHP-tekniken, genom intervjuer med fem experter för att anpassa studien till ett svenskt sammanhang. Utöver detta har även hänsyn tagits till europeisk och nationell reglering, inklusive direktivet om förnybar energi (RED II), ramdirektivet för vatten (WFD) och naturdirektiven och slutligen den svenska miljöbalken. Två områden identifierades som möjliga "go-to areas". Dessa har en genomsnittlig kombinerad effektpotential på över 125 MW och ett medelhögt till mycket högt lämplighetsindex för implementering av ny vattenkraft. Deras ytvattenstatus visade sig dock vara under det minimikrav som krävs enligt ramdirektivet för vatten. Utöver detta är de presenterade områdena belägna i, eller i närheten av, Natura 2000-områden. Slutligen är platserna skyddade mot utbyggnad av vattenkraft, enligt miljöbalken. I denna uppsats dras slutsatsen att de presenterade områdenas bevarandevillkor och skyddsstatus förbjuder dem att användas för någon verksamhet som skulle påverka dem negativt, men att det krävs en balans mellan naturskydd och behovet av nya hållbara energikällor.

Orientador: Elson Luciano Silva Pires / Banca: Silvia Selingardi Sampaio / Banca: Pedro Roberto Jacobi / Banca: Claudio Antônio Di Mauro / Banca: Luciana Aparecida Iotti Ziglio / Resumo: Diante do agravamento dos problemas ambientais, a reciclagem tem se apresentado como uma das principais questões no âmbito das discussões socioambientais, sendo notada, ainda, uma evidenciação do aspecto econômico da atividade recicladora, em detrimento dos aspectos ambientais e sociais, o que tem conduzido ao desenvolvimento da cadeia produtiva da reciclagem no Brasil. O entendimento é de que se trata de uma atividade econômica promissora, que surge como um mercado novo e em desenvolvimento, incentivado pela própria Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi o de analisar a cadeia produtiva da reciclagem como reflexo da condução de políticas públicas adotadas para o desenvolvimento do setor no território nacional, no anseio de explicitar as reais capacidades de ação e execução de tais políticas, de forma transparente e coletiva, pelo caminho da governança, em seu processo de construção complexa. Ademais, buscou-se analisar a estruturação/organização da cadeia produtiva da reciclagem, atentando-se, principalmente, para as particularidades da indústria recicladora no Brasil, bem como identificar os diversos atores envolvidos intrinsecamente nessa atividade econômica, suas estratégias organizacionais, formas de atuação e funções, buscando definir a composição e atuação do Estado, dos membros da sociedade civil e dos empresários, a partir de uma tipologia capaz de demonstrar o caráter público, privado ou tripartite da governança. Para o desenvolv... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Faced with the aggravation of environmental problems, recycling has been presented as one of the main issues in the socio - environmental discussions, and it is also noticed an evidence of the economic aspect of the recycling activity, to the detriment of environmental and social aspects, which has led to the development of the recycling chain in Brazil. The understanding is th at this is a promising economic activity, which emerges as a new and developing market, encouraged by the National Policy on Solid Waste. Thus, the objective of this research was to analyze the productive chain of recycling as a reflection of the conduction of public policies adopted for the development of the sector in the national territory, in the desire to make explicit the real capacity of action and execution of such policies, in a transparent way and collective, by way of governance, in its complex construction process. In addition, we sought to analyze the structuring/organization of the recycling chain, taking into account, mainly, the particularities of the recycling industry in Brazil, as well as to identify the various actors involved in this economic activity intrinsically, their organizational strategies, forms of action and functions, seeking to define the composition and performance of the State, members of civil society and entrepreneurs, based on a typology capable of demonstrating the character public, private or tripartite governance. For the development of the proposed objectives ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

O depósito de níquel laterítico de Niquelândia, GO, Brasil, é considerado um dos mais importantes depósitos desta natureza no país, em razão de sua dimensão, seus teores ligeiramente mais elevados e associação com argilominerais. Desde a década de 70, autores como Trescases e Santos já estudavam seus argilominerais detentores de níquel. Este depósito difere dos cubanos e australianos, pois os primeiros têm o níquel associado aos minérios oxidados e os segundos à serpentina. Em Niquelândia, o níquel está associado principalmente às esmectitas e vermiculitas. A existência destes argilominerais ricos em níquel torna o processo hidrometalúrgico aplicado em Niquelândia o menos recomendado, o que pode ser verificado através de perdas significativas de níquel no rejeito, principalmente no que se refere ao minério silicatado. Estas perdas estão relacionadas com a formação de silicatos de magnésio, como piroxênios, anfibólios e olivinas ainda durante o processo de moagem do minério, isto ocorre devido à técnica aplicada para a redução da umidade. A formação destes minerais retém o níquel em suas estruturas, não permitindo que este seja solubilizado na etapa de lixiviação amoniacal. Em Niquelândia, o principal portador de níquel é a esmectita, no entanto, são identificadas esmectitas di e trioctaédricas, quase sempre associadas. Estas variam desde um extremo trioctaédrico rico em níquel, praticamente refratário ao processo Caron, à esmectitas dioctaédricas de ferro, de baixos teores de níquel, mas com boa recuperação junto ao processo. Contudo, predominam no depósito esmectitas di e trioctaédricas de composições variadas de Fe-Mg-Ni, classificadas como montmorillonitas/stevensitas. Uma maneira de minimizar as perdas de recuperação de níquel seria exercer maior controle sobre a alimentação da usina, de forma a reduzir a proporção de minério silicatado do tipo esmectita trioctaédrica, aumentando a proporção de minério oxidado+minério silicatado de esmectitas dioctaédricas. / The nickel lateritic ore from Niquelândia Goiás - is one of the most important and well known Ni lateritic deposits in Brazil. High nickel contents, the deposit dimension and also, their associations with clay minerals are the main reasons for researchers, such as Trescases and Santos, to have studied it in the 1970s. The Cuban and Australian deposits have nickel associated to oxidized ores and serpentine, respectively, but at Niquelandia, nickel is specially associated to smectites and vermiculites. The Caron Process is not the most suitable for treating Ni-bearing clay minerals, as those present in Niquelândia. Consequently, there are many losses related to silicated ore. The reduction temperature used in the Caron process in the reduction step can form minerals, such as pyroxene, amphibole and olivine. These minerals trap Ni inside their structure; hence, the ammoniacal solution can not access this element and solubilize it. The main Ni-bearing clay mineral observed in Niquelândia is smectite. Actually, the silicated ore is composed by a mixture of smectites. One of them is a Ni-trioctahedral one, which is not affected by ammoniacal leaching; however, it has a significant amount of nickel. On the other hand, a dioctahedral Fe-rich smectite, has high Ni recoveries, but its nickel content is lower. Samples composed by a mixture of di and trioctahedrals smectites - Fe-Mg-Ni montmorillonite/stevensite are the most common. Considering all these factors, the losses related to Ni-recoveries can be avoided by a better feed control. The ideal feed should be an oxidized ore + silicate ore composed by dioctahedrals smectites. The Ni trioctahedral smectite should be avoided.